交通大学远程教育-大学英语课后练习题及答案

交通大学远程教育——大学英语课后练习题及答案交通大学远程教育——大学英语课后练习题及答案交通大学远程教育——大学英语课后练习题及答案资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月交通大学远程教育——大学英语课后练习题及答案版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Unit1PartTwo:ReadandPracticeReadandThinkII.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatarethemaintypeofairPollution?An.:Theseincludesmog,acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,and"holes"intheozonelayer.2.Wheredoesexhaustcomefrom?An.:Theexhaustcomesfromburningfuelsinautomobiles,homes,andindustries.3.Whyistheamountofcarbondioxideintheaircontinuingtoincrease?

An.:Carbondioxideisproducedwhenfuelsareburned.Plantsconvertcarbondioxidebacktooxygen,butthereleaseofcarbondioxidefromhumanactivitiesishigherthantheworld'splantscanprocess.Thesituationismadeworsesincemanyoftheearth'sforestsarebeingremoved,andplantlifeisbeingdamagedbyacidrain.4.CanpollutantsbecreatedbyindooractivitiesAn.:Yes.Somepollutantscanbecreatedbyindooractivitiessuchassmokingandcooking.5.Whatisthefirststeptosolveairpollution?An.:Thefirststeptosolveairpollutionisassessment.III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.Thereareseveralmaintypesofpollutionandwell-knowneffectsofpollution.Onetypeofairpollutionisthereleaseofparticlesintotheairfromburningfuelforenergy.Anothertypeofpollutionisthereleaseofharmfulgasesintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.Thegreenhouseeffectisalsoreferredtoasglobalwarming.Inmanycountriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostopthedamagetoourenvironmentfromairpollution.Theyhavesetcontrolsonpollutionemissionsfortransportationvehiclesandindustryandwemustmeetthechallengeinordertoassurethatahealthyenvironmentwillexistforourselvesandourchildren.ReadandCompleteIV.Spellthefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirmeaningsandfirstletters.essential a.absolutelynecessary.Vitallynecessary2.substance n.thatwhichhasmassandoccupiesspace3.significant a.important;ofconsequence;havingorexpressingameaning4.well-being n.acontentedstateorbeinghappyhealthyandprosperous5.exhaust n.gasesejectedfromanengineaswasteproducts6.convert v.tochangethenature,purpose,orfunctionofsomething7.reaction n.aprocessinwhichoneormoresubstancesarechangedintoothers8.derive v.toobtain;tocomefrom9.consequence n.theoutcomeofaneventespeciallyasrelativetoanindividual10.exposure n.thestateofbeingputintoasituationinwhichsomethingharmfulordangerousmightaffectyouV.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.1.Heexplainedthathisdelaywasduetoanaccident.2.Foreveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.3.Thisisoneofthemostsignificantstudiesofthesubject.4.Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.Inaddition,itcontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.5.Thepaintcameoffastheresultofexposuretotherain.VI.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsandexpressionsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.1.Werefertocopperandsilverasgoodconductors.2.Herepatienceisessential.3.Thecompanysupply,thechildreninthemountainareawithalotofbooks.4.Thesephenomenaareverycommonnow.5.TheseEnglishwordsderivefromGreek.6.Thestormcauseduntolddamagetothefarmer’sproduction.7.Theregioncontinuestosufferfromseriouspollution.8.Howdoyouconvertironintosteel?

9.ClimatechangecouldhaveseriousconsequencesforAfrica.10.Theharmfulsubstancesreleasedintotheenvironment.VII.Wordbuilding.Nowadd-entoeachofthewordsbelowandthencompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthefinishedwords.Sharp-sharpen;deep-deepen;high-heighten;bright-brighten;short-shorten;broad-broaden;wide-widen;quick-quicken;dark-darken;long-lengthen.1.Johnglancedathiswatchandquickenedhispace.2.Theroadbroadenedintoanimposingavenuelastyear.3.HisexpressionbrightenedwhenImentionedthemoney.4.Thegapbetweenincomeandexpenditurehaswidenedto10%.5.Theyaretalkingaboutshorteningtheworkingweek.6.Thebadnewsdarkenedtheirviewofthesituation.7.It’sanopportunityforyoungpeopletodeepentheirunderstandingoftheworld.8.Theteacheradvisespupilstosharpenalltheirpencilsbeforethetest.9.Thedirectorusesmusictoheightentensioninthescene.10.Thedayslengthenedassummerapproached.VIII.PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentences.1.示例：Airsuppliesuswithoxygenwhichisessentialforourbodiestolive.Treesandflowerscansupplyuswithfreshairandbeautifulview.这家公司的任务是向周围的住户供应煤气。译：Thetaskofthiscompanyistosupplythehomesaroundwithgas.他们向受洪灾地区(theflood-strickenarea)的人们提供了食品援助(aids)。译：Theysuppliedthepeopleintheflood-strickenareawithfoodaids.2.示例：Thistypeofpollutionissometimesreferredtoas“blackcarbon”pollution.HeisreferredtoasalivingShakespeare.他们称他是一位政治家。译：Theyreferredtohimasapolitician.那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领(whitecollar)工人”。译：Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyrefertoas“whitecollarworkers”.3.示例：Thesecantakepartinfurtherchemicalreactionsoncetheyareintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.Onceyoustart,youwillnevergiveup.钱一旦花光了，我们就回不了家了。译：Oncethemoneyhasgone,wecannotgobackhome.一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！译：Onceprinted,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!4.示例：Onlythroughtheeffortsofscientists,businessleaders,legislators,andindividualscanwereducetheamountofairpollutionontheplanet.

Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.孩子们只有在长大了之后，才能明白父母的辛苦。译：Onlyafterthechildrengrewupcouldtheyunderstandtheirparents'hardworking.我们只有在山顶上才能看到整座城市的美景。译：Onlyatthetopofthemountaincanweseethebeautifulscenesofthewholecity.5.示例：Thischallengemustbemetbyallofusinordertoassurethatahealthyenvironmentwillexistforourselvesandourchildren.Nothingcanassurepermanenthappiness.他向我保证他已经完成了。译：Heassuredmethathehadfinished.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。译：Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.IX.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．我们为顾客提供各种优质商品。译：Wesupplyourcustomerswithavarietyofgoodswithhighquality.2．应该采取适当的措施保护当地的环境和历史。译：Properstepsshouldbetakentoprotectlocalenvironmentandhistory.3．只有用这种方式，你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。译：Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnformyourmistakes.4．在大城市，空气污染是个大问题，尤其是在发展中国家。译：Airpollutionisabigprobleminlargecities,especiallyindevelopingcountries.5．此外，为了解决污染问题，我们应该限制私人轿车的数量而增加公共汽车的数量。译：Inaddition,inordertosolvethepollutionproblem,weshouldlimitthenumberofprivatecarswhileincreasethenumberofpublicbuses.X.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Eachoftheseproblemshasseriouseffectsonourhealthandwell-beingaswellasonthewholeenvironment.译：这些问题已严重影响到我们的健康和幸福，也影响到整个环境。2．Itiscausedbychemicalreactionsbetweenpollutantsderivedfromdifferentsources,primarilyautomobileexhaustandindustrialemissions.译：它是由来源不同的污染物之间的化学反应所导致，这些污染物主要是汽车尾气和工业废气。3．Inmanycountriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostopthedamagetoourenvironmentfromairpollution.译：全世界许多国家正采取措施以制止空气污染对环境的破坏。4．Citiesareoftencentersofthesetypesofactivities,andmanysufferfromtheeffectsofsmog,especiallyduringthewarmmonthsoftheyear.译：城市往往是这类活动的中心。许多人深受烟雾之害，尤其是在一年中温暖的几个月中。5．Researchershaveinvestigatedoutdoorairpollutionandhavedevelopedstandardsformeasuringthetypeandamountofsomeseriousairpollutants.译：研究人员已经调查了室外的空气污染，并制定了标准以计量一些导致严重后果的空气污染物的种类和数量。XI.Readingcomprehension.*Inthisexercise,thereisapassagefollowedbysomemultiple-choicequestions.Readthequestionsfirst,andthenthepassage.Don'tworryaboutanynewwordsaslongasyouunderstandthemeaningwellenoughtoanswerthequestions.Thenanswerthequestionsbymakingthebestchoiceforeachone.Oursurroundingsarebeingpollutedfasterthanthenatureandman'spresenteffortscannotpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,morecars,largercities,andgrowinguseofman-madematerials.WhatcanexplainandsolvethisproblemThefactisthatthepollutioniscausedbyman—byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.Wemake"increasingindustrialization"ourchiefaim.Soweareoftenreadytooffereverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofourmodernsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.IsittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhyItmakesonethinkofthestoryabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloud-speaker:"I'vesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwe'relostanddon'tknowwherewe'regoing."Thesadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenwespeakofourmodernsociety.Mancannotpreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbecause____________.An.:C.wehavemoreindustryPeoplecrowdintothecitiesfor____________.An.: B.theyareanxioustoenjoytheachievementsofoursocietyAccordingtothepassage,whatdoesmanvalue（看重）mostamongthefollowing?

An.: A.Industry.Thestoryabouttheairlinepilottellsusthat____________.An.: D.thewriterisworriedaboutthefutureofoursocietyWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?An.: B.Lowerthespeedofdevelopmenttostoppollution.PartThree:WriteandProduceExercisesI.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"TheCityinWhichILive".TheCityinWhichILiveIliveinBeijing.ItisChina'ssecondlargestcityintermsofpopulation,afterShanghai.Itisamajortransportationcenter,withdozensofrailways,roadsandexpresswaysenteringandleavingitinalldirections.Beijingisrecognizedasthepolitical,educational,andculturalcenterofChina.TherearesuchplentyofbeautifulbuildingsandspotlightsastheGreatWall,SummerWiththemodern,developedtrafficsystem,wefinditquiteeasytoliveinthiscity.Therearealsomanyshoppingcenters,supermarketsandentertainmentcenters,whichleadtoacomfortablelifeinBeijing.Butthepopulationofthecityisincreasingrapidly.Sometimes,thetrafficisbusy.Itmaybringyousomedisappointment.Itisobviousthattheairpollutionisbeingworseandworse.Thelivingenvironmentisn'tasniceasbefore.II.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"MyFavoritePerson".MyFavoritePersonNowadays,manyteenagershaveidolsoftheirown,someofthemlikemoviestars,somelikepopsingers.Ialsohaveanidol,butthepersonIadmireisnotastar,it'smymother.Sheisagenerous,goodnaturedandwarm-heartedwoman.Whenshesmiles,herwholefacelightsup;hereyessparkled;Hersmilemakesmefeelgood,atease,somehowreassured.Sheisgoodatcooking.Sheoftentreatsmewithdeliciousdinners.WhenIhavetrouble,Ioftenturntoherforhelp.Shealwayslistenstomepatientlyandencouragesmetodomybest.Sheusedtosay"Itdoesn'tmatterifyouwinornot.Theimportantthingistodoyourbestandkeepgoing."Myfavoriteperson,anordinarytraditionalChinesewoman,butsheisthegreatestwomaninmymind.Iwishmymotherhasahappylifeeveryday.Ilovemymother.PartFour:PickupyourgrammarExercisesI.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.Canyoufindout____________herpen?An.:C.whereAlicehasput2.Youcan'timagine____________whentheyreceivedthesegifts.An.:B.howexcitedtheywere3.Iwillgivethisbookto____________wantstohaveit.An.:B.whoever4.Idoubt____________hewilllendyouthebook.An.:A.whether5.Wemustdowell____________thebossassignsustodo.An.:B.whatever6.Hanshasanewcar.Iwonderwhen____________it.An.:A.hebought7.Ihavenotfoundmybookyet.Infact,I'mnotsure____________Icouldhavedonewithit.An.:D.what8.ThereasonIplantogois____________ifIdon't.An.:B.thatshewillbeunhappy9.Themusicwassoloud.That's____________heleftthepartysoearly.An.:B.why10.Doyouknow____________

An.:C.whattimethepartystarts11.Thereasonwe'resolateis____________.An.:C.thatthecarbrokedown12.Do____________youaretold;otherwiseyouwillbepunished.An.:B.what13.Thisis____________Iwanttotellyou.An.:D.what14.Studentsinhisclasscannotunderstand____________.An.:C.whatthissentencemeans15.Wedon'tdoubt____________hecanmakeagoodjobofit.An.:B.thatII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.我想知道他是否会同意我的计划。An.:Iwonderwhether/ifhewillagreeonmyplan.2.问题是这部电影是否值得一看。An.:Thequestioniswhetherthisfilmisworthwatching.3.我们不知道谁会来当英语老师An.:Wedon'tknowwhowillbeourEnglishteacher.4.她建议他们下个月买辆新车。An.:Shesuggeststhattheybuyanewcarnextmonth.5.你知道这本字典是谁的吗？An.:Doyouknowwhosedictionaryitis?

6.她说她很快就会出国。An.:Shesaid(that)shewouldgoabroadsoon.7.这就是为什么玛丽着急的原因。An.:ThisiswhyMarywasworried.8.老师告诉孩子们什么时候将举行运动会。An.:Theteachertoldthechildrenwhenthesportsmeetingwouldbeheld.9.我们都知道地球围绕太阳转这个真理。An.:Weallknowthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.10.父母决定孩子们在什么地方露营。An.:Theparentswilldecidewherethekidsaregoingtogocamping.11.我知道他们是谁的学生。An.:Iknowwhosestudentstheyare.12.那就是他上大学的时候。An.:Thatwaswhenhewenttotheuniversity.13.我想知道美国人是怎么过周末的。An.:IwonderhowtheAmericansspendtheirweekends.14.母亲说星期天要来看我，让我在家等她。An.:Mothersaid(that)shewillpaymeavisitonSundayand(that)Ishouldwaitforherathome.15.我们必须决定什么时候动身。An.:Wehavetodecidewhenwewillsetoff.Unit2PartTwo:ReadandPracticeReadandThinkII.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatdothethreeRsmean?An.:Reinforce:reinforcingreliefandadaptationbeforetheeventthroughgoodplanningcommunicationandregulations;Rescue:executinganeffectiverescueduringthecrisis;Recovery:supportingalong-termregionalrecoverytolessenthedisruptivesocialandeconomicimpacts.2.Whatlevelsareincludedinrescue?An.:Rescueoperatesattwolevels:governmentandsociety.3.Whatshouldthegovernmentdointherescueoperation?An.:First,thegovernmentshouldgiveclear,feasiblecommandandcontrolstructure;second,itshouldprovidegoodcommunicationsbetweenrescuersandthoseaffected.4.Whatshouldthesocietydointhereinforceoperation?An.:Thesociety,ontheonehand,shouldraisepublicawarenessofdisasterplanandcitizenparticipation;ontheotherhand,societyshouldestablishlarge,awaresocialnetworks.5.WhatdidChinadotodealwithtyphoonswhichhitcoastalsoutheastChinainthesummerof2006?

An.:Attheheightofthebiggesttyphoon,thegovernmentusedallmeanspossible,includingTV,theinternetandtextmessagestogetthewordoutaboutescaperoutes.Inall,morethan1.5millionpeoplewereevacuated,40,000shipswererecalledtoportsandallbusiness"notrelatedtofightingthetyphoon"wassuspended.Societydidnotbreakdownandalllevelsofgovernment,includingthemilitary,cametogethertoeffectivelylimitadditionalcostandsuffering.III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.Thehuman,economic,political,andsecuritycostofenvironmentalchangecanbecutdownatthreestages:reinforce,rescueandrecovery,eachofwhichoperatesattwolevels:governmentandsociety.Itisworthnoting,however,thatcountrieswithastronggovernmentresponseneedtobecarefultoincludethepopulationintheresilience,rescueandrecoveryprocess,otherwiseitwillendupwithapopulationthatisincapableofself-reliance.Thereexistawiderangeofadaptivecapabilities,andsomeoftherichestcountriescanlearnfromafewofthepoorest.Therearealsovariedmeasuresthatcanbetakenduringtherecoveryphasetohelplong-termstability.Inaworldofenvironmentalchange,limitinglosswillbejustasimportantaspromotinggrowth.ReadandCompleteIV.Spellthefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirmeaningsandfirstletters.1.security n.thestateofbeingfreefromdangerorinjury2.effective a.abletoaccomplishapurpose3.reinforce v.tomakestronger4.adaptation n.theprocessofadaptingtosomething(suchasenvironmentalconditions5.adequate a.enoughtomeetapurpose6.disaster n.aneventresultingingreatlossandmisfortune7.rescue n.recoveryorpreservationfromlossordanger8.crisis n.anunstablesituationorextremedangerordifficulty9.lessen v.todecreaseinsize,extent,orrange10.route n.anestablishedlineoftraveloraccessV.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.1.Theseplantswillnotsurvivewithoutsun.2.Pleasediscusswhethertheseproposalsarefeasible3.There’salifevestunderyourseatforwateremergencies4.Theymakeaquickresponsetohisinquiry5.Peopleoftenfocusonbuildingrelationshipswithothersthattheyforgettheessentialfirststep:beingfriendsofthemselves.VI.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsandexpressionsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.1.Thecity'sroadsystemisincapableofhandlingthecurrentvolumeoftraffic.2.Ifthecorporationwantstoincreaseitsprofit,itmustreduceoperatingexpense.3.Theconstructionofthebridgehasbeensuspendedduetothesnowstorm.4.SomeofthemdidnotgetachancetoseetheOlympicflamebecauseoftheroutechanges,butwe,indeed,feeltheirpassionforChinaandtheOlympics.5.Ingeneralmostworkerswereinfavorofa(n)incentiveschemeofferingfinancialrewards.6.Acollege-levelcourseofstudyintendedtoprovidestudentswithgeneralacademicknowledgeratherthanoccupationaltraining.7.Therescueworkers'attentionisnowturningtowardstherecoveryofbodiesfromtherubbleandprovidingfood,shelteranddrinkingwaterforthesurvivors.8.Hehidesbehinddoororcreepsunderatabletoescapefromhisenemies.9.Hesometimesemploysstudentstodistributesamplesoftheirproducts.10.Thisyear'sAsianoildemandintotalwillamountto582,000morebarrelsofoiladay.VII.Wordbuilding.Nowadd-ifytoeachofthewordsbelowandthencompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthefinishedwords.Pure-purify;simple-simplify;beautiful-beautify;test-testify;just-justify;dignity-dignify;magnitude-magnify;notice-notify;identity-identify;clarity-clarify;1.Thisreporttendstomagnifytherisksinvolved.2.Themanagerisgoingtobeautifytheworkshop'sinnerdecoration.3.Trytosimplifyyourexplanationforthechildren.4.Youwillbenotifiedofanychangesinthesystem.5.Icannotdignifyhimwiththename"physician".6.I'minchargehere;Idon'thavetojustifymyselftoyou.7.Canyoutestifythatyousawthedefendantatthesceneofthecrime?

8.Thereportaimstoclarifyhowtheseconclusionswerereached.9.Theliquidispurifiedbypassingitthroughcharcoal.10.Scientistshaveidentifiedthegenethatcausesabnormalgrowth.VIII.PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentences.1.示例：Thus,sixareasaremadethatcanbeworkedontocreatebetterdefensesagainstenvironmentalchange.Inthenextseveralyearstherecanbe10differentresearchgroupworkontheproject.这些年来，科学家们一直致力于改善环境的研究。译：Throughtheyears,thescientistshavebeenworkingontheresearchofimprovingtheenvironment.我愿借此机会感谢每一位为这个项目辛勤工作的人。译：I'dliketotakethisopportunitytothankeveryonefortheirhardworkontheproject.2.示例：ByAugust11,ithadbeenhitbyeighttyphoons,includingthemostpowerfuloneinhalf-a-century.HowmanyEnglishsongshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?

到十岁时，他已学了约1000个英语单词。译：Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearntabout1,000Englishwords.到上周末他们已完成了工作。译：Theyhadfinishedtheirworkbytheendoflastweek.3.示例：Attheheightofthebiggesttyphoon,thegovernmentusedallmeanspossible,includingTV,theInternetandtextmessagestogetthewordoutaboutescaperoutes.Shewasattheheightofsuccessindivingattheageof17.在暴风雨最狂烈的时候，我听到有人喊救命。译：Attheheightofthestorm,Iheardsomeonecryingforhelp.当初他红极一时。译：Hewasthenattheheightofhispopularity.4.示例：Whatisneededistoprovideinformationandadequateresponsepatternsthroughoutpopulations.Whatthepresshasreportedisonlythetipoficeberg.造成这场事故的原因仍然是个谜。译：Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.我们得不到的似乎比我们拥有的好得多。译：Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.5.示例：Reliefoperationswerecarriedoutacross15locations,reaching20000people.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.她坐在窗户旁边读报纸。译：Shesatbythewindow,readinganewspaper.他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。译：Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.IX.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．他们既不追名，又不求利。译：Theyseekneitherfamenorfortune.2．只有通过这种办法，我才能在今天下午5点到这里。译：Onlybythismeanswillyoubeherebyfiveo'clockthisafternoon.3．火车下午6点开，所以我最晚5：40赶到车站。译：Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestationby5:40atthelatest.4．他所说的并不重要，重要的是都知道这些规则译：Whathesaysisnotimportant.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.5．只要你觉得某事值得去做，就一定要把它做好，否则你会后悔的。译：Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell,otherwiseyou'llregretit.X.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Over1,700peoplediedintotal,morethan5millionhomesand323,750squarekilometersoffarmlandweredestroyed,andtherewasatleastUS$20billionindamages.译：死亡人数超过1700人，超过500万所住宅和32.375万平方公里农田被毁，损失至少为200亿美元。2.Itisworthnoting,however,thatcountrieswithastronggovernmentresponseneedtobecarefultoincludethepopulationintheresilience,rescueandrecoveryprocess,otherwiseitwillendupwithapopulationthatisincapableofself-reliance.译：然而值得注意的是，那些政府回应能力强的国家必须要在民众中认真地建立一个弹性、救援和恢复的进程，否则就会因为人民缺乏自救能力而失败。3.Societydidnotbreakdownandalllevelsofgovernment,includingthemilitary,cametogethertoeffectivelylimitadditionalcostandsuffering.译：社会没有崩溃，所有级别的政府单位，包括军队，都同心协力，有效地控制了不必要的损失和后果。4.Socialorganizations,non-governmentorganizationsandindustryhousesplayedasignificantroleinreliefdistributionincoordinationwiththegovernment.译：社会组织﹑非政府组织和工厂企业与政府配合，在分发救济品的行动中发挥了重要的作用。5.Lawandorderremainedstable,andthecitizensneitherresortedtoanunusualdisplayofanti-socialbehavior,norweresubjecttounusualforcebyafrightenedadministration.译：法律和秩序保持了稳定，群众既没有发生非常规的侵犯行为，政府也没有实施恐慌的非常管理。XI.Readingcomprehension.Inthispart,thereisapassagefollowedbysomemultiple-choicequestions.Readthequestionsfirst,andthenthepassage.Don'tworryaboutanynewwordsaslongasyouunderstandthemeaningwellenoughtoanswerthequestions.Thenanswerthequestionsbymakingthebestchoiceforeachone.Forages,sailorshavesaidthatitisgoodlucktoseedolphinsswimmingalongsideboats.Theirpresencemeantthatlandwasnear,whichwouldbevitalinformationifaboatandhercrewwereindanger.Somedolphinshaveevenprotectedshipwreckedsailorsfromsharks.Itisnowonderthattheseuniqueandfascinatingcreatureshavelongbeenknownasourfriends.Youmaythinkdolphinsarefish,buttheyareactuallymammals.Theyarerelatedtowhalesandporpoises,andtheyevolvedaround10millionyearsago.Dolphinsbreatheair,givebirthtoliveyoung,andfeedthemmilk.Theyaresocialanimals,livingtogetheringroupsranginginsizeofupto12.Inplacesrichinfood,manyschoolscancombinetogethertoformschoolsofupto1,000dolphins.Dolphinsarethoughttobeintelligentanimalsbecauseoftheirplayfulness,curiosity,andquickabilitytolearn.Theyseemtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughacombinationofsqueaks,whistles,andclicks.Whilescientistsdon'tknowwhattheyaregoingonabout,itisthoughtthatdolphinsaretellingeachotherthatfoodisnearby,orwarningeachotherofapproachingdanger.Dolphinsusesonartodiscoveranobject'ssize,shape,andlocation.Bysendingoutaseriesofclicksandreceivingtheechothatbouncesofftheobject,theycandifferentiatebetweenasharkandaboat.Unfortunately,dolphinshavefacedincreasingdangerinrecentyears.Fishermeninpursuitofprofitabletunamayaccidentallytrapdolphinsintheirnets,killingthemintheprocess.Theseintelligentmammalsoftheseadeserveourprotectionandrespect.1.Dolphinshavebeenhuman'sfriendsbecauseof____________.An.:DbothAandB2.Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutdolphinisnottrue?An.:ADolphinslayeggsunderthesea.3.Howdodolphinscommunicatewithoneanother?An.:DThroughvariousnoises.4.Accordingtothearticle,whatmakesathreattodolphins?An.:DFishermen.5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?An.:BWeshouldtakesomeactionstostopkillingdolphins.PartThree:WriteandProduceExercisesI.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"ABookWhichAffectsMeMost".ABookWhichAffectsMeMostIenjoyreadingdifferentkindsofbooks,butGonewithWindisabookwhichaffectsmemost.I'mdeeplytouchedbyScarlett,whoisadark-haired,green-eyedgirl.ShestrugglesthroughthehardshipoftheCivilWarandReconstruction.Sheiscleverandbrave.Determinationdefinesheranddriveshertoachieveeverythingshedesiresbyanymeansnecessary.Shenevergivesuptodifficulties.Itisherstrongbeliefthatmakeshersuccessintheend.Shedoesherbesttotrescueherhome.Sheteachesmealivelylessonthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.II.Writeacompositionbasedonthetopic"AnUnforgettableTrip".AnUnforgettableTripIwasgladthatItraveledYellowMountainthissummerwithmyfriends.Itwasahardandunforgettabletrip.Onthefirstday,ourbusbrokedownonhalfwaythere.Wefeltwewerenearlyburntbecauseofthehotweather.Duringthefollowingdays,wecouldn'tgetenoughsleepandweclimbedthemountainforatmost8hours.Itissaidthatstrangepines,absurdstones,seaofcloudsandhotspringsarethefourwondersofYellowMountainPartFour:PickupyourgrammarExercisesI.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.Iwassu