大学英语四六级作文类型课件

大学英语四六级作文类型提纲作文提示作文图表作文关键词作文写文章摘要和大意书信作文Unit1提纲作文提纲作文是一种限制性命题作文。命题形式是先给出英文作文标题，然后再用英语或汉语立出提纲，要求考生根据给出的提纲确定写作主题，构思段落模式，写出符合要求、一定字数的短文。历年考试中，该类作文占绝大多数，超过所有考试的二分之一。考生必须既紧扣标题，又要严格遵守提纲，不能脱离和漏掉提纲规定的作文要点。一般有几点要求就要写几段，但如果是两点，则考生要在构思时增加一个终结段。构思过程根据提纲要求设计每段的主题句，注意最好不要逐字翻译提纲。根据提纲和主题句自由搜索写作素材。从所搜列的原始素材中为每段选取最能说明问题，也即与短文标题、提纲及主题句最为密切的2-3个要点，注意也要选择本人感到最容易下笔的内容。分析：根据提纲，我们可以确定短文写成三段：1.能源现状：Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.2.能源危机：Theseenergyresourcesarebeinguseduprapidly.3.解决措施：Toavoidenergycrisis,…Sample:EnergyResources

Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.Coalandpetroleum,forinstance,aretwomajorones.Theyareessentialindevelopingthecountry’sindustry,scienceandtechnology.Chinahasdoneagreatdealinthepastfewdecadestoraisetheoutputofcoalandpetroleum.Theseenergyresourcesarenotinexhaustible,however,andarebeinguseduprapidly.Withthebuildingoffourmodernizations,newindustrialandscientificprojectsarespringuplikebambooshootsafteraspringrain.Theyareenormousconsumersofenergy.Besides,therehasbeengreatwasteinusingthesenaturalenergyresources.

Toavoidthealmostsureenergycrisisinthefuture,somestepsmustbetakenimmediately.First,ourgovernmentshouldmakethepeopleaware,througheducation,oftheimportanceofsavingenergy.Second,effortsshouldbemadeinopeningupnew,cleanerandinexhaustibleenergysourcessuchassolarenergy,geothermalenergyandnuclearenergy.Wehavereasonstobeoptimisticinthisrespect,butwemustbepessimisticifwejustwaitforthefossilenergiestobewastedandusedup.Unit2提示作文这一题型给出英文作文标题后，以中文或英文给出一段关于这篇短文写作内容的提示，要求考生按照提示范围确定短文主题，先构思写作提纲，再构思短文及段落的展开模式，最后搜索写作素材，选取写作要点。这一题型类型多样，除了图示作文和关键词作文外，主要还有：1.提供几个选择的建议或方案；2.提出几个提示性问题；3.提供短文要包含的一些要点；4.阐述问题或现象的小段文字。分析：可根据标题和提示，构思出如下提纲：1.现状----导入主题2.大学生社会实践的好处3.大学生社会实践可能带来的副作用4.我们的建议Profitanditcanmakethemmoreindependentoftheirfamily.However,someproblemswillariseifthecorrectguidenceisnotmade.Forexample,somestudentsgetmoreinterestedinsocialpracticeandwanttoworkthewholedayandgetsomemoney,thusneglectingtheirstudy.Andsomestudentsarelikelytoobservethesocietypartially,whichwillaffecttheirfuturestudy.Inordertocarryoutthesocialpracticesmoothly,thestudentsshouldfirstknowtheirobjectives.Theyshouldputtheirstudyinthefirstplaceandthesocialpracticeisjustasupplementoftheircollegestudy,sotheyoughttotrytostrikeabalancebetweensocialpracticeandtheirstudy.图画作文图画作文要求考生根据已给出的一副或几幅画面去想象发挥，写出一篇短文来；图画作文的写作方法1.审题：对题目要求和画面进行分析，找出图画所表达的主题，然后围绕主题组织材料。2.组织材料：画面所给事物均无虚设，因此，描述时要紧扣画面，运用想象力把画面扩展成一个故事或某一个特定事件或某一特定情景来定。如果画面内容丰富，在描述时可按题目的要求，分清主次，以突出主题。如画面简单，可在描述画面之后，略加评论。3.描述的层次：围绕主题或按时间顺序，或按地理顺序描述。如按地理顺序，或由上而下，或由左往右，或由内向外。总之要遵循一定的规律，决不可象记流水帐一样杂乱无章。4.时态问题：在描写画面时，句子谓语应用现在时态，在涉及形体动作时，可以使用进行时态，以便使画面更加生动形象。例：writeacompositionaboutthepicturebelowinabout120words.分析：通过图画分析，可观察到图中女士的苹果掉在了地上以及男士脱帽致歉是该图的中心，由此得出本文主题时礼貌问题。该图描述的时日常生活中的一件事，应该按事件发生的先后时间顺序来描述图画。运用想象力把画面扩展成一个特定的故事来写。男士下楼，女士上楼，在平台上男士把女士的苹果撞到了地上，男士脱帽表示歉意。描述画面之后，也可以对礼貌问题发表自己的看法。Sample:

Thepictureisaboutaroutineincidentinourlife.Awomanisabouttogoupstairs,withaparcelandabagofapplesinherarms.Amiddle-agedmanisjustcomingdownthestairs,withasuitcaseinhisrighthand.Theyranintoeachotheronthelandingsothatsomeoftheapplesslidoutofthebag,rollingonthefloor.Themanfeelscompunction.Promptlyhetakesoffhishat,bowstothewomanandsays:“I’msorry,I’mverysorry.”Thewomanreplies:“That’sallright.”Somepeoplearealwayspolitewhileothersarenot.Whetherapersonispoliteornotdependsonhowwellheorsheiseducated.Awell-educatedpersoncanneverbeimpolitetoothers.Themoretheeducationisdeveloped,thebettertherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbe.例文分析：文章一开头就指出这是一件日常生活中的小事，接着作者按时间顺序凭自己的想象力细致地描述了事情发生的经过。虽然画面简单，但作者的描述生动、细致，如拿包的中年男士、滚动的苹果等，让读者有身临其境之感，接着作者谈了自己对礼貌的观点。例：

Changesinpeople’sDietFoodyear19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruitandvegetable

24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%分析：分析数字并确定每段的中心思想：表中的数字是粮食、牛奶、肉和水果在人们饮食中所占比例，通过对数字进行分析，可以找到这样的规律：从1986年到1990年粮食在人们饮食中占的比例逐年下降，而牛奶和肉的比例则逐年上升，这种趋势正是标题ChangesinPeople’sDiet想说明的，牛奶和肉的比例上升也足以说明人民生活水平在不断提高。该作文是议论文，整篇分三段：第一段提出论点，人们的饮食发生了变化。第二段用表中具体数字支持论点，饮食变化说明生活水平提高。第三段作出结论，找出饮食变化的原因，人们的饮食变化和生活水平的提高反映了国家政策好。Thechangeinthepeople’sdietshowusthecorrectnessofournationalpolicy.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people’sdietwillsurelybebetterandbetterinthefuture.图表作文的基本格式第一段：现状----图表揭示的表面现象第二段：原因----引起图表表面现象的深层次社会根源第三段：发展趋势或启示----图表所表述的现象的发展前景或从中我们得到的启示Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan120wordsonEarthquake.Youareadvisedtoarrangeyourideasinthreeparagraphswithkeywordsgiven.Thefollowingarethewordsandphrasesyoumayuseinyourcomposition.Keywords:Obscurerecuradolescentsufferingcomeoutenvelopallofasuddenmortality

昨天上午十时在城东200公里处的乡村地区发生了强烈地震。来自该地区的初步报告表明这次地震造成了广泛的破坏和重大人员伤亡。死亡人员中包括许多青少年。但是，究竟有多少人伤亡，目前尚不清楚，因为整个地区都淹没在瓦砾（rubble）之中。然而有一点是肯定的，许多幸存者将要忍受多年的痛苦和不幸。这件事传递的死亡信息极大的震撼了当地人，一些信教的人聚集在一起祈求这样的事情永远不要再发生。Asevereearthqakeoccurredallofasuddenat10amyesterdayinaruralarea,about200kilometerseastofthecity.Initialreportscomingoutoftheregionindicatetheearthquakehascausedwidespreaddevastation/damageandheavycasualties.Manyadolescentswereamongthoseinjuredorkilled.Yetitremainsobscureexactlyhowmanypeoplewerehurtandkilledastheentireareahasbeenenvelopedinrubble.However,onethingiscertain:manyofthesurviviorsmayfaceyearsofpainandsuffering.Localpeoplewereclearlyshakenbythisreminderoftheirmortality.Somereligiousoneshavegatheredtopraythatitwillneverrecur.全国人民正在为抗震救灾捐款捐物。TheChinesepeoplearedonatingmoneyandmaterialstofighttheearthquakeandprovidedisaterrelief.地震发生后，各级政府已投入大量资金抗震救灾。Sincetheoccurrenceoftheearthquake,thegovernmentsatalllevelshaveputinlargeamountsoffundstofighttheearthquakeandhelppeopletotideoverthedisaster.地震灾区急需抢险器械和救灾基金。Equipmentfortherushrepairsandfundsfordisasterreliefarebadlyneededintheearthquake-batteredareas.“救”tosavesb,torescuesb.如果有一线希望，就要千方百计挽救生命。Everyeffortwillbemadetosavelivesifthereistheslightesthope.救援队员清除瓦砾将婴儿从废墟中救出来。Therescueworkersremovedtherubbleandsavedthebabyfromthedebris.一位60多岁的老太太在地震195小时后从崖石裂缝中被救出来。Awomaninher60swasrescuedfromarockcrack,morethan195hoursaftertheearthqake.救援队员继续在倒塌的楼房中寻找遇难者，成功地救出了几名幸存者。Theemergencyworkerscontinuedtosearchruinedbuildingsforvictimsandsucceededinsavingsomesurvivors.“救荒”Torelievefamine,tohelpsb.Totideoveracropfailure政府采取了一系列有效措施救荒。Thegovernmentadoptedaseriesofeffectivemeasurestorelievefamine/helppeopletotideoveracropfailure.

“救火”Tofight/putout/extinguishafire他家房子着火了，他的邻居都来帮忙救火。Whenhishousewasonfire,hisneighbourscametohelptofight/putout/extinguishthefire.Unit5写文章摘要或大意该体裁作文属应用文范畴，现提供一较长的文章，然后要求在规定的时间及字数范围内写出该文章的摘要或大意。摘要或大意是文章的主题、主要论点、论据等要点信息的概括和总结。写摘要或大意的目的在于客观、完整、准确、扼要地把原文的主要内容和观点再现在一篇相对较短（约原文的1|4至1|5）的短文里。四、六级至今未考该体裁。方法与步骤：1.快速浏览原文，找出主题和要点等所需信息。2.根据主要信息，构思这些内容的重组顺序和方式。要求摘要所包含的信息尽可能浓缩、完整、准确。重组遵循与原文同序的原则。3.要忠于原文。不漏要点，不添加原文中没有的情节或观点。保留要点略去细节。4.切忌简单拼合原文要点和主题，要用自己的语言通过浓缩重新组织。Unit6书信作文书信具有特殊格式，包括信头、正文和信尾三部分。信头和信尾必须符合特定的格式，而正文则仍可以套用三段模式：1.问候、提出写信目的或自我介绍、引出话题；2.阐述上面所提及的问题；3.补充话题或提出问题解决的方案，结束语。四六级考试中一般都给出了信头和信尾。投诉信DearSir/Madam,Iamwritingtoyoutocomplainaboutthepoorqualityof_______Iboughtfromyourstorelastweek.Actually,ithasbroughtusnothingbuttroubleandinconvenience.Itworkedperfectlywellforthefirstfewdaysbutthenitbegantomaketrouble._______.Iamsureyouwillagreethisisanunsatisfactorysituationanditisalsounfairtoacustomer.SoIsincerelyhope_______.Failingthat,Iwill_______.OfcourseIhopewewillnotgosofar.Lookingforwardtoyourreply,Iam.

Yourssincerely, ChenMing范文：DearSir/Madam,IamwritingtoyoutocomplainaboutthepoorqualityoftheTVsetIboughtfromyourstorelastweek.Actually,ithasbroughtusnothingbuttroubleandinconvenience.Itworkedperfectlywellforthefirstfewdaysbutthenitbegantomaketrouble.Thedaybeforeyesterday,therewasafootballmatchbetweentheChineseFootballTeamandtheBrazil’s.IturnedontheTVwithgreatexpectationbutitflashedalotwithlotsofnoise.IimmediatelyturneditoffandafewminuteslaterItrieditagain.Muchtomysurprise,itrefusedtoworkwithnopictureandsound.Igotveryangryandmybrothersaiditwastotallydead.Iamsureyouwillagreethisisanunsatisfactorysituationanditisalsounfairtoacustomer.

SoIsincerelyhopeyouwillsendsomeservicemanheretofixitorarrangeforsomeonetoreplaceit.Failingthat,IwillinsistonarefundforthefullpriceIhavepaid.OfcourseIhopewewillnotgosofar.Lookingforwardtoyourreply,Iam.Yourssincerely,ChenMing求职信DearSir,Iamwritinginresponseto_______.Iamveryinterestedin_______andwishtobeconsideredfor_______.IfeelthatIamcompetentto_______becausemyeducationandworkexperiencesarebothinlinewiththerequirementsof_______youoffer._______.NowIwouldliketomoveontoapositionthatrequires_______.IfyoufeelthatImightbequalifiedfor_______,Ishouldwelcomeaninterviewanytimeatyourconvenience.Enclosedyouwillfindmyresume.Yourstruly，LiHong范文：DearSir/Madam,IamwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementinChinaDailyonOctober5th.Iamveryinterestedinthisjobandwishtobeconsideredforthepositionreferredto.IfeelthatIamcompetenttoperformthedutiesoutlinedinyouradvertisementbecausemyeducationandworkexperiencesarebothinlinewiththerequirementsofthejobyouoffer.Iamtwenty-five,agraduateofJiaotongUniversitywithabachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministration.Sincemygraduationin1997,Ihaveheldajobasasalesmaninanimportandexportcompany,wheremyperformanceishighlyappreciated.NowIwouldliketomoveontoapositionthatrequiresmoreindividualresponsibility.YouradvertisementindicatestomethatthejobyourcompanyoffersisexactlywhatIamlookingfor.ItisakindofchallengeI’dliketomeet.IfyoufeelthatImightbequalifiedforthepost,

Ishouldwelcomeaninterviewanytimeatyourconvenience.Enclosedyouwillfindmyresume.YoursTruly,LiHong申请信DearSir/Madam, Iamwritingtoyoutoapplyfor___________.Though__________.NowIformallyrequestto___________. Themainreasonformydecisionisthat___________.Besides,____________.Whatismore____________. Iamsorryforanyinconvenienceortroublethatmighthavebeencausedbythischange._____________.Idoappreciateyourkindconsiderationandsincerelyhopeyouwill_____________.Yourssincerely， ZhangMing范文：DearSir/Madam,

Iamwritingtoyoutoapplyforashiftofmymajor.IamasophomorewithmajorinAutomation.ThoughIhavemadeagreatprogressduringmyfirstyearacademictraining,IfindthatIammoreinterestedinBusinessAdministration.NowIformallyrequesttoswitchtothisareaofstudy.

ThemainreasonformydecisionisthatthemajorIamstudyinginismyparents’choice.TheyinsistedthatIshouldstudywhattheyhadlearnedbeforebutafterayear’sstudyIhavecometorealizethisisnotthecareerIwanttopursueinmyfuturelife.Besides,Ihaveattendedbusinessclassesasmyoptionalcourseandachievedagoodsuccess,whichfurtherconfirmsmydecision. Iamsorryforanyinconvenienceortroublethatmighthavebeencausedbythischange.Thedecisionisnotmadelightly.Idoappreciateyourkindconsiderationandsincerelyhopeyouwillgrantmetheshifttothenewdepartment.Yourssincerely， ZhangMing对比性作文欣赏Samples:ActiveclassorpassiveclassTeacher-centeredorStudent-centeredClassExam-OrientedorQuality-OrientedActiveclassesorPassiveclassesAlthoughclassesoftenseemalikeinappearance,thedifferencesbetweenpassiveclassesandactiveclassesareenormous.

Thepassivekindofclassusuallyhasateacherwholectures,putsoutlinesandtermsonthechalkboardandimpartsinformationtothestudents.Forexample,mysecond-yearbiologyteacher,rarelylookedupfromhisnotebookinwhichhehadcarefullywrittenallhislectures.Teachersinapassiveclassroomsimplydictateinformationandanswers.Theypourfactsintothestudentslikewaterintoapot.Thestudentsareusuallyforcedtosit,listen,takenote,anddoonlywhattheteacherrequiresthemto.

Theotherkindofclass,theactiveone,usuallyhasateacherwhostimulatesthestudentstolearnforthemselvesbyaskingquestions,bydeliberatelyposingproblems,andmostofallbybeingastudenthimself,too.Suchateachermightplantheoutlineofacourse,butdoesn’tdirecttheclassinonlyonedirection.Studentsinactiveclassesbecomemoreinvolvedintheirlearning;theyaskquestionsandreadbookstosearchforsomeanswersthemselves,andthendiscusswhattheyhavefoundinclass.

Iprefer

activeclass

becauselearningbecomesfunthere.Althoughstudentsmaynotcaremuchaboutfactsinclasses,theirattitudestowardlearningandtheirexcitementindiscoveringanswersforthemselvesdonotendwiththeclass.Teacher-centeredorStudent-centeredClass

TodayinChinathereexistssidebysidetwodifferentteachingpatterns:Ateacher-orientedclassandastudent-orientedone.Andthedifferencesbetweenthemareobvious.Ateacher-centeredclassisatypicaltraditionalpassiveclass.Nodoubtitisanaturalproductofthedeep-rootedexamination-orientatededucation.Andthereareseveralcharacteristicsinthiskindofclass.Tobeginwith,ateacheristheonlyactoronthestageandallthestudentsarepassiveaudience.Besides,heimpartsknowledgetohisstudentsinthesamewayhepourswaterintoacontainer,neverbotheringtoignitethesparksorenthusiasminstudents.Therefore,theclassisoftenlikeapondofdeadwater.Incontrast,astudent-centeredclassisakindofnewactiveclass,resultingfromthequality-orientededucationsystem.Naturally,it’sanewcomeroftheeducationreform.Themaincharacteristicofthiskindofclassisthattheteacherandstudentsareallactorsandallthestudentsareactivelyinvolvedintheclassroomactivities.Besides,theteacheralwaystriestoinstillaloveoflearninginstudentsandstimulatestheirinterest.Asaresult,studentsalwaysfinditapleasuretositinclass,askingquestions,discussingorevenarguingwiththeteacher.Therefore,thiskindofclassisoftenlikea

boilingsea.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat

Iprefertheact