词汇学练习题

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业1.Inflectionalaffixesarethoseaffixesthatareattachedtotheendofwordstoindicate .A.lexicalrelationshipsB.grammaticalrelationshipsC.functionalrelationshipsD.syntaxstructure答案：B解析：（P41）词缀按照其功能可以分成两类：屈折词缀和派生词缀。屈折词缀是加在词的结尾表示语法关系的词缀，而派生词缀是和其他词素连接，生成新词的词缀。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?A.Aphonemeisthesmallestunitofsound.B.Agraphemeisthesmallestunitofwriting.C.Asememeisthesmallestunitofmeaning.D.Amorphemeisthesmallestunitofaword.答案：D解析：（P38）词素是最小的、有意义的语言单位。换句话说，词素是“在词语的构成中最小的、起作用的语言单位”。3.Whichofthefollowingisacaseofsuffixation?A.Hemisphere.B.Attempt.C.NATO.D.Respondent.答案：D解析：（P48～49）后缀法（suffixation）指的是通过给词干（stems）加后缀而形成新词的方法。题目中的“respondent”意为“应答者；被告”，是由respond通过增添后缀形成的。“hemisphere”是通过前缀法（prefixation）形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音词（acronym）；“attempt”是通过转类法形成的。4.Thecharacteristicofnativewordsis .A.neutralinstyleB.formalinstyleC.informalinstyleD.slangyinstyle答案：A解析：（P17）和外来语词不同的是，本族语词具有“文体中性”和“使用频繁”的特点。5.__explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.A.EtymologicalmotivationB.SemanticmotivationC.MorphologicalmotivationD.Onomatopoeicmotivation答案：B解析：（P85）语义理据指的是由词的概念意义激发出的对词的相关联想，它可以解释词的字面意义和比喻意义的联系。6.Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothethreeareas: .A.denotation,connotationandintensityB.connotation,intensityandapplicationC.denotation,connotationandapplicationD.connotation,implicationandapplication答案：C解析：（P107～110）同义词之间的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：外延（denotation），内涵（connotation），以及各自的应用（application）。7.Antonymsareoftenusedinproverbsto__A.formantithesistoachieveemphasisB.expressideaseasilyC.formmetaphorsD.expressideaseconomically答案：A解析：（P116）反义词（antonyms）常常被放置在一起形成对偶（antithesis）,以此起到强调的作用。许多格言、谚语都有此特征，例如：morehaste,lessspeed（欲速则不达）。8.Thesentence"Heisabigwheel."means .A.hehasabigcircleB.hislegsarelongC.hiscarhasbigwheelsD.heisaveryimportantperson答案D解析：（P174～175）题目中的“bigwheel”是个习语，意思是“重要的人物”，多用于口语。9.Accordingtothetextbook,thebest-knownunabridgeddictionaryis .A.TheWordBookDictionaryB.TheEncyclopediaAmericanaC.WebstersNewWorldDictionaryD.WebstersThirdNewInternationalDictionary答案：D解析：(P186)最具知名度的一本完整版大词典是《韦伯斯特新世界词典》（第三版），它拥有词条450,000个10.WhichofthefollowingcanbesaidaboutaBritishdictionary?A.ItisalwaysbetterthananAmericandictionary.B.OnecanalwaysexpecttofindAmericanusagesinit.C.OnecanneverexpecttofindAmericanusagesinit.D.Ittendstoincludemoregrammaticalinformation.答案：D（P190）与英国的词典相比，美国的词典包含更多百科全书的知识。英国词典，尤其是学生词典，所含语法信息较多。11.Theintroductionof_____hadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.A.HinduismB.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.Islam答案：B解析：（P25）基督教（Christianity）的引入对英语的词汇影响很大，带来了诸如abbot（修道院院长），candle（蜡烛），altar（圣坛）等词汇。12.____istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context答案：B解析：（P82）概念(concept)超越了语言本身，它是人们认知行为的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映。13.Itisnoticeablethat___overlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaning答案：D解析：（P92）搭配意义是在一个词与另外的词进行搭配时产生的意义。它的意义由在其前后和其搭配的词体现出来，这一点它和文体意义（stylisticmeaning）和情感意义（affectivemeaning）产生了重合，因为后二者的意义在某种程度上也是靠其搭配词语来体现的。14.Fromasynchronicpointofview,theword"wife"experiencedthesemanticchangeof .A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation答案：B：（P137）从共时性（synchronic）角度来看，wife一词经历了意义的缩小；其原义为“妇女”，缩小后的意义为“妻子”。15.BothLDCEandCCELDare__A.generaldictionariesB.monolingualdictionariesC.bothAandBD.neitherAnorB答案：B解析：（P185)《朗文当代英文词典》（LDCE）和《科林斯英语词典》（CCELD)在英国出版，两者都是单语词典。16.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof__ .A.humourB.sarcasmC.ridiculeD.alltheabove答案：D解析：（P102）同音异形异义词（homophones）根据其自身发音的特点，可以用来制造一些特定的文学效果，表达特殊的感情色彩，例如幽默、讽刺和嘲笑等。17.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanlanguageisthoughttobeahighly language.A.inflectedB.derivativeC.developedD.analytic答案：A解析：（P23）史前的印欧语言和现代语言有很大的不同，前者是一种具有高度屈折性的语言。18.MostEnglishwordscanbesaidtobeA.non-motivatedB.MotivatedC.ConnectedD.related答案：A解析：（P83）理据（motivation）表示的是语言符号和其意义之间的关系。词的形式和其意义之间的关系是约定俗成的，大多数的词都是非理据词（non-motivated）。19.ReferenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheA.speakersB.listenersC.worldD.specificcountry答案：C解析：（P81）“所指”表示的是语言和客观世界之间的关系。通过“所指”，说话者才能将所谈论的对象指明。20."Loudcolours"belongsto.A.transferofsensationsB.transferbetweenabstractmeaningsandconcretemeaningsC.transferfromobjectivemeaningstosubjectivemeaningsD.transferfromsubjectivemeaningstoobjectivemeanings答案：A解析：（P140～141）语义转移是指原本指一种事物的词转而指代其他事物的语义变化现象。通感语义转移（transferofsensations/sensationalsenseoftransfer）涉及两种感觉之间的语义转移，比如“loudcolors”的意思是“亮色”，涉及听觉和视觉之间的语义转移。21.Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare.A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradationB.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradationC.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradationD.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation答案：A解析：（P135-139）词义变化主要有以下四种：词义的延伸（extension）、词义的缩小（narrowing）、词义的升华（elevation）和词义的降格（degradation）。22."Playfastandloose"showsthefeatureofA.repetitionB.reiterationC.JuxtapositionD.rhyme答案：C（P174）并置（juxtaposition）是把不同的事物并列放置在一起（尤其是通常情况下不会并列存在的事物），通过对其进行比较制造出新的效果。本题中“fast”和“loose”是一对反义词，“playfastandloose”的意思是“行为轻率，反复无常”。23.ThefollowingarealldenominalsuffixesEXCEPT .A.–fulB.–wiseC.–lessD.-ike答案：B解析：（P49,P51）B项的-wise是副词后缀（adverbsuffix),其他三项均是名词后缀（denominalsuffixes)。24."AIDS"isa(n) .A.initialismB.acronymC.compoundD.derivative答案：B解析：（P66）首字母拼音词（acronym)是首字母缩略词的一种，所不同的是，它所组成后的单词仍可以按照一个正常词的读法来读。AIDS即为一例。25.ThefollowingareallexamplesofneologismsEXCEPT .A.chilloutB.SARSC.futurologyD.screw-driver答案：D解析：（P15）D项“screw-driver”的意思是“螺丝刀”，不属于新词的范畴，而其余三项则都是新词。26.WhichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutOldEnglish?A.OldEnglishborrowedheavilyfromLatinandotherlanguages.B.OldEnglishhasavocabularyof50,000to60,000.C.TheEnglishlanguagefrom450to1150isreferredtoasOldEnglish.D.OldEnglishwasmoreinflectedthanModernEnglish.答案：A解析：（P25～26）古英语的使用者从拉丁语和其他语言借用词语的现象并没有其后一段时期频繁。因此，A项符合要求。27.Stylisticmeaningreferstothefeaturesof ofwords.A.formalityB.affectivenessC.appropriatenessD.partofspeech答案：A解析：（P88～89）文体意义（stylisticmeaning)是指词语的正式程度（formality）。按照这个分类，词语可以分为正式、非正式语、文言语、古语和俚语等。28.Collocationcanaffect A.themeaningofwordsB.thestructureofsentencesC.thespellingofwordsD.thefunctionofwords答案：A（P91）搭配意义是指在一个句子中一个词受其临近的词的影响而产生的意义，这也就是说搭配可以影响一个词的意义。29.Thechangeofidiomfrom"fortuneswheel"to"thewheeloffortune"isA.replacementB.position-shiftingC.additionD.shortening答案：B解析：（P177）一些英语习语中的某个成分是可以被替换的，而且在替换的同时这个习语的意思没有变化。fortuneswheel和thewheeloffortune虽然形式不同，但是意义没有区别。30. arebestviewedintermsofascalerunningbetweentwopolesorextremes.A.ContradictorytermsB.RelativetermsC.ContrarytermsD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：（P112）对立反义词之间的差别可以通过在两个根本对立的意义之间的不同层级的意义来体现，比如在old和young之间还有middle-aged这个层次。1.31.The(___)approachinlexicologicalstudyisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsatagiventime.P97）synchronic2.32.Contentwordsarechangingallthetimewhereas(__)wordsarestable.答案：（P16）functional3.33.Contrarytermsare(__)antonyms.答案：（P115）gradable4.34.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive(_)ofreferents.（P156）indication5.35.Linguisticdictionariesaimat(__)andexplainingtheirusagesinthe language.（P185）definingwords6.36.Therelationshipbetweensoundandthemeaningofawordis__答案：（P7～8）arbitrary7.37.Thesameidiommayshowdifferenceswhenitisassigneddifferent___meaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.P172）stylistic8.38.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone___whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.P102headword9.39.__istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowords orawordplusapartofanotherword（P63）Blending10.Thepairof“queer”and“odd”canserveasanexampleof__答案：（P105）relativesynonyms三、Definethefollowingterms.(15%)1.41.semanticchangeP31）Semanticchangemeansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed.2.42.suffixation（P48）Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.3.43.collocativemeaning（P91）Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.4.44.extension（P135）Extensionofmeaning,alsoknownasgeneralization,isthenamegiventothewideningofthemeaningwhichsomewordsundergo.5.45.metonymy（P175）Metonymyreferstoidiomsinwhichthenameofonethingisusedforthatofanotherassociatedwithit.四、1.IllustratethedifferenceofsynchronicstudyanddiachronicstudyofEnglishlexicologywithanexample.答案：(P96～98)Thesynchronicapproachisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsatagiventime;itisthespecialdescriptivelexicologythatdealswiththevocabularyandvocabularyunitsofaparticularlanguageatacertaintime.Thediachronicapproachdealswiththechangesandthedevelopmentofvocabularyinthecourseoftime;itisthespecialhistoricallexicologythatdealswiththeevolutionofthevocabularyunitsofalanguageastimepasses.Fromasynchronicpointofview,thewordwife,forexample,nowmeans“amarriedwoman,especiallyinrelationtoherhusband”withoutanyconsiderationofthechangesinthepast.Butifwetakeadiachronicperspective,wewillconsiderthewordhistorically,lookingintoitsoriginandchangesinformandmeaning:thewordwifeevolvedfromtheOldEnglishform“wif”,meaning“woman”,butlateritbecamespecializedinthecourseofdevelopmenttothemodernmeaning“amarriedwoman”.2.Whatisaffectivemeaning?Whatarewordswithpositiveornegativeemotivevaluesusedtodenote?答案：（P89～90）Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginconversation.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeandpejorativetype.Wordsofpositiveovertonesareusedtoshowappreciationortheattitudeofapproval;thoseofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.3.Whatarethethreeareastoaccountforthedifferencebetweensynonyms?Illustrateyourpoints.答案：（P107～110）(1)Differenceindenotation.Synonymsmaydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Forexample,ofthepair“timid”and“timorous”,theformercanmeanastateofmindandthehabitualdispositionofaperson,butthelatteronlymeansdisposition.(2)Differenceinconnotation.Byconnotationwemeanthestylisticandemotivecoloringofwords.Somewordssharethesamedenotationbutdifferintheirstylisticappropriateness.Forexample,thewordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatinaremoreformalthannativewords.(3)Differenceinapplication.Manywordsaresynonymousinmeaningbutdifferentinusageinsimpleterms.Forexample,weuse“allowsb.todosth.”and“letsb.dosth.”.4.PleaseillustratethedifferencesbetweenAmericandictionariesandBritishdictionarieswithexamples.答案：（P190）ThereisageneraldifferencebetweenAmericandictionariesandBritishdictionaries.AmericandictionariescontainmoreencyclopedicinformationinthemainbodythanBritishdictionaries,forexample,thenamesofpeople,placesofhistoricalinterestandthelike,whereastheBritishdictionaries,especiallylearner’sdictionaries,includemoregrammaticalinformation.Generallyspeaking,onecanfindBritishusagesinanAmericandictionary.AsforAmericanusages,usersareadvisedtoconsultAmericandictionariesbecausechancesarethatsuch