翻译理论与实践(下)6-英汉合同翻译课件

实用文翻译1实用文翻译1翻译理论与实践（下）教学内容1.英汉请柬、通知翻译2.英汉证明、证书翻译3.英汉广告翻译4.英汉旅游景点翻译5.英汉企事业简介翻译6.英汉合同翻译7.英汉信用证翻译8.英汉其他实用文翻译2翻译理论与实践（下）教学内容1.英汉请柬、通知翻译2第六章.英汉合同翻译在贸易往来中，合同等法律文件的谈判、起草、成文以及翻译对每一笔交易来说都是必不可缺和至关重要的。作为二十一世纪英语专业的学生，必须懂得合同等法律文件的基本概念、主要特征、法律效力和翻译的基本技巧等等。3第六章.英汉合同翻译在贸易往来中，合同等法律一、合同的基本概念和结构

合同亦称契约，是具有法律约束力的承诺，表示当事人愿意承担权利和义务。合同是具有法律约束力的文件，一经签订，当事人各方均须严格执行。《中华人民共和国合同法》第二条规定：“合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。”4一、合同的基本概念和结构4Acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.Thepromisemaybetodosomethingortorefrainfromdoingsomething.Themakingofacontractrequiresthemutualassentoftwoormorepersons,oneofthemordinarilymakinganofferandanotheraccepting.Ifoneofthepartiesfailstokeepthepromise,theotherisentitledtolegalrecourseagainsthim.Thelawofcontractshastodowithsuchquestionsaswhetheracontractexists,whatthemeaningofitis,whetheracontracthasbeenbroken,andwhatcompensationisduetheinjuredparty.(TheNewEncyclopediaBritannica,15thedition,publishedbyEncyclopediaBritannica,Inc.1977,Vol.5,P.124)

5Acontract,inthesimples合同的种类虽然繁多，但就其基本结构来说是一致的，一般包括三部分：前言、正文和结尾，也可以称为约首、正文和约尾。概括起来，合同所涉及的基本内容主要包括以下几条：1.Thecorporateorpersonalnamesofthecontractpartiesandtheirnationalities,principleplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddresses;合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业所或住所；2.Dateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract;合同签订的日期、地点；6合同的种类虽然繁多，但就其基本结构来说是一致的，一般3.Typeofthecontractandthekind,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同的类型和合同标的种类、范围；4.Technicalconditions,quality,standard,specificationsandquantitiesofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同标的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量；5.Timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;履行的期限、地点和方式；6.Termsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalcharge;价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附带的费用；73.Typeofthecontractandth7.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment;合同能否转让或者合同转让的条件；8.Compensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract;违反合同的赔偿和其他责任；9.Waysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontract;合同发生争议时的解决方法；10.Languagestobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness.合同使用的文字及效力。87.Whetherthecontractcould二、合同的基本种类这里主要讨论国际商务合同，即所谓的涉外合同。根据国际贸易商品流通的各种做法，称为贸易方式。不同的贸易方式就会产生不同的合同，按照贸易方式的性质和内容的不同可以将合同主要分为以下几大类：9二、合同的基本种类91、销售或购货合同2、技术转让合同3、合资或合营合同4、补偿贸易合同5、国际工程承包合同6、代理协议7、来料加工合同8、多种贸易方式相结合的合同1010三、合同的语言特征

就其性质而言，合同可以说是一种法律文书，依法订立的合同一经各方签字，即具有法律效力，并对合同各方当事人都具有约束力，未经一方同意，合同内容不得随意变更，否则就算违约。因此，起草、翻译合同时各方都应慎之又慎，对合同语言必须仔细推敲、反复琢磨，避免因语言模棱两可而产生歧义。尽管合同用词难度大，要求十分严格，但合同措词仍有规律可循。11三、合同的语言特征11一）、词汇特征合同的用词造句必须十分准确严谨，一般具有准确、简练、明晰和正式几大特点。由于用词不当、合同当事人对文字理解不一所造成的索赔和纠纷案件屡见不鲜。合同翻译时要特别注意英语中的一词多义或多种解释。例如：ThepenaltyshallbedividedbetweenPartyAandPartyBinNewYorkCityandPartyCinNewark,NewJersey.12一）、词汇特征12简练对合同也颇为重要。因为合同语言的严谨，最好用尽可能少的文字来清楚地阐明意思。要做到言简意赅，合同起草者和翻译者必须避免使用或删除不必要的词语。例如：Intheeventofasinglearbitratorbeingunabletobeagreeduponbythetwoparties...一旦一个仲裁员不能被双方同意…13简练对合同也颇为重要。因为合同语言的严谨，最好用尽可

要使合同行文明晰，应力戒含糊其词和模棱两可，应注意使用规范的句子的语序、修饰语要置于靠近所形容的词的位置等等。例如：在乙方的要求下，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.14

要使合同行文明晰，应力戒含糊其词和模棱两可，应注意1、专业词汇

专业词汇主要是指在某一学科或特定领域中使用的专门用语。这些专门用语有其特定的含义，并在各自专业领域中被广泛使用。如：freeonboard（船上交货）、billoflading（提单）、shippingmarks（唛头）等等。151、专业词汇15考虑到合同特定场合的需要，有时合同对一些关键术语的定义做出明确的限定和说明，一般可分为扩展性解释和限缩性解释两种。例如：“patent”inthiscontractshallmeanregisteredinventionrights,registeredutilitymodelrights,rightofregisteredindustrialdesignandanytechnicalapplicationslistedintheattachmentherewith“trademark”heremeansregisteredtrademark16考虑到合同特定场合的需要，有时合同对一些关键术语的定2、词语并列

合同中的词语并列往往分为两种情况：词语并列结构和成对同义词结构。为使国际条约表意准确和规范严谨，合同制定者在行文中大量使用词语并列结构，用and或or把两个或多个短语并列起来。这种并列结构有更强的包容性，同时也更加具有弹性。例如：172、词语并列17(合同）项下或按照（合同） underorinaccordancewith签署并寄出 signedanddelivered按总体或部分来讲 inwholeorinpartmakeamendmentstoandrevisionof 修改fulfillorperform 履行transferableorassignable 转让18(合同）项下或按照（合同） 18Itistheintentofthepartiesthatalldocumentsandannexesformingparthereofshallbereadandtakentogetherandthateachandeveryprovisionorstipulationhereofbegivenfullforce,effectandapplicability.However,intheeventthatoneormoreprovisionsorstipulationshereinbedeclarednullandvoidbythecourts,orotherwiserenderedineffective,theremainingprovisionsandstipulationsshallnotbeaffectedthereby.19Itistheintentofthepa3、情态动词与所有的法律文件相同，合同在情态动词的选用上很慎重。may,must,will,shall,should各司其职，不可混淆。值得注意的是“shall”在合同中并非单纯表示将来时，而是用来表示一方应尽的义务，表示强制性责任、履行义务，与中文中“应该”、“必须”的意义相同，所表达的力度比“will”要强。。例如：Thebiddershallbearallcostsassociatedwiththepreparationandsubmissionofitsbid.203、情态动词204、缩略词 另外，缩略词在合同中出现的频率很高，而且主要为首字母缩略词和截短词。国际经贸合同中的价格、支付及保险方式大多以首字母缩略词形式出现，例如：FOB(FreeonBoard装运港船上交货)T/T(TelegraphicTransfer电汇)W.A.(WithAverage水渍险)等等。214、缩略词21此外，还有一些计量单位及相关名称则通常以截短词形式出现，例如：CTN(carton纸箱)PC(piece件、个)No(number号)等等。22225、古英语及特殊用语的使用 英文合同使用了大量的古英语，最为突出的是用here,there,where＋后缀in/after/by等介词。这类古英语能避免重复，使句子结构紧凑精练。例如：hereafter=afterthistime 今后herein=inthis 因此hereby=bymeansof 特此235、古英语及特殊用语的使用23hereinbefore=inaproceedingpartofthiscontract 在上文hereinafter=laterinthiscontract 在下文thereto=tothat 此外thereupon=then 随后 whereas 鉴于，在约首用作引出签约的背景和目的witness 证明，在约首中用作充当首句的谓语hereinafterreferredtoas 以下简称24hereinbefore=inaproceeding二）、句法特征 合同作为法律文书，规定了各方当事人之间的权利和义务，合同文字所表达的意思必须完整、明确、肯定，所以，合同对句子类型的选择存在明显的倾向性，陈述句的使用频率比较高，陈述句用于阐述、解释、说明、规定和判断，语言显得比较客观、平实。此外，合同句法的另一个明显特征是较多使用长句和惯用句型。25二）、句法特征251、多用长句

与普通英语相比，英文合同的句子较长，结构也复杂得多。长句的使用主要是可以准确地界定各方当事人的权利和义务，排除被曲解、误解或出现歧义的可能性。例如：261、多用长句26Thetenderershouldbeinformedthat,ifhehasdelivered,postedordispatchedhistenderpriortotheformalsubmissiondatehehastherighttomodifyormakecorrectionstoit,providedthatanysuchmodificationsorcorrectionsarereceivedbytheemployer/engineerinwritingpriortothetimespecifiedforsubmissionoftenders.Theoriginaltenderthusmodifiedorcorrectedwouldthenbeconsideredastheofficialtender.27Thetenderershouldbei又如：Thepricesstatedarebasedoncurrentfreightrates,anyincreaseordecreaseinfreightratesattimeofshipmentistobethebenefitofthebuyer,withthesellerassumingthepaymentofalltransportationchargestothepointorplaceofdelivery.28282、惯用句型

英文合同中有不少套语或惯用句型结构，这些用法是在长期的贸易实践中逐渐形成的，并被普遍接受和使用。此类套语或惯用句型主要出现在合同的前言、结尾、保险、支付以及检验、索赔、仲裁等一般性的条款中。例如：292、惯用句型29（1）Theundersignedbuyerandsellerhaveconfirmed…inaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions.（2）PartyAhasagreedthatPartyBshall…underthefollowingtermsandconditions.（3）Inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollow.（4）TheexpirydateoftheL/Cistobethe15thdayafterthedateofshipment.（5）TheL/Cshallremainvaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.30（1）Theundersignedbuyerands四、合同翻译原则目前，我国涉外经济交往中所采用的合同大多为英文本，而英文合同对语言有严格的要求，因此，把握合同语言的特殊性，这是准确理解、翻译合同的关键所在。合同作为一种具有法律约束力的契约文体，其文本强调用语正式、措词准确、结构严谨、格式规范等特点。翻译合同、标书等此类文体的具体标准通常有三个方面：31四、合同翻译原则311、术语准确，译文完整

合同文本有自己的一整套术语，有其独特性，应避免简单的字面翻译。例如：“accept”一般译为“接受”、“认可”就可以了，但在涉外合同中，这个词可能要译成“承兑”。从4月1日起到10月20日止这一期间内交货，但以买方信用证在3月20日前到达卖方为限。ShipmentduringtheperiodbeginningonApril1andendingonOct.20,bothdateinclusive,subjecttoBuyer’sLetterofCreditreachingSelleronorbeforeMar.20.321、术语准确，译文完整322、译文通顺，条理清楚

通顺是翻译的一项基本要求，合同的翻译也不例外。合同译文的通顺着重体现在“条理清楚”上，特别是在处理长句、复杂句时更是如此。例如：One-thirdofthetotalamountshallbepaidwiththeorderwhentheContractissigned,onethirdbydocumentarybillswhenshipmentiseffected,andthebalancebycleanbillswhenthegoodshavearrived.合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。332、译文通顺，条理清楚333、符合契约文体特点与其他商务文本相比，合同文本属于正式程度最高的契约文体。所以，翻译合同时所使用的语言应尽量体现出契约文体的这一特点。选词要正式、所采用的句式也应符合译入语合同的句式特点、还要注意译入语合同的格式特点。例如：“因为”一般用短语“byvirtueof”来翻译，而很少用“becauseof”；“在……之前”一般用“priorto”，而不用“before”等等。343、符合契约文体特点34再如：本合同于2006年5月30日在中国上海签订，一式两份，每份用英文和中文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。译文1：ThisContractwassignedinShanghai,ChinaonMay30,2006.EachcopywaswritteninEnglishandChinesewithtwocopiesineach,andthetwotextshavethesameeffect.译文2：ThisContractissignedinShanghai,Chinathis30thdayofMay,2006,induplicateinEnglishandChineselanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic.35再如：35五、合同翻译实践例1.购货合同PURCHASECONTRACTNo.2008－72116Date:June20,2008 SignedatShenzhen,ChinaTheBuyer:UniconCorporation155OceanWingRoad,SanFrancisco,California91002USATheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation237SouthRiversideRoad,Shenzhen,Guangdong518003PRC TheContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:36五、合同翻译实践361.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men’spajamasmadeof100percentcottonSize12inwhite,yellow,red,blue,andpurple.TechnicalspecificationsshallbethesameasthesamplessenttotheSellerbytheBuyeronMay20,2008.2.QUANTITY:White,2000;yellow,3000;red,1000;blue,4000;purple,3000.3.UNITPRICE:US$12.80FOBShenzhenpersuit.4.TOTALPRICE:US$166,400.00(Onehundredandsixty-sixthousandfourhundredUSdollarsonly).5.COUNTRYOFORIGIN:ThePeople’sRepublicOfChina6.PACKING:Eachpajamasshallbepackedinawaterproofpolythenebagandtheninacardboardbox,50boxestoawoodencase.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossattributedtoinadequatepackingbytheSeller.371.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men7.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurfaceofeachpackage,thepackagenumber,measurement,grossweight,netweightandUNICONinatriangleshallbestenciledwithpaint.8.TIMEOFSHIPMENT:October20089.PORTOFSHIPMENT:Shenzhen,PRC.10.PORTOFDESTINATION:SanFrancisco,USA.11.INSURANCE:TobecoveredbytheBuyer.12.PAYMENT:TheBuyershall,uponreceiptfromtheSellerofthenoticeofreadinessforshipment,openanirrevocableletterofcreditwithCitibank,15-20dayspriortothedateofdelivery,infavoroftheSeller,foranamountequivalenttothetotalvalueoftheshipment.TheL/CshallbepayableagainstthepresentationofthedraftandthedocumentsstipulatedinClause13hereofintheopeningbank.TheL/Cshallbevaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.387.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurf13.DOCUMENT:TheSellershallpresentthefollowingdocumentstothepayingbankfornegotiation:1)Onefullsetof“CleanOnBoard”oceanbillsofladingmarked“FreighttoCollect”andmadeouttoorder,blankendorsed;2)Invoiceinquintuplicateindictingcontractnumberandshippingmark;3)Packinglistinquintuplicate;4)CertificateofqualityandquantityinduplicateissuedbythemanufacturersasspecifiedinClause16;5)OnecopyofnotificationtotheBuyer,advisingtheshipmentready.3913.DOCUMENT:TheSellershall14.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:

1)TheSellershall,atleast40daysbeforethedateofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,advisetheBuyerofthecontractnumber,commodity,quantity,value,numberofpackages,grossweight,measurement,anddateofreadinessattheportofshipmentfortheBuyertobookshippingspace.2)BookingofshippingspaceshallbeattendedtobytheBuyer.3)TheBuyershall,10daysbeforetheexpecteddateofarrivalofthevesselattheloadingport,notifytheSellerofthenameofvessel,expecteddateofloading,contractnumber,fortheSellertoarrangeshipment.Whenitbecomesnecessarytochangethetimetobeadvancedordelayed,theBuyeroritsshippingagentshalladvisetheSellerintime.Shouldthevesselfailtoarriveattheportofloadingwithin30daysofthearrivaldateadvisedbytheBuyer,theBuyershallbearthestorageandinsuranceexpensesincurredfromthe31stday.4)TheSellershallbeliableforanydeadfreightordemurrage,shouldithappentheyhavefailedtohavethecommodityreadyforloadingafterthecarryingvesselhasarrivedattheportofshipmentontime.5)TheSellershallbearallexpenses,risksofcommoditybeforeitpassesoverthevessel’srailandisreleasedfromthetackle.Afterithaspassedoverthevessel’srailandbeenreleasedfromthetackle,allexpenses,risksofcommodityshallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4014.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:4015.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSellershall,immediatelyuponthecompletionofloadingthecommodity,notifytheBuyerthecontractnumber,nameofcommodity,quantity,grossweight,invoicevalue,nameofcarryingvesselanddateofsailing.IncasetheBuyerfailstoarrangeinsuranceontimeduetotheinformationnotbeinggivenintimebytheSeller,ortothenotificationincomplete,alllossesshallbebornebytheSeller.16.GUARANTEEOFQUALITY:TheSellershallguaranteethatthecommodityisentirelyinconformitywithwhathasbeenstipulatedintheContractwithregardtoitsqualityspecifications.Theguaranteeperiodshallbe3monthscountedfromthedateonwhichthecommodityarrivesattheportofdestination.4115.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSelle17.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:

1)TheSellershall,beforedelivery,makeapreciseandcomprehensiveinspectionofthegoodswithregardtoitsquality,specifications,andquantityandhavetheChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureauissueinspectioncertificatescertifyingthetechnicaldateandtheconclusionoftheinspection.2)AfterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationtheBuyershallhavetherighttoinviteanauthoritativesurveyortomakeafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantityofthegoods.Ifdamagesofthegoodsarefound,orthespecificationand/orquantityarenotinconformitywiththestipulationsintheContract,exceptwhentheresponsibilitiesliewiththeinsurerorthecarrier,theBuyershall,within90daysafterarrivedofthegoodsattheportofdestination,claimagainsttheSellerorrejectthegoods.3)TheclaimsmentionedaboveshallberegardedasbeingacceptediftheSellerfailstoreplywithin30daysaftertheSellerreceivestheBuyer’sclaim.4217.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:4218.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoforcemajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.TheSellershalladvisetheBuyerimmediatelyoftheoccurrencementionedaboveandwithin15daysthereaftertheSellershallsendanoticebyairmailtotheBuyerfortheiracceptanceofacertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesunderwhosejurisdictiontheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.UndersuchcircumstancestheSeller,however,isstillundertheobligationtotakeallnecessarymeasurestohastenthedeliveryofthegoods.Incasetheaccidentlastsformorethan10weeks,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract.4318.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSeller19.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:ShouldtheSellerfailtomakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContract,withtheexceptionofforcemajeurecausesspecifiedinClause18oftheContract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryontheconditionthattheSelleragreestopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation.Therateofnegotiationischargedat0.5percentforeverysevendays,odddayslessthansevendaysshouldbecountedassevendays.Butthepenalty,however,shallnotexceed5percentofthetotalvalueofthegoods,involvedinthedelayeddelivery.IncasetheSellerfailstomakedeliverytenweekslaterthanthetimeofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract,andtheSeller,inspiteofthecancellation,shallneverthelesspaytheaforesaidpenaltytothebuyerwithoutdelay.4419.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:20.ARBITRATION:AlldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionoforinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledamicablythroughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtotheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChineseCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitrationinaccordancewithitsrulesofprocedure.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Arbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingparty.4520.ARBITRATION:Alldisputes21.CONDITIONSOFSALES:

1)ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellercannotbeheldresponsiblefornon-deliveryordelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyforcemajeure,war,rebellion,fire,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfilltheContractoranyothercausesbeyondtheSeller’scontrol.2)TheSellerreservestherighttocanceltheContractatanytimeiftheBuyermakesdefaultinpayment(orindelivery)orcommitabreachofanyclausehereof.3)TheSellerreservestherighttotheContractatanytimeiftheSellercannotmakethedeliveryascalledforunderthetermshereofbyreasonofcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol.4)Anyadditionalexpensesincurredastheresultofwar,civilcommotion,interruptionofnormaltransport,boycott,governmentaction,etc.,and/oranyothercircumstancesasarebeyondtheSeller’scontroland/orforesight,shallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4621.CONDITIONSOFSALES:4622.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:TheContractismadeoutinbothChineseandEnglish,twooriginalsforeachlanguage.Eachlanguageislegallyofequaleffect.EachpartykeepsoneChineseversionandoneEnglishversionaftersigningtheContract. TheBuyer:UniconCorporation MarlinFelton,president TheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation LuGang,President4722.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:T例2.招标书国际招标投标是货物、工程或服务市场交易方式之一，现在许多国际机构、国家政府规定，凡由其提供贷款或资金，金额达到一定数额的大宗交易、大型工程或成套服务项目必须通过公开招标、投标来确定供货者、承建者或服务商。国际招标投标已成为国际贸易的主要方式之一。按照国际惯例，与招标投标活动有关的文件、资料均须用英文编制，即使允许用非英语编写，也应备有英文版本。48例2.招标书48ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationInvitationforBidsBidNo.0707CMCJ-0161332InaccordancewiththeloanAgreementconcludedbetweentheMinistryofFinanceofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandJapanBankforInternationalCooperationforYingkouWaterSupplyProject,ChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationisauthorizedtopurchasethroughinternationalcompetitivebidding(ICB)thegoodslistedbellow.Allthepurchaseshouldbefinancedthroughtheloanarrangementmentionedabove.49ChinaNationalMachineryImListofEquipment:Valves(quantity:…specifications:…)Sealedbidsareinvitedfrombiddersregisteredinandcontrolledbyeligiblesourcecountries,whichrefertoallcountiesandregionsaccordingtothestipulationoftheLoanAgreement.Generaltermsandconditionstogetherwithqualificationrequirementsaresetoutinabook,whichisobtainedfromChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationbetween9:00and11:00a.m.(Beijingtime)fromNovember11toNovember17,2007(exceptSaturdayandSunday)againstnon-refundablepaymentof(amountofmoneyinfigures).50ListofEquipment:50AllbidsaretobevalidlyreceivedbyChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationbefore10:00onthespecificopeningdateattheaddressbelow.Bidswillbeopenedat10:30a.m.December18,2007(Beijingtime).Anyoffersubmittedaftertheclosingdateofbidorwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeabovetermswillnotbeaccepted.ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationAddress:Tel:Fax:PostCode:51Allbidsaretobevalidly参考译文：招标编号：0707CMCJ-0161332中国机械进出口总公司投资邀请根据中华人民共和国财政部与日本国际合作银行就营口市供水工程签订的《贷款协议》，中国机械进出口总公司受权通过国际竞争性投标购买下列货物。本招标采购合同将由上述贷款予以支付。采购设备清单如下：阀门（货物数量：规格…简述）中国机械进出口总公司诚邀所有在符合《贷款协议》之规定的合格货源国和地区登记注册并受其管辖的投标商密封投标。52参考译文：52招标合同的一般条款及投标资格要求在标书中已列明，标书可在2007年11月11日起至11月17日（星期六和星期日除外）止的每天上午的9点到11点（北京时间）以（金额……）从中国机械进出口公司处购买，售后不退。所有投标书须于规定的开标日当天上午10点之前送达位于下列地址的中国机械进出口总公司并被有效接受。所有投标书将于北京时间2007年12月18日10:30被启封。投标截止日期后提交的标书或不符合上述规定的标书恕不接受。中国机械进出口总公司地址：电话：传真：邮政编码：53招标合同的一般条款及投标资格要求在标书中已列明，标书例3.代理合约香港勇盛电器厂有限公司（下称制造商）和温州风暴电器有限公司（下称代理商）已于今日二〇〇七年十二月二十日签订营业代理合约，条件如下：1.代理商担任厂商在温州销售本合约规定的产品的独家代理。2.本合约涉及的产品如下：电视机、卡式收录音机、洗衣机、电冰箱、真空吸尘机、电饭煲和其他各种家庭电器。3.制造商须提供代理商有上述产品价目表，全用CIF温州的价格。在上述地区内厂商产品的一切销售上，代理商可得百分之八的佣金，即使厂商直接销售由其他任何人或商行销售运到上述地区的该厂商产品，情况也一样。

54例3.代理合约544.代理商必须存有厂商产品以便在上述地区内销售，并可决定它们的转卖价格。5.代理商只受权在那些地区内为厂商产品招揽订单以及推销其产品。6.本合约将保持有效直至任何一方至少提前九十天用挂号空邮向另一方发出书面通知终止合约为止。勇盛电器厂有限公司风暴电器有限公司554.代理商必须存有厂商产品以便在上述地区内销售，并可参考译文：AgencyContractYONGSHENGWORKSINC,HONGKONG(hereinaftercalledManufacturer)andBRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.,LTD.,WENZHOU(hereinafterreferredtoasAgent)haveonthis20thofDecember,2007enteredintoasalesagencycontractunderthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow:1.AgentshallactasthesoleandexclusiveagentinWenzhouforManufacturerforthesaleoftheproductshereinspecified.56参考译文：562.Theproductscoveredbythiscontractare:televisionsets,cassetteradiorecorders,washingmachines,refrigerators,vacuumcleaners,electricricecookersandmanyotherhomeelectricappliances.3.ManufacturershallfurnishAgentwiththepricelistsofallofhisproductsstatedabove,allintermsofCIFWenzhou.Acommissionof8percentshallbeofferedonallsalesofManufacturer’sproductswithintheabove-mentionedterritoriesevenincaseswhereManufacturersellsthemdirectlyorwheresuchsalesaremadebyanyotherpersonorfirm,forshipmenttothesaidterritories.572.Theproductscoveredby4.AgentmustcarrystocksofManufacturer’sproductsforsalewithinthesaidterritoriesandmayfixtheresalepricethereof.5.AgentisonlyauthorizedtosolicitordersforManufacturer’sproductsandthesalethereofwithintheterritories.6.Thiscontractshallremaininforceuntilterminatedbyeitherpartybygivingawrittennoticeatleast90daysinadvancetotheotherpartybyregisteredairmail.YONGSHENGWORKSINC.BRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.LTD.

584.Agentmustcarrystocks例4.国际货物运输合同ContractofInternationalTransportationofGoods ThisAgreementismadethistwentiethdayofOctober2007betweenTheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.Of9SanchuanRoad,thecityofWeihai,PartyA,andTheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.Of12HongweiRoad,thecityofNanhai,PartyB. Witnesses:59例4.国际货物运输合同59ThatPartyA,inconsiderationoftheagreementhereaftercontainedofPartyB,contractsandagreeswithPartyB,thathewilldeliver,ingoodandmarketablecondition,toPartyB,duringthemonthofApril,ofnextyear,fivethousandtonsofcoal,inthefollowinglots,andonthefollowingspecifiedterms,viz.:onethousandtonsbytheseventhofApril,onethousandtonsadditionalbythefourteenthofthemonth,onethousandtonsmorebythetwenty-first,andtheentirefivethousandtonstobealldeliveredbythethirtiethofApril.60ThatPartyA,inconsideraAndPartyB,inconsiderationofthepromptfulfillmentofthiscontractbyPartyA,contractsandagreeswithPartyAtopayforsaidcoal120yuan(Renmibi)pertonforeachtonassoonasdelivered. Incaseoffailureofagreementbyeitheroftheparties,itisherebystipulatedandagreedthatthepartysofailingshallpaytotheother600,000yuan(Renmibi)asfixedandsettleddamages. Inwitnesswhereof,thepartiesheretohavecausedthisagreementtobeexecutedinduplicatebytheirdulyauthorizedrepresentative.61AndPartyB,inconsideraPartyA:TheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.MaoXihua LiuXiwen(Manager)PartyB:TheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.HanZhongwu WuQun(Manager)62PartyA:TheInternationalTra参考译文：国际货物运输合同 本合同签订于2007年10月20日，威海市三川路9号的国际运输有限公司为甲方，南海市红卫路12号的远东贸易有限公司为乙方。 兹约定： 考虑到乙方的允诺，甲方特与乙方订立协议并同意：由甲方负责，于订约年之翌年4月份一个月之内向乙方运送质地优良、符合行销标准的煤5000吨，并按下列期限分批交货。既：到4月7日止交货1000吨；到4月14日止另交货1000吨；到4月21日止再交货1000吨，至4月30日全部5000吨煤必须如数交讫。63参考译文：63考虑到甲方承诺对本合同迅速履行，乙方特与甲方订立协议并同意：对上述煤每吨支付人民币120.00元，货到即付。 订约双方任何一方如未能履约，根据合同规定并经双方同意：违约一方应向对方赔偿人民币60万元，作为商定的损失赔偿费。 本契约一式两份，由双方授权的代表签立，特此为证。

甲方:国际运输有限公司 毛西华（经理） 刘席文 乙方：远东贸易有限公司 韩中武（经理） 武群64考虑到甲方承诺对本合同迅速履行，乙方特与甲方订立协课后作业：1.Ifthecorrespondentbankisinstructedmerelytoadvisethecredit,itforwardstheprescribedtexttothebeneficiarywithoutengagementonitsownpart.2.Wehaveaddedourconfirmationonthecreditandengagethatdocumentspresentedtousinfullcompliancewiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditwilbedulyhonoured.65课后作业：653.Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganirrevocabelL/CforthefullamountofUSD30,000infavoroftheSeller

throughabankatexportpointsothattheSellermaydrawthesuminduetime.66664.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIT

IrrevocableCreditNo.

Date:

Alldraftsdrawnmustbemarked:“DrawnunderCreditNo.

”Messrs.

(Beneficiary)Gentlemen,Youareauthorizedtovalueon

Bank(Bankonwhichtodraw)fortheaccountof(client)uptotheaggregateamountof(currency)bydrawingyourdraftwithin

daysfor%(Percentage)invoicecostofConsularInvoice,accompaniedbyBillsofLadingandCommercialInvoice(evidencingshipmentofthecommodity).BillsofLadingmustbedatednolaterthan_____(date).674.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIAcopyoftheConsularInvoice,CommercialInvoice,andBillofLadingmustbemailedto