历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及答案

/106gold,bulb;deer,beast,animals;fortuitous,fruition.全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题答案I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.（30%）1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B6.D7.B8.C9.A10B11.C12.A13.D14.D15.B16.D17.C18.B19.A20.A21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.CMatchthewordsinColumnAwiththewordsinColumnBaccordingto1)typesoftransfer;2)rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;3)typesofvocabularybynotion;and4)thefunctionofaffixes.(10%)31.C32.I33.G34.H35.A36.B37.F38.E39.J40.DCompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(10%)41.meaningful42.creation43.roots44.affixation45.motivation46.identical47.unstable48.polysemy49.phrase50.oneIV.Definethefollowingterms.(10%)Morpheme——Thesmallestfunctionalunitinthecompositionofwords.Homonym——WordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspellingConnotation——TheassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningElevation——Aprocessbywhichwordsmovesfromaderogatoryorneutralsensetoaneutraland/orappreciativesense.Idiom——Expressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirliteralmeaningsofindividualelements.V.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)Asfarasgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisconcerned,whatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwords?TherapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologySocial,economicandpoliticalchanges;TheinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguageWhatarethesemanticfeaturesofcompounds?Giveanexampletoillustrateyourpoint.Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.Forexample,“agreenhand”is“aninexperiencedperson”,notahandthatisgreenincolor.58．Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,basedonyourunderstandingofthecharacteristicsofantonyms.Stateyourreasonwithoneexample.Contrarytermsarenon-gradableandallowintermediatemembersinbetween.False.Contrarytermsaregradableantonyms，differingindegreeofintensity，soeachhasitsowncorrespondingopposition.Forexample,hotandwarmaresynonyms.Theirdifferenceliesinintensity.Correspondingly,theyeachhaveadifferentantonym.Theoppositeofhotiscoldandthatofwarmiscool.Wecannotregardcoolastheantonymofhotorcoldastheantonymofwarm.59．Howdoyouaccountforthecontextfunctionasindicationofreferents?Englishhasalargenumberofwordssuchasnow/then,here/there,i/you,this/that,usedtoreferdirectlytopeople，time，place，etc.withoutclearcontext，thereferencecanbeveryconfusing.Forexamplethewordnowalwaysmeansthetimeofspeaking,naturallyreferringtoapasttimewhenthespeechtookplaceinthepastorapresentmomentifthepersonisspeaking.Itisthesamewithallreferringexpressions.EvenaphraselikethePrimeMinistermaybringaboutambuiguitywithoutadequentverbalcontext,foritcanbeusedtorefertoanyofthePrimeMinisterinBritishhistory.W.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.（20%）60.Analyzethefollowingdialogueandcommentontherhetoricuseofhomonyminitalicizedfont.—“You'renoteatingyourfish,”awaitresssaidtoacustomer.“Anythingwrongwithit?”—“Longtimenosea.”thecustomerreplied.Ashomonymsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,particularlyhomophones,theyareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectof,say,humour,sarcasmorridicule.Longtimenoseeisusuallysaidasaformofgreetingbetweentwofriendswhentheymeetafteralongtime.Herethecustomercleverlyemployedthestructureoftheidiomtohisadvancetocriticizeinahumorouswaythebadqualityofthefoodservedattherestaurant.Longtimenoseeimpliesthat“seafoodkeptforalongtimeisnotfitforeating”.61．Analyzethethreecausesofmeaningchangewithinthescopeofthelinguisticfactors,basedonthegivenwordsbelow.（1）gold,bulb;（2）deer,beast,animals;（3）fortuitous,fruition.1）internalfactors:Suchchangeoccurswhenaphraseisshortenedtoonewordwhichretainsthemeaningofthewhole,e.g.godisusedfor“goldmedal”,and“bulb”for“lightbulb”.2）theinfluxofborrowings:SuchchangeoccurswhentheborrowingsareintroducedintoEnglishvocabulary.Forexample,deerformerlymeantanimal,andlateranimalfromLatinandbeastfromFrenchfoundtheirwayintoEnglish.Asthethreetermsweresynonymous,animalretainedtheoriginalmeaning,themeaningofdeerwasnarrowedandbeastchangedincolor.analogy:Suchchangeoccurswhenanalogyisused.Forinstiance,fortuitousformerlydenoted“happeningbychance”,“accidental”andlatertookonthemeaning“fortunate”probablybyanalogybecausethetwowordslooksimilar.Itisthesamewithfruition,theoriginalmeaningbeing“apleasureobtainedfromusingorpossessingsomething”,whichhadnothingtodowithfruit.Itsmeaningof“thebearingoffruit”wasduetothelaterassociationwiththewordfruit.全国2011年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.(30%)1.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularycanbedividedintothefollowingparticularhistoricalperiodEXCEPT.()OldEnglishB.MiddleEnglishC.NewEnglishD.ModernEnglishThedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints.()aminimalfreeformofalanguageasoundunityaunitofmeaningaformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceA.(1)and(2)B.(1)(2)and(3)C.(2)(3)and(4)D.(1)(2)(3)and(4)Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis.()A.productivityB.polysemyC.stabilityD.collocabilityTheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,and.()A.IndiaB.theFarEastC.theWestAsiaD.America5.IntheearlyperiodofModernEnglish,EuropesawanewupsurgeoflearningancientGreekandclassics.ThisisknowninhistoryastheRenaissance.()IndiaB.GermanC.RomanD.ChineseWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?()OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.InearlyMiddleEnglishperiod,English,LatinandCelticexistedsidebyside.TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginningofmodernEnglishperiod.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishiscreationofnewwordsbymeansofword-formation.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis.()A.morphemeB.affixesC.rootD.stemThereis/aremonomorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:hot,dog,feet,matches.()A.1B.2C.3D.4Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/s/intheTOC\o"1-5"\h\zfollowingwordsEXCEPT.()packsB.bagsC.cheatsD.ships30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough.()affixationB.clippingC.compoundingD.shorteningTheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclassiscalled.()A.prefixationB.suffixationC.acronymyD.conversionThemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled.()A.back-formationB.clippingC.blendingD.suffixationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.()A.SenseB.MotivationC.ConceptD.ReferenceBymotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.

A.onomatopoeicB.morphologicalC.semanticD.etymologicalInEnglishtherearetypesofmotivationthatconcernstherelationshipbetweenthesignandmeaning.()A.2B.3C.4D.5Whatisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages?()A.Suffixation.B.Variation.C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.Red,scarlet,mauve,violet,lavender,pansy,black,purple,etc,makeupthefieldof‘colours'.()A.stylisticB.semanticC.ellipticD.syntacticWhatisapplicabletocontradictorytermsofsomeantonymsmayNOTbeapplicabletotheirterms?()A.connotativeB.collocativeC.relativeD.negativeWhenacommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun,themeaningisaccordingly.()A.relatedB.narrowedC.createdD.suggested20.WhichofthefollowingwordswasusedduringtheAmericanCivilWartorefertothosenorthernerswhoweresecretlyaidingtheSouth?()A.Rattlesnake.B.Villain.C.Informer.D.Copperhead.Peoplechangeword-meaningowingtovariousmotives:love,respect,courtesy,suspicion,pessimism,sarcasm,irony,contempt,hatred,etc.()A.psychologicalB.socialC.communicativeD.lexicalInanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappearsandisknownascontext.()A.non-linguisticB.linguisticC.grammaticalD.lexicalWhichofthefollowingisoneofthemainfunctionsofverbalcontext?()A.Eliminationofambiguity.Indicationforreferents.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.Alltheabove.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutextra-linguisticcontext?()A.Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.Itreferstophysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.Theidiom"fallintogoodhands"isaasfarasfiguresofspeechareconcerned.()A.synecdocheB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personification"Fleshandblood"isanidiominnature.()A.verbalB.nominalC.adjectivalD.adverbialThechangeofidiom"velvetpaws"fromtheoriginalformis.()A.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shorteningAmericandictionariesgenerallyusetomarkthepronunciation.()A.BritishPhoneticAlphabetB.AmericanPhoneticAlphabetC.InternationalPhoneticAlphabetD.Webster'sPhoneticAlphabetWhichofthefollowingdictionariesisNOTaspecializeddictionary?()A.TheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishEtymologyChamber'sEncyclopaedicEnglishDictionaryLongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbsWebster'sNewDictionaryofSynonymsUsagenotesofthedictionaryexplain.()A.theslightdifferencebetweenwordsofsimilarmeaningsdifficultpointsofgrammarandstyleimportantBritishandAmericandifferencesalltheaboveCompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(15%)Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisoveronewords.Attheendof6thcentury,Latin-speakingmissionariesunderSt.AugustinecametospreadChristianityinBritain.Itbroughtmanynewideasandcustomsandalsomanytermssuchasabbot,candle,altar,etc.Theformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunctionare.Theprocessofchangingtheword"possible"into"impossible"iscalled.Thesynonymouspair"die—passaway"hasthesamebutdifferentstylisticvalues.Semantically,allarerelatedinonewayoranother.Fortuitousformerlydenoted'happeningbychance','accidental'andlatertookonthemeaning'fortunate'probablybybecausethetwowordslooksimilar.Thesentence"Heisahardbusinessman"isambiguousdueto.Thecharacteristicofidioms—unitycanbereflectedbytheunderstandingofsuchidiomas"raincatsanddogs".Definition,extracolumnandusagearetheuniquefeaturesofCollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987).Definethefollowingterms.(15%)jargonderivationalaffixgrammaticalmeaningassociatedtransfervariationsofidiomsAnswerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)leornfianflern—enflearnAboveisthechangeof"learn"fromOldEnglishthroughMiddleEnglishtoModernEnglish.WhatcanyouconcludefromtheviewpointofthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary?Bothinitialismsandacronymsareformedtoacertainextentfrominitialletters.Isthereanydifferencebetweenthem?Illustrateyourpointwithexamples.Whatistheappropriateantonymforacuteinthefollowingstatement?Shegotanacutepaininherback.Whatarecontextualclues?Guessthemeaningofthewordunderlinedinthefollowingsentenceandtellwhatcontextualclueshavehelpedyouinarrivingatthemeaning.(a)Perhapsthemoststartlingtheorytocomeoutofkinesics,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorBirdwhistell.(b)It'sjustonemoreincredibleresultofthedevelopmentofmicroprocessors—thosetinypartsofacomputercommonlyknownas"siliconchips".Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(20%)Commentonthefollowinggroupstoillustratethedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion.Group1:"white—awhite,final—finals"Group2:"rich—therich,wounded—thewounded"Analyzeandcommentonthemeaningsofthefollowingsentencesandthenfindouttherightantonymsforeachfastrespectively.Mygod,look,thisclockisonehourfast,asifwewereatTokyo.Thecolorsaren'tfast,sobecarefulwhenyouwashthisshirt.ThedelegationpaidafastvisittotheUnitedKingdomlastmonth.2011年4月全国自考英语词汇学参考答案2(m年4刀高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学朋答案及评分参考(课程代码00832)I.Eachofthestatementsbclo^visfoElawcdbyfouralternativeanswers*ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthestaUmetitandthenbluckenthecorrespoadingletteronyourAnswerSheet.评分标准上本题共有30个小题，30分・棒小题1分，回答正确爵1幼答错不给分・LC6.B11.DJ6.D21.A26.B2.D7.A1ZA17.B22.B27.D3.As.B13,B18.C23.D28.D4.A9.B14.D19.B24.A29.B5.C10.AJ5.C20.D25.A30,DH.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(15%)评分标准*本题共有10个小題，15分・每小聴分r回答正确得满分，拼写错谋最0.5分，答错不给分B31.milljcn36.words32.refigious37.analogy33.aiiixes38.palysemy34.prtfixation眇Hetnandc35.conct^pi40.eAarnplcsI1LDefinethefoUowingttrms.(15%)讦分标准：本聽共有5个小題，共计巧分・每小鄭3分，达倉且表达正确』得*分；基本达笳农达有小错帳”霽2分；基本达矣表达有校严重错课，得1分：不达駄詢。分.每和题拼馬错視最多扣0占分.答案要点=41-Jargonreferstuthe-specializedvocabulariesbywhichmcnjhei'jiofpEitticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicaLeamongthemstives.Derivationjilaffixisailaffixrhatform!；newwordswithastemorroot.GiammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofrbemeaningofthewordwhichindicaLCAgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaningsofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.英语词汇学试题答案及:评分参薄第£页(捉3贞〉Atermusedinrelationtochangesinwordnteaninginwliichthemeaningistransferredthroughassociation,e>g.,pursefor*mcmeys.dishfor'food'匕tc・45«Thevariations,inconstituentsofidiotnsmayberesdizedbyaddition,replacement^position-shiftingsdismembering,etc.IV-Answerthefollowingquestions+TrVjijiranswersshouldbeclearandshort-WriteyouranswersonyourAnswerSbeett(205^}评分标准：本题共有4介小题，共计酣分.每小聽5分.符合題盍，语言正爲得满外基金视符合题童的比例与语畜表达情况，酌情给予—1分：下达意，得0分・每小題拼写错误聂務扣0古分.舂案墓点匕InmodernEnglish.,wordendingsweremostlylostwithjusiafewexceptions.ItcanbeconcludedthatEnglishhasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguagetothepresentanalyticlanguage,Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorgamnationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicallenns.WordsfonnedinthiswayarecalledinitialssmsoracronymsdependingonlhepronuDciatioiiofthewords.InitialisTOSarewordsproiiouncedletterbyletter,suchasVOA.BBC?TV.Acranymsarcpronouncedasanormalword,forexample^AIDS(acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome)sTEFL(teachingEnglisha$aforeignlanguage),N-bomb(DuclearbombhG-man(Governmentmanj^etc->18.TheappropriateantonynifrjracuteinthesentenceShe；gotanacutepain,inherback.'isdullrContextmayproveextremelyvaluableinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords.Inmanycaseswhenanewwordappearsfbrthefirsttime,theauthorgenerallynumagestogivehintswhichmighthelpthereadertograsptheconceptorunderstandiheidea.T