2014年理工类阅读重点文章

第二十五篇Eatto第十九MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience（C）第二十九篇I'llBeBach（B）第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety（B）第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（B）第三十篇Digital第三十四篇BatteriesBuilt 第四十八篇ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingEattoAmeagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit'snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon'tstarttodietuntiloldage. theUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse'slivergenescanbemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Teticrejuvenationwon'treverseotherdamagecausedbytimfor课thbutcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridof fedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feedforamonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction—probablybadnewsformousehealth.Inthemicethathaddietedalltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.“Thisisthefirstindicationthattheeeffectskickinprettyquickly,”saysHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashington,D.Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,busSpindlerishopeful.“There'sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays.Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Aswegetolder,outbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdrugsforexampleAbriefperiodoftimeofdietingsays需indler,cobeenoughtomakesureadrugis ButSpindlerisn'tsurethetrade-offisworthit.“Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelongerbutthey'rehungry,”hesays.“Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it'sstillhardtogotoarestaurantandsay:'Icanonlyeathalfofthat'.”Spindlerhopeswesoonwon'tneedtodietatall.Hiscompany,LifeSpanGeneticsinCalifornia,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction.练习Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTEatinglessthanusualmightmakeusliveIfwegoonadietwhenold,wemaykeepDietingmightnotbeWehavetobegindietingfromWhydoestheauthormentionanelderlymouseinparagraphTodescribetheinfluenceofoldageonToillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodon lushowmice'slivergenesToinformusoftheprocessofmetabolizingWhatcanbeinferredaboutcompleynormallyfedmice信ntheTheywillnotexperiencefreeradicalTheywillexperiencemoregeneticrejuvenationintheirTheyhavemoreoldlivergenestobehavelikeyoungTheyaremorelikelytosufferfromAccordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmostinterestedtheThemicethatstarteddietinginold27ofthose46oldgenesthatcontinuedtobehavelikeyoungCalorierestrictionthatworksinDietingthatmakessureadrugisAccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Spindlerbelievescalorierestrictionisveryimportanttoyoungseeingtheeffectofadiet,peoplewilleatlessthandietingisnotagoodmethodtogiveushealthandlongdrugsdonothavetheeffectsofcalorie译Eatto粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣--很有可能也必要。即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住 加加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬o斯潘德尔及其同事发现鼠就会变得和衰。虽然老鼠的肝恢力不会逆转它们在其方面的老化，但是却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除素斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料，而给70岁）喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠的饲料是正常的研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏11,000的活性，发现正饲养的老46随的改变而改变。这些改变都与炎症体内自由基的产生有关--这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而都在节食的老鼠来说，那46需件持着青但是最令人吃惊的发现知期的老鼠们受益于70% 变异边的国家老年学学院的哈勃o华纳说。至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠样有效，但是斯潘德尔对此充满了希望："表明这同样有效。如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢力。但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。"老鼠患斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司，加利福尼亚州遗传学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物答案与题解D第一段第一句讲“节食可能不是非做不可的事”，要联系上了年纪再节食，我们仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青信力此，“须从小就开始节食”是错误的，D是答案会发生变化，这种变化与炎症和有机体组织无限激增有关”因此正确A第四段最后一个句子讲“老能从70的变化中受益”“最惊人的”自然是“最令研究感的”。CSpinder

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEncs请i系teShimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech'sCenterforMusicTechnology, mendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumbasedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enableds,one-foot-tallrobotisbilledasaninteractive"musicalfriend"."Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheirmusic,"saidProfessorGilWeinberg,therobot'screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsShimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedocked,therobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere'san"app"forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone'scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits"ears",orspeakers,foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimiyzesit,scansthephone'smusicallibraryand yplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestionsemusicstartsShimidancestothe "Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,"saidMusicTechnologyPh.D.candidateMasonBretan."Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive."FutureappsintheworkswillallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytomendnewmusicbasedontheuser'ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplayWeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi'screativeandinteractivecapabilities."Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes."Weinbergsaid,WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwillGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason."Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes,wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines-small,entertainingandfun,"Weinbergsaid."Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreinligentservicerobotsinourlives.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingto需thefirst AShimiisaone-foottallBShimiisthecreatorofthemusicalCShimiisadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidDShimicangainthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.WhatdoesShimiftheusertapsaAItstoresthebeatinthemusicalBIttransmitsthebeattothedockingCItPositionsitsspeakersforoptimalDItselectsaperfectly-matchedsongandplaysitinsyncwiththatWhichofthefollowingaboutShimiisARobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,andShimiisnoexception.BPresentappsallowtheusertoshaketheirheadtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsong.CExistingappsallowtheusertowaveabandtoalert要hii系tup/downthe DShimicanbecreativeandWhatdoestheauthorwant lATheresearchcenterisdeveloastrongerandmoreversatileBWeinbergonlyexpectsstaffsfromGeorgiaTech.todevelopmoreappsforShimi.CShimiisnotyettechnologicallyreadyforDRobotssuchasShimiarecreatedforlargecorporationsratherthanWhichofthefollowingisWeinberg'sAShimiasaroboticmusicalcompanioncanbeappliedtoalltypesofsmartphones.BhumanliveswillbefilledwithmorefunifShimiisgoingtoarriveinhomes.CShimi'screativeandinteractivecapabilitiesareappreciatedbymostofitsusers. commercializeShimi.第十九篇第十九篇MusicalRoboCompanionEnhances 乐、认识音乐的方式。"627日在旧金山的谷歌I/O大会上展示这款机器人。Shimi实际上是一个扩充基座，它的"大脑"由安卓控制。一旦连接上，机器人便从用过的照相机和辨认脸型的软件，Shimi就能在房间周围到听众，然后安置好它的"要求的音乐。一旦音乐响起来，Shimi就随韵律起舞。和与人交互的能力。"音乐技术博士MasonBretan如是说。正在研发中的程序将使用Weinberg希望其他研发者会因此获得灵感，开发的应用程序，来扩展Shimi的创新和交互功能。他说："我认为我们中心正在引领这场将机器人应用到家庭中去的。"ComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan'tlthedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashavingtroublethinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnoteasytolistento.WhatdidCopedo?Hebegantorethinkhowhumanbeingscomposemusic.Herealizedthatcomposers'brainsworklikebigdatabases.First,theytakeinallthemusicthattheyhaveeverheard.Thentheytakeoutthemusicthattheydislike.Finally,theymakenewmusicfromwhatisleft.AccordingtoCope,onlythegreatcomposersareabletocreatethedatabaseaccuray,rememberit,andformnewmusicalpatternsfromit.Copebuiltahugedatabaseofexistingmusic.HebeganwithhundredsofworksbyBach.Thesoftwareyzedthedata:itbrokeitdownintosmallerpiecesandlookedforpatterns.Itthencombinedthepiecesinto tterns.Beforelong,

composeshortBach-likeworks.Theyweren'tgoodbut通twasCopeknewhehadmoreworktodo-hehadawholeoperatowrite.Hecontinuedtoimprovethesoftware.Splexmusic.Healsoaddedmanyothercomposers,includinghisownwork,tothedatabase.,Afewyearslater,Cope'scomputerprogram,called"Emmy",wasreadytohelphimwithhisopera.TheprocessrequiredalotofcollaborationbetweenthecomposerandEmmy.Copelistenedtothecomputer'smusicalideasandusedtheonesthatheliked.WithEmmy,theoperatookonlytwoweekstofinish.ItwascalledCradleFalling,anditwasagreatsuccess!Copereceivedsomeofthebestreviewsofhiscareer,butnooneknewexactlyhowhehadcomposedthework.Sincethatfirstopera,Emmyhaswrittenthousandsofcompositions.CopestillgivesEmmyfeedbackonwhathelikesanddoesn'tlikeofhermusic,butsheisngmostofthehardworkofcomposingthesedays!l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisAclassical Bpop C DcountryBydeveloacomputersoftware,DavidCopeAtobelikeBtostudyCtowriteanDtocreateamusicalWhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposer'sAItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyBItwritesacomputerCItcanrecognizeanymusicDItcreatesanaccurateWhoisAaBacomputerCacomposerwhohelpedDanWecaninferfromthepassageADavidCopeisacomputerBDavidCopelovesCBach'smusichelpedhimaDEmmydidmuoreworkthana的作品。科普花了30年才完成这个软件，现在，科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲家J.S.巴赫写的作品很相人能分这一切始于1980年的，那时科普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作出新的旋律于是他编写了一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？他幵新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲家的大脑就像课联 他们先是吸收他 听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们不微知，再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为，只有伟大的作曲科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据庳，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片段组合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美，但这只是个开始。科普知道，他要做的还有很多,他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件，不久它就能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中几年后，科普的软件“艾米”要作曲家和艾米共同配合。科普聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科蓊只用了两个星期就完成了这生以来最高的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样创作出这部歌剧吿诉她自己哪些音乐是他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来完成的！

2.C从第二段的第一句可以看出，David编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。3.D第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者Emmy大大提高了David的创作速度，最后一句，大部分的工作都由Emmy来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。第四十 TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety理工（B级Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsattheUniversityofChicagol1SianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachers fortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsat"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxious

需要课件请23gradesitmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachieeetsLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers4.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn--andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Researchersusetheword"anxiety"todescribesuchfeelings:anxietyisuneasinessorworry.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststolwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt5.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasale课re请it,example,wasprobablyanxiousabout Boys,oage,wereunaffectedbyateacher'sanxiety.Oage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath--andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety."Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample6,"saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouri7inColumbia.练习 theUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?Girlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysat fortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.Femaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathisted请isted请ogimathWhatisimpliedinthethirdMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingthesubject.TeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachAccordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfeltnervousmemorizingthenumbersofasaleshelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesuneasyreadingthenumbersofasaleshopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesThesixth lsusthattheresearchproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathachievements.showthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedyteirmanxietythanfemale providestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.discoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'mathachievements.DavidGearythinksthestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchtheresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargertheresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobethestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificant第四十篇教数学，教焦虑在一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的心理学家SianBeilock和Susan"如果一直由对数学有焦虑的女教师教授数学，就会对她们的数学成绩产生雪球效应"，

位在中西部教一二年级的教师。学生们在学年的开始和结束时 平均来师的焦虑不会影响到男孩子。但是，一般说来，如果教子的教师有数学来自密苏里大学的心理学家DavidGeary说"这是一个有趣的研究，但是这只是初步结1.D该段告诉我们女教师的想法（whatfemaleteachersthink）（whatfemalestudentslearn）之间有很大的关联度，也就是说，女教师如果对自己的数学技能没有自信，女学生很可能相信男孩子会在数学方面超过particularlydifficultforeveryone)，如同学生，教师也会觉得数学难学和难教，这3.C第五段第三句“Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt”了答案。memorizingthenumbers；意为“记住数字”；savingthenumbers意为“保存数字”；fillinginthenumbers意为“陆续编入数字”，而且文中没有提到asalesreport；它们均不是答案。（girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredloweron-of-the-yearmathtests)，女教师（allofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.)D所以不是正确的选因为只提到teachers和students,而不是femaleteachers和femalestudents。5.BDavidGeary的说法，实验结果还是初步的（preliminary)，需要更大的样本对其进行重复验证（inneedofreplicationwithalargersample)。他没有认为AD第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（理工通Evenwiththebestwill1intheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingpreventglobalwarming.Ithas eclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,byernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough.Fortunay,iftheworstcomestotheworse,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves有锦囊妙计.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatisAgrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale“geoengineering”projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwarming.“Iusetheogyofmethadone4,”saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.“Ifyouhaveaaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsoluyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthan.”3Basicallytheideaistoapply“sunscreen”tothewholeplanet.OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth:launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun’srays.It’scontroversial,butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth’ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun’srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebyofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.练习Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，theauthorthinksAstrongmeasureshavebeentakenby ernmenttopreventglobalBtoreducecarbonemissionsisanimpossibleCdespitethedifficultyscientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobalDactionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverheScientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon’twantpeopleAknowwhattheyareBfeeltheireffortsareCthinktheproblemhasbeenDseetherealWhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaaddictandAMethadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardBMethadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataCHospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaDMethadoneandarcequallyeffectiveintreatingaWhatisStephenSchneider’sideaofpreventingglobalATo ernmentstotakestrongerBToincreasethesunlightreachingtheCToapplysunscreentotheDTodecreasegreenhouseWhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen”,accordingtothelastAItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteracttheBItblockstheincidentenergyinthesun’sCItisacontroversialDItdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere大气译第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet（B）就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。很明显，即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。另一方面，受到和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不需要讨论这些措施，害怕人们会喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。至少目前是这样。越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质工程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。斯坦福大学的一位气象学家StephenSchneider是很早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。他说，“我把它比作美沙酮。如果你那里有一个上瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。正常住院治疗，那总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒霜。一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍光。这个想法备受争议，但最近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到这地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。全球气候模型表明，阻断百分之一点八的能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气候变暖现象。这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取最严段说，尽管如此，科学家还是有些办法，所以C是正确选择。

是错误选择，因为作者认为和一些了科学家所倡导的行动的实施 不是作者的观 是正确选择，因为第一段的最后一句“might implementedsoonenough”并不表明不能实现。C文章的第二段说，即使最糟糕的情况发生，科学家还是有几招的。但他们不希望讨论他们的招数，因为恐怕人们不再有感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力。所以C是正确选AStehgenSchneider教授将自己解决地球变时，服用是一种缓解毒瘾的有效方法。所以A是C文章最后一段的第一个句子提供的答D短文最后一段描述了“unsceen”如何解决地球变暖问题。尽管有争议，但是研究证明，“屏”能反射和阻碍阳光，起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。最后一段的第三和第四句是理解这个问题的关键。D不是文章所表达的内容，所以是正确答案。第三十 Digital realm,thenextbigad需要件请 bevoicerecognition.Therudimentsarelread “recognizespeech,”anditislikelytothinkyouwantitto“wreckanicebeach.”3Butinadecadeorsowe’llbeabletochatawayandmachineswillsoakitallin.Microchipswillbetrulyembeddedinourliveswhenwecantalktothem.Notonlytoourcomputers,we’llalsobeabletochatwithourautomobilenavigationsystems,ephoneconsoles,browsers,thermostats.VCRs,microwavesandanyotherdeviceswewanttobossThatwillopenthewaytothenextphaseofthedigitalage:artificialin ligence.Byourprovidingsomanythoughtsandpreferencestoourmachineseachday,they’llaccumulateenoughinformationabouthowwethinksothatthey’llbeabletomimicourminds仿anda ouragents.Scary,huh9?Butpotentiallyquiteuseful.Atleastuntiltheydecidetheydon’tneedusanymoreandstartbuildingevensmartermachinestheycanbossaround. beenMoore’s:that willdoubleinpowerandhalveinprice格减至一半every18monthsorso.BillGatesrulesbecauseearlyonheactedonassumptionthatcomputingpower—thecapacityofmicroprocessorsandmemorychips—wouldenearlyfree;hiscompanykeptchurning12outmoreandmorelines13ofcomplextomakeuseofthecheapbounty14.Thelawthatwillpowerthenextfewdecadesisthatthebandwidth(thecapacityoffiber-opticandotherpipelinestocarrydigitalcommunications)enearlyAlongwith15therecentadvancesindigitalswitchingandstoragetechnologies,this16mesnewspapers,youraunt’srecipesandhomes—willbeinstantlyavailableandemand.Anyonewillbeabletobeaproducerofanycontent;you’llbeabletocreateamovieormagazine,makeitavailabletotheworldandchargeforit,justlikeTimeWarner!Theresultwillbeatransitionfromamass-market18 to one.Insteadofcentralizedfactories studiosthatdistributeorbroadcastthesameproducttomillions,technologyisalreadyallowingproductstobetailoredto,eachuser.Youcansubscribetonewssourcesthatserveuponlytopicsandopinionsthatfityourfancy.Everythingfromshoestosteelcanbecustomizedtomeetindividual练习ThetechniquesofvoiceAarematureenoughforextensiveBareinitsinitialstageofCwillaidpeopletochatthroughDwillassistpeopletorecognizeeachother’sAccordingtothesecondparagraph,whenwereachthestageofartificialinligence（人工智AmachinescanbeouragentstheyunderstandourBmachineswillgiveorderstosmartermachinestheyCmachineswillnotneedusanyDmachineswillbeinligentenoughtobossWhat’sthebestdescriptionofGordonMoore’slawasmentionedinthethirdAItmotivatesthedevelopmentofthedigitalBBillGatesrulesthedigitalworldwiththeCItenablescomputingpower eDIthelpsthedevelopmentoftheWhatcanpeoplenafuturesceneasdescribedinthefourthAComposemusicandmakeitavailabletotheBMake andchargeforCWritebooksandsellDAlloftheWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofaalizedAThealizedmarkettendstobereplacedbythemassBThesameproductisdistributedtomillionsofCInaalizedmarket,productsaretailored调整使适应toeachDIndividualscancontrolcentralizedfactoriesand译而它也能完全理解我们的意思。当我们能与电脑维，扮演着人的角色。吓着了，哈？但这个设想的潜在迄今为止的数码时代的法则是由戈登·课每18个月左右电脑的功能加倍而价格减至稍早些，比尔·盖茨之所以能够操控着电脑界是因为他早就按照计算机的动力——微处理器和的价格会趋于零的假定行动；他和他的公司一直大量地销售越来越多的系列软件。而接下来的几十年中，新的法则会是光纤宽带及其他输送数码通讯的费用趋于零。随着数码启动和技术的发展，上述法则意味着未来所有的相关内容——、音乐、演出、书籍、资料、杂志、报纸，甚至你婶婶的菜谱和家庭——随时随地都可以立即。任何人都可以成为上述内容的者；你甚至也能创出一本杂志或是制作一部，提供给全世界的人并答案与题解

不件系因为根据整篇文章，尤其是第一段的内容，语音技然处于初始阶段，但在十年左右的时间里，这种技术将得到以C和D是错误的选项。A:(这样的智能机器是很有用的)除非发展到他们不再需要我们人类，并且开始制造他们能够指使的机器。这个句子表达的是人们不愿看到的情景，并不是人工智能的必然结果。所以，不能选择C、D。A第三段的第一句和该段第三句告诉我们，穆尔定律一直宽带的发展空间。所A是最佳选项。B、CD表达的内D:数字电子技术的未来将不但能提供式的内容。所以D是正确的选项。C最后一段的第二句提供了答第四十八篇ResearchersDiscover WalkingUprightMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseverydaareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon'tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RifromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences,havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape-onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees-towalkontwolegs."Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"saidDr.Riond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalTwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity's"outdoorlaboratory"inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut,whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.Thechimpanzees"behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcopulanutswereavailable,and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.Insuch petitionsettings,thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffour.Notonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresource,butalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheybyusingeverythingavailable-eventheirThesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockings

University",wasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrateandunpredictableresources.Here,35percentofthechimpanzees'activityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?AManypeoplequestionthesimplehumanactivitiesofwalkingandcarryingitems.BChimpanzee'sbehaviorsmaysuggestwhyhumanswalkontwoCHumanwalkinguprightisviewedasanadapt