施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)-unit-2答案分析解析

UNIT2SectionOneTacticsforlisteningPart1SportDictationMyMotherMymotherwasanefficient⑴taskmasterwhocooked,cleanedandshoppedforninepeople(2)onadailybasis.Shewasadisciplinarian*whowould(3)makeussevenkidswalkupanddownthestairsahundredtimesifweclumpedlike(4)fieldhandsto-dinner.Shealsoenlistedustohelpherintheday's(5)chores.Mymotherbelievedthateachofherchildrenhadaspecial(6)knackthatmadehimorherinvaluableoncertain(7)missions.MybrotherMike,forexample,wasbelievedtohaveespecially(8)keeneyesight.Hewashoistedupasahuman(9)telescopewheneversheneededtoseesomething(10)faraway.Johnwastheclimberwhenakite(11)gotcaught.Myownjobwasnavigatorforour(12)giganticoldChrysler.Butmymother's(13)abilitytogetworkdonewellwasonly(14)oneside.Shealsohadan(15)imaginationthatcarriedherindifferentdirections,that(16)allowedhertotranscendhereverydaylife.Shedidnot(17)believeinmagicasportrayedonastage,but(18)valuedinsteadthesoundofametalbucketbeing(19)filledbyahose,orthepersistenceofadandelionatthe(20)edgeofawoodpile.Part2ListeningforGistForhundredsofyearsmanhasbeenfascinatedbytheideaofflying.OneofthefirstmentoproducedesignsforaircraftwasLeonardodaVinci,anItalianartistwholivedinthefifteenthcentury.However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthcenturythatpeoplebegantofly,orperhapsitwouldbebettertosayfloat,acrossthecountrysideinballoons.Thefirsthot-airballoonwasmadeinApril1783bytheMontgolfierbrothersinFrance.Inthefollowingyearsmanyflightsweremadebyballoon.Someoftheflightswereforpleasureandotherswerefordeliveringmailandformilitarypurposes,suchasobservationandevenbombing.However,inthelatenineteenthcentury,airshipssupersededballoonsasaformoftransport.Airshipscameafterballoons.ThefirstpoweredandmannedflightwasmadebyaFrenchman,Giffard,inSeptember1852.Hisairship,poweredbysteam,traveledtwenty-sevenkilometersfromParistoTrappesataspeedofeightkilometersperhour.Howeverthedaysoftheairshipwerenumberedastheaeroplanebecameincreasinglysafeandpopular.ExerciseDirections:Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.Thispassageisabouttheearlyhistoryofflying.Thekeywordsaredesigns,anItalianartist,fifteenthcentury,eighteenthcentury,fly,float,balloons,hot-airballoon,April1783,airships,September1852,aeroplane.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueBuyingaCarA:Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?B:Yes,I'minterestedinbuyingacar.A:Haveyouanythinginmind?B:Notreally.A:Whatpriceareyouthinkingof?B:Notmorethan£13,500.A:Let'sseenow...OvertherebetweentheLanciaandtheVolvoisaMini.Itcosts£12,830andischeaptorun:Itdoes38milespergallon.Orthere'stheCitroen,behindtheMini.Itcosts£12,070andisevencheapertorunthantheMini:Itdoes45milespergallon.It'snotveryfastthough.Itonlydoes69milesperhour.B:No,IthinktheMiniandtheCitroenaretoosmall.I'vegotthreechildren.Isn'tthereanythingbiggeratthatprice?A:Well,there'stheToyotaoverthere,totheleftofthePeugeot.It'sverycomfortableandcosts£13,040.It'scheaptoruntoo,anditalsohasabuilt-inradio.Orthere'stheRenaultatthebackoftheshowroom,behindthePeugeot.Itcostsalittlemore,£13,240,butitischeapertorun.Itdoes40milespergallonandtheToyotaonlydoes36milespergallon.B:WhataboutthatVolkswagenoverthere,infrontoftheToyota?A:Thatcostsalittlemorethan£13,500butit'saveryreliablecar.It'smoreexpensivetorunthantheothers:Itdoes34milespergallon,butit'sfaster.Itstopspeedis90milesperhour.TheToyota'sis80milesperhourandtheRenault'sis82milesperhour.B:Howmuchdoesitcost?A:£13,630andthatincludesa5-yearguarantee.B:AndtheFiatnexttotheVolkswagen?A:Againthat'smorethan£13,500,butit'scheaperthantheVolkswagen.Itcosts£13,550.B:Hmmwell,I'llhavetothinkaboutitandstudythesepamphlets.HowmuchisthatPeugeotincidentally,behindtheLancia?A:Oh,that'sexpensive.Itcosts£15,190.B:Yes,thatisabittoomuch.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.Goodbye.Part2PassageTheWrights'StoryOnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Underthedirectionoftheoperatoritclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"Flyer"madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuveringinsogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.5.Inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtheruddertoofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thestartswereallmadefromapointonthelevelsandabout200feetwestofourcamp,whichislocatedaquarterofamilenorthoftheKillDevilsandhill,inDareCounty,NorthCarolina.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocity*of27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometer*attheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.Theflightsweredirectlyagainstthewind.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.Afterarunofabout40feetalongamonorail*track,whichheldthemachine8inches(20centimeters)fromtheground,itrosefromthetrackandunderthedirectionoftheoperatorclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached,afterwhichthecoursewaskeptasnearhorizontalasthewindgustsandthelimitedskilloftheoperatorwouldpermit.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"Flyer"madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.Ithadpreviouslybeendecidedthatforreasonsofpersonalsafetythesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossible.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuvering*insogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.Consequentlythefirstflightwasshort.Thesucceedingflightsrapidlyincreasedinlengthandatthefourthtrialaflightof59secondswasmade,inwhichtimethemachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairandadistanceof852feetovertheground.Thelandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Afterpassingoveralittlehummock*ofsand,inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtherudder*toofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.Thereversemovementoftherudderwasafractionofasecondtoolatetopreventthemachinefromtouchingthegroundandthusendingtheflight.Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,weshouldhavepostponedthetrialstoamorefavorableseason,butweweredeterminedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterous*winds,aswellasincalmair.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionOrvilleWright(1871-1948),Americanaeronauticalengineer,famousforhisroleinthefirstcontrolled,poweredflightinaheavier-than-airmachineandforhisparticipationinthedesignoftheaircraft'scontrolsystem.Wrightworkedcloselywithhisbrother,WilburWright(1867-1912),Americanaeronauticalengineer,indesigningandflyingtheWrightairplane.Duringtheyears1900,1901,1902,and1903,thetwobrothersdevelopedthefirsteffectiveairplane.AtKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,onDecember17,1903,OrvilleWrightmadethefirstsuccessfulflightofapiloted,heavier-than-air,self-propelledcraft,calledtheFlyer.ThethirdFlyer,whichtheWrightsconstructedin1905,wastheworld'sfirstfullypracticalairplane.Itcouldbank,turn,circle,makefigureeights,andremainintheairforaslongasthefuellasted,uptohalfanhouronoccasion.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.FourflightsweremadeonthemorningofDecember17,1903,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.2.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocityof27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometerattheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.Themachineranabout40feetalongamonorailtrackbeforeitrosefromthetrack.Thesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossibleforreasonsofpersonalsafety.Themachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairin59secondsatthefourthtrial.Theearlylandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,itwasnotafavorableseasonforthetrials.ExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Becausetheywantedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterouswindsaswellasincalmair.2.(Open)SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1WorldBasketballChampionshipThesemifinalroundoftheWorldBasketballChampionshiptournamentislatertoday(Saturday)inthemid-western(US)stateofIndiana.Argentinaistheonlyundefeatedteamatthetournament.TheSouthAmericanshaveoutscoredtheiropponentsbyanaverageof19pointspergame.OnWednesday,ArgentinashockedthehostUnitedStates(87-80)tosnapa58-gameinternationalwinningstreak*byprofessionalsquadsoftheNationalBasketballAssociationplayers.ArgentinaalsodefeatedBrazil(78-67)toreachthesemifinalroundwheretheteamwillfaceGermany.PrimarilyusingEuropeanexperiencedplayers,ArgentinadefeatedGermanyearlierinthesecondround,86-77.DefendingchampionYugoslavia,whichoustedtheUnitedStates(81-78)inthequarterfinals,playsupstart*NewZealand.ButYugoslavheadcoachSvetislavPesicsaysheisnotsurprised.ThelosersofeachgamewillplayforthethirdplaceonSundaybeforethechampionshipgame.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheseMfinalroundoftheWorldBasketballChampionshiptournament.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingsentences.InthesecondroundArgentinadefeatedGermany86-77・ArgentinaalsodefeatedBraziltoreachtheseminalround.3・BeforethesemifinalroundArgentinaistheonlyundefeatedteamatthetournament.DefendingchampionYugoslavia,whichoustedtheUnitedStatesinthequarterfinals,playsagainstNewZealand.ThefourteamsthatwillplayinthesemifinalsareArgentinaGrmany,YugoslaviaandNewZealand.Thelosersofeachgamewillplayforthethirdplacebeforethechampionshipgame.NewsItem2

EuropeanFootballEnglishfootballclubLiverpoolcrashedoutoftheChampionsLeague,despitefightingbackfroma3-0deficittotieFCBasel3-3inSwitzerland.LiverpoolneededawinTuesdaytoqualify/forthesecondphase.Instead,theEnglishclubwillplayfortheUEFACup.BaselbecamethefirstSwisssideevertoreachthelast16oftheChampionsLeague,qualifyingsecondinGroupB・behindValenciaofSpain,whichbeatSpartakMoscow3-0.EnglishchampionArsenalplayedtoascorelesshomedrawagainstDutch-sidePSVEindhoventotopGroupAandmoveintothesecondphase,wheretheteamwillbeseeded.They'llbejoinedbyGermanteamBorussiaDortmund*,whichadvanceddespitea1-0losstoAuxerreinFrance.ASRomaplayedtoa1-1drawagainstAEKAthensinItaly,tocapturesecondplaceinGroupC.GroupwinnerRealMadridofSpainwillalsoadvance,afterdrawing1-1withRacingGenk*inBelgium.InGroupD,InterMilanofItalygotapairofgoalsfromHernanCrespotobeatAjaxAmsterdam2-1intheNetherlands.BothteamsqualifiedattheexpenseofFrenchsideLyon,whichwasheldtoa1-1drawbyRosenborginNorway.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutEuropeanfootballmatches.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNewsItem3KemperOpenGulfPreviewTheannualKemperOpen*golftournamentgetsunderwayThursdaynearWashingtonattheTournamentPlayersClubatAvenel.Twenty-eight-year-oldAmericanRichBeemisbacktodefendhistitle.Beforehisvictoryhere,hehadmissedthehalfwaycutsinfivestraighttournaments.Hehopeshecanagainfindhisformduringthenextfourdays,asheiscurrently132ndonthemoneylist.Theplayerwhoisnumber-oneongolf'smoneylistandintheworldrankings,AmericanTigerWoods,decidedtoskipthiseventafterwinningtherain-delayedMemorialOpenin(Dublin)OhioonMonday.Compatriot*JeffSlumansaysevenTigerhastotakeperiodicbreaks.He'sunbelievable.He'sgotanopportunity,asIsaidevenacoupleyearsago,ifhestayshealthyanddoestherightthings,hecanmaybebethebestgolferofalltime,andhe'sshowingrightnowwhathecando.Thekidisjustafabulous,fabulousplayer,buthecan'tplayeveryweek."Eightofthepast10KemperOpenwinnersareinthisyear'sfieldof156golfers,whoarevyingforthreemilliondollarsinprizemoney.Thefirst-placecheckhasbeenincreasedfrom450thousandto540thousanddollars.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutanannualKemperOpengoftournamentonThursday.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.TheKemperOpengolftournamentwillbeheldonThursday.RichBeemcomesbacktodefendhistitle.Heiscurrentlyranked132ndonthemoneylist.TigerWoodsisnumber-oneongolf'smoneylistandintheworldrankings.HehastotakeabreakafteramatchonMonday.Thereare156golferstakingpartinthisevent.Thetotalprizemoneyisthreemilliondollars.Theprizeforthefirstplaceis540thousanddollarsSectionFourSupplementaryExercisePart1FeatureReportUSMen'sNationalCollegiateBasketballTournamentThewidelyfollowedUSmen'snationalcollegiatebasketballtournamentconcludestonight(9p.m.EST)inAtlantawithachampionshipmatch-up*betweenMarylandandIndiana.Marylandisinthechampionshipgameforthefirsttimeintheschoolhistory.Togethere,theMarylandTerrapinshadtobeatthreeteamswithgreatbasketballtraditions:Kentucky,ConnecticutandKansas.Nowtheyfaceanother,Indiana.whileMarylandwasoneofthefourtopseedsinthis65-teamtournament,theIndianaHoosiers*wereafifthseed,andvirtuallynooneexpectedthemtoreachthetitlegame*.ButtheyknockedoffdefendingchampionDukeinthethirdround,andinthesemifinalstheyupsetOklahoma.MarylandcoachGaryWilliamsknowsitwilltakeasolidefforttowin."Anyteamthat'sgottentowhereIndianahasgotten,youdon'tlookattheirrecord.Youlookathowthey'replayingnow,howtheyplay.Anytimeateamplaysteamdefenseliketheydo,theyhaveachancetobeatanybody.That'swhatconcernsmethemost,theirabilitytoplaytogetherasaunit,becausealotoftimesyoucanplaywithanybodywhenyouplaythatclosetogetherliketheydo."Indianahas27winsand11defeatsthisseason.Thelasttimeateamwonthenationalchampionshipwithasmanyas11losseswasKansasin1988.Marylandhasaschoolrecordof31winsagainstonly4losses.Ithasthreeseniorsinthestartingline-up*whoreachedthesemifinalslastyear,andtheyaredeterminedthatthistimetheywilltakehometheschool'sfirstmen'snationalbasketballchampionship.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsreportisabouttwoteamsthatwillcompeteforthechampionshipofUSmen'snationalcollegatebasketballtournament.ExercisesBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingsentences.Marylandmovesinthechampionshipgameforthefirsttimeintheschoolhistory.TheMarylandTerrapinshadtobeatthreeteamswithgreatbasketballtraditionsbeforeitreachedthetitlegame.Amongthe65teams,theIndianateamwasafifthseed.Indianahas27winsand11defeatsthisseason.LastyeartheMarylandTerrapinsreachedthesemifinals.In1988,theteamwhowonthenationalchampionshipwithasmanyas11losseswasKansas.Part2PassageWhoonEarthInventedtheAirplane?HewouldkeephisdirigibletiedtoagaslamppostinfrontofhisParisapartmentandduringthedayhe'dflytogoshoppingortovisitfriends.Sincehiswasthefirstpublicflightintheworld,hewashailedastheinventoroftheairplanealloverEurope.ButtobringuptheWrightbrotherswithaBrazilianisboundtoelicitanavalancheofargumentsastowhytheirflightdidn'tcount.Hisflightdidmeetthecriteria:Hetookoffunassisted,publiclyflewapredeterminedlengthandthenlandedsafely.BythetimetheBraziliangotaroundtohismaidenflighttheWrightbrothershadalreadyflownnumeroustimes,includingoneflightinwhichtheyflew39kilometers.AskanyoneinBrazilwhoinventedtheairplane,andtheywillsayAlbertoSantos-Dumont,abonvivantaswell-knownforhisaerialprowessashewasforhisdandyish*dressandplaceinthehigh-societylifeofBelleEpoqueParis.AsPaulHoffmanrecountsinhisbiographyWingsofMadness,theeccentric*Brazilianwastheonlypersoninhisdaytoownaflyingmachine."Hewouldkeephisdirigible*tiedtoagaslamppostinfrontofhisParisapartmentattheChampsElysees,andeverynighthewouldflytoMaxim'sfordinner.Duringthedayhe'dflytogoshoppingortovisitfriends,"Hoffmansaid.ItwasonNovember12,1906,whenSantos-Dumontflewakite-likecontraption*withboxywingscalledthe14-Bissome220metersontheoutskirtsofParis.Sincehiswasthefirstpublicflightintheworld,hewashailedastheinventoroftheairplanealloverEurope.ItwasonlylaterthatOrvilleandWilburWrightprovedtheyhadbeatenSantos-DumontatKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,threeyearsearlier.ButtobringuptheWrightbrotherswithaBrazilianisboundtoelicit*anavalancheofargumentsastowhytheirflightdidn'tcount."It'soneofthebiggestfrauds*inhistory,"scoffsWagnerDiogo,ataxidriverinRiodeJaneiro."Noonesawit,andtheyusedacatapult*tolaunchtheairplane."Thedebatecentersonthedefinitionofflight.HenriqueLinsdeBarros,aBrazilianphysicistandSantos-Dumontexpert,arguesthattheWrightbrothers'flightdidnotfulfilltheconditionsthathadbeensetupatthetimetodistinguishatrueflightfromaprolongedhop.Santos-Dumont'sflightdidmeetthecriteria:Hetookoffunassisted,publiclyflewapredeterminedlengthandthenlandedsafely."Ifweunderstandwhatthecriteriawereattheendofthe19thcentury,theWrightbrotherssimplydidnotfillanyoftheprerequisites,"saidLinsdeBarros.BraziliansclaimthattheWrightslaunchedtheirFlyerin1903withacatapultoratanincline,disqualifyingitfrombeingatrueairplane.EvenSantos-DumontexpertslikeLinsdeBarrosconcede*thisiswrong.HesaysthatthesteadywindsatKittyHawkwerecrucialfortheFlyer'stakeoff,disqualifyingtheflightbecauseitprobablycouldnotliftoffonitsown.PeterJakab,chairmanoftheaeronauticsdivisionattheUSNationalAirandSpaceMuseumin/Washington,sayssuchclaimsarepreposterous*.BythetimeSantos-DumontgotaroundtohismaidenflighttheWrightbrothershadalreadyflownnumeroustimes,includingoneflightinwhichtheyflew39kilometers.EveninFrancetheWrightsareconsideredtohaveflownbeforeSantos-Dumont,saysClaudeCarlier,directoroftheFrenchCenterfortheHistoryofAeronauticsandSpace.ByroundingtheEiffelTowerinamotorizeddirigiblein.190I,Santos-Dumonthelpedprovethatairtravelcouldbecontrolled.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionAlbertoSantos-DumontwasawealthyBrazilianaviationpioneerwhocametoParis,France,attheageof18toliveandstudy.Heattemptedhisfirstballoonascentin1897andhadhisfirstsuccessfulascentin1898.Hebegantoconstructdirigibleairshipspoweredwithgasoline-poweredenginesin1898andbuiltandflewfourteenofthesmalldirigibles.In1901,heflewhishydrogen-filledairshipfromSt.Cloud,aroundtheEiffelTower,andbacktoSt.Cloud.ItwasthefirstsuchflightandwonhimtheDeutschPrizeandaprizefromtheBraziliangovernment.In1902,heattemptedtocrosstheMediterraneaninanairshipbutcrashedintothesea.In1909,heproducedhis"Demoiselle"or"Grasshopper"monoplane,theprecursortothemodernlightplane.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageanddecidewhethe