教学大纲-生物学与细胞临床五年制等

中山大学UndergraduateCourseSchool(Department)：DepartmentofCourseTitle:BiologyandCell二〇BiologyandCell（编写日期：2016年7月）(Date:一、课程基本说明I.BasicCourseTitle:BiologyandcellCourseCourse3Class（）刘建中(副LiuOfferedofBiologyStudentsForensicHealth，Yearof1st ObjectiveandCellBiologyisanimportantbranchoflifesciencewhichfocusesonresearchingcellularstructures，functionsandotherbiologicalphenomena.Itiscloselyrelatedtomedicalscience,therebyservingasanimportantbasiccourseformedicaleducation.Themajorgoalofthiscourseistoensurethemedicalschoolstudentsunderstandthecutting-edgeandtrendofcellbiology.Weexpectthemedicalstudentswillnotonlymasterthebasicknowledgeofthecellsincludingthemechanismandfunctionalsignificanceoftheindividualcellcomponentscutting-edgeandtrendofcellbiology.Weexpectthemedicalstudentswillnotonlymasterthebasicknowledgeofthecellsincludingthemechanismandfunctionalsignificanceoftheindividualcellcomponentsbutalsolearnthenovelmethodandtechnologyinthefielduponthetraining,whichwillultima ybenefittheteachingofothertheoreticalandclinicalmedical,thiscourserequiresthatthestudentsinformedthestructureandthefunctionofcellcomponents,masterthecharacteristicsandmolecularmechanismunderlyingcellactivities.IICourse（一）课程内容i.Course（含学时分配，学时分配要到“章”或“节”，并对各章节的重点、难点内容加以必要的说明）(Pleaseprovideacoursecalendar;specifywhichchapterorsectiontheclasshourwouldcover;providenecessaryinformationonthekeypoints,difficultpointsandotheryouthinknecessarytoclarifyineachChapter1.教学内容Teachingcontents2学时2Class细胞生物学概述Introductionofcell细胞生物学发展的几个主要阶段Majorperiodsduringtheevolutionofcell细胞生物学与医学Cellbiologyandmedical教学要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptofcellbiology,severalmajoreventsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology,contentandtheoriginatorofcelltheory,majorresearchfieldsincellbiology.Tobefamiliarwith:hottopicsincellbiology,severalminoreventsduringtheevolutioncellToknowgenerally:therelationshipbetweencellbiologyandmedical重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:severalperiodsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology.Difficultpoints:severalperiodsduringtheevolutionofcellbiology.胞的概念与分子Chapter2.Theconceptandmolecularbasisof教学内容Teachingcontents(4学时,4Classhours;实验：9学时,Experiment:9class细胞的基本概念Basicconceptof细胞的与进化Originandevolutionof细胞的分子基础Molecularbasisof教学要求Teaching的含量与种类及分子结构，tRNA的分子结构，氨基酸的基本组成，蛋白质的一至四级结乳类细胞膜的糖脂类型，细胞的与进化，Miller模拟进化的实验内容，酸性氨基了解：miRNAsiRNA（RNA干扰）的作用机制，piRNA、snRNA、核酶、四类糖Tograspfirmly:conceptofthecell,majordifferencesamongprokaryoticcells(mycoplasma,bacteria,archaebacteria),eukaryoticcelland,compositionandfunctionofsmallbiologicalmolecules,chemicalcompositionofnucleicacids,polymerizationofacids,typesofnucleicacids,DNAdoublehelixmodel,basepairingrule,molecularstructureandfeatureofmRNA,typesofrRNAanditsstructure,tRNAstructure,basiccompositionofaminoacid,primary,secondary,tertiarystructure,Quaternarystructure,proteinphorsphorylationanddephorsphorylation,threecharacteristicsofenzyme,existingformofsugarincellsurface,twolinkagemodeofsugarandprotein,majorfunctionofsugarchainincellsurface.Tobefamiliarwith:structuredifferencesamongprokaryoticcells(mycoplasma,bacteria,archaebacteria),eukaryoticcelland,typesofglycolipidsincellsurface,originandevolutionofcell,Millerexperimentthatmocktheoriginoflife,acidandalkalineaminoacid,proteinstructure.Toknowgenerally:mechanismofmiRNAandsiRNA,conceptofsnRNA,piRNA,ribozyme,typesofglycolipids重点与难点Keyanddifficult重点：细胞的分子基础，DNA难点：细胞的分子基础，RNAKeyPoints:molecularbasisofcell,DNADifficultpoints:molecularbasisofcell,molecularstructureandtypesof胞膜与物质的穿膜Chapter4.Thecellmembraneandtrans-membranetransportof教学内容Teachingcontents(4学时,4Classhours;实验：3学时,Experiment:3class小分子物质和离子的穿膜Chemicalcompositionofcellmembraneanditsbiologicalcharacteristics大分子和颗粒物质的穿膜Trans-membranetransportofsmallmoleculesand细胞表面特化结构SpecializedstructuresincellDysfunctionofcellmembraneanditsrelating教学要求Teaching白与脂双层结合方式分为哪3类及其与膜脂结合方式，膜不对称的3个方面，膜脂分子能4种功能，糖蛋白与糖脂中低聚糖侧链的功能，膜蛋白的运动性，细胞膜的流动镶2种形式。了解：构成膜糖的单糖类型，细胞膜的片层结构模型和单位膜结构模型，3类运Tograspfirmly:componentsofcellmembrane,3typesoflipidsincellmembrane,ratioandtypesofphospholipids,distributionofsphingomyelininneuralcellmembrane,functionofcholesterolincellmembrane,distributionofsugarlipidsincellmembrane,nameoftypesofmembraneproteinsbasedontheirmodeofinteractionwithlipids,distributionandeffectofsialicacidoncellmembrane,theasymmetryofcellularmembrane,movementmodesforlipids,influencefactorsformembranemobility,simplediffusionandtherelatingmolecules,passivetransportanditsrelatingproteins,carrierproteinmediatedfacilitateddiffusion,activetransportanditscharacteristics,receptormediatedendocytosis.Tobefamiliarwith:typesofglycerolphospholipid,thesimplestandcomplicatedglycolipids,proteinfunctionincellularmembrane,thefunctionofsugarchaininglycoproteinandglycolipids,motilityofproteinincellularmembrane,fluidmosaicmodelofcelllularmembrane,characteristicsofchannelprotein,endocytosisandexocytosis.Toknowgenerally:sugartypesincellularmembrane,otherproposedmodelsofcellularmembraneinadditiontothefluidmosaicmodel,channelproteinsinpassivetransport,specializedstructuresoncellsurface,conceptofcellularmembrane,extracellularmatrixandtheirfunction,dysfunctionofcarrierproteinanditsrelatingdisease,dysfunctionofchannelproteinanditsrelatingdisease,dysfunctionofreceptoranditsrelatingdisease.重点与难点Keyanddifficult跨膜。难点：小分子物质的跨膜，大分子和颗粒物质的跨膜KeyPoints:chemicalcompositionandmolecularstructureofcellularmembrane,trans-membranetransportofsmallmolecules,macro-moleculesandparticles.Difficultpoints:trans-membranetransportofsmallmolecules,macro-moleculesand第五章细胞的内膜系统与囊泡转Chapter5.Cellmembranesystemandvesicle教学内容Teachingcontents5.5学时5.5Class1)内质网oplasmicreticulum2)复合体Golgi溶酶体过氧化物酶体Vesicleandvesicle细胞内膜系统与医学的关系Relationshipbetweencellmembranesystemandmedical教学要求Teaching膜糖蛋白具有高度同源性，过氧化物酶体的形态结构，囊泡类型。膜驻留蛋白的与转移，复合体的发现，复合体膜的基本成分，溶酶体的发现，过氧化物酶体的发现、发生，内质网的病理变化，复合体的病理形态变化，Tograspfirmly:theconceptofcellularmembranesystem,oplasmicreticulum(ER)accountsforthemajorformofcellularendo-membranesystem,typicalenzymeinER,ERmorphologyandstructure,rERfunction,signalpeptideandsignalpeptidehypothesis,sERfunction,DetoxificationmechanismofrER,threetypesofvesiclesingolgicomplex,polarityofgolgicomplex,typicalenzymesingolgicomplex,functionofgolgicomplex,functionoflysosome,typicalenzymesinlysosome,classificationoflysosomesbasedontheoriginandfunction,functionofperoxysome,typicalenzymesinperoxysome,functionofcopiandcopiiTobefamiliarwith:3typesofproteinsinER,signalpeptidesofproteinsretainedinER,glycosylationprocessinrER,proteintransportwithincellendo-membranesystemS,lipidsynthesisinERmembranesystemandlipidtransportfromERtoothercellendo-membranesystem,proteincomplexingolgicomplex,proteincharacteristicinlysosome,structureofperoxysome,typesofvesicles.Toknowgenerally:thediscoveryhistoryofER,specializedstructureofER,detailedmechanismofsignalpeptidefunctioninproteinsretainedinER,thediscoveryofgolgicomplex,distributionofgolgicomplexindifferenttypesofcells,lipidsingolgi,discoveryoflysosome,peroxysome,originofperoxysome,dysfunctionofER,golgicomplexrelatingdisease,vesiclestransportmechanism.重点与难点Keyanddifficult重点：内质网，复合体，溶酶体，囊泡与囊泡转运。KeyPoints:ER,golgicomplex,lysosome,vesiclestransport.Difficultpoints:ER,lysosome.第六章线粒体与细胞的能量转Chapter6.MitochondrionandEnergy教学内容Teachingcontents4学时4Class线粒体的基本特征Basiccharacteristicsofthe细胞呼吸与能量转换cellularrespirationandenergyenergy线粒体与人类学和医学研究mitochondrionandanthropology教学要求Teaching掌握：线粒体的超微结构、化学组成及作用，酸的分解，三的作用；氧化学渗透假说的主要内容，基粒的结构和功能，ATP的合成机制，能量转换的效率，细胞Tograspfirmly:thestructure,chemicalcompositionandfunctionofmitochondrion;thepositionofpyruvate;theroleofcitricacidcycle;themolecularstructure,functionandmachanismoftheoxidativephosphorylation;electrontransportrespiratorychain;themaincontentofchemiosmoticcouplinghypothesis;thestructure,functionandmechanismofelementaryparticle/ATPase;theefficiencyofenergyconversion;themainprocesseslocationsofcellularTobefamiliarwith:themarkerenzymesofoutmembrane,innermembrane,intermembranespaceandmatrix;theinfluenceonmorphologyandamountofmitochondrion;thegeneticsystemandsemi-autonomousofmitochondrion;thetransportofmitochondrionproteinfromnucleus;molecularchaperone.Toknowgenerally:thechemicalcompositionofmitochondrion;precursorprotein;mtDNAgenome;glycolysis;citricacidcycle;thefeatureofmitochondrialdisease.重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:thestructureandenergyconversionofDifficultpoints:electrontransportrespiratorychain;oxidativephosphorylation;thebindingchangemechanismforATPsynthase.胞骨架与细胞的运Chapter7.Cytoskeletonandcell教学内容Teachingcontents(3学时,3Classhours;实验：3学时,Experiment:3class微管微丝intermediatecytoskeletonandcell细胞骨架与疾病cytoskeletonand教学要求Teaching管的功能，马达蛋白分为哪3个，肌动蛋白与微丝的结构，微丝结合蛋白的分类及其3（，微管的体外装配，微管的体内装配，微管的驱动蛋白与动力蛋白的间丝的组装特点，中间丝的装配与调节。Tograspfirmly:theconcept,distributionandfunctionofcytoskeleton;thestructuresoftubulinandmicrotubule;theconceptsofMTOCgamma-tubulinringcomplexandcentrosome;dynamicinstabilityandtreadmillingofmicrotubule;thefunctionofmicrotubule;thecategoriesofmotorprotein;thestructuresofactinandmicrofilament;thecategoriesandfunctionsofactinbindingprotein;thefunctionofmicrofilament;thestructure,categoriesandfunctionofintermediatefilament.Tobefamiliarwith:theconcept,categories,distributionandfunctionofmicrotubuleassociatedprotein;threephasesofmicrotubuleassembly(nucleationphase,transportdirectionsandfeaturesofkinesinanddynein;microfilamentassembly;dynamicinstabilityandtreadmillingofmicrofilament;thefeaturesandregulationofintermediatefilamentassembly.Toknowgenerally:theinfluenceofmicrotubuleassemblyanddepolymerization;theinfluenceofmicrofilamentassembly;themolecularbasisofmusclecontraction;thediscoveringandnamingofintermediatefilament;themechanismofcellmotility;intermediatefilamentwithcancer,nervoussystemdiseaseandgeneticdisease.重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:thestructures,assemblyandfunctionofmicrotubuleandmicrofilament.Difficultpoints:microtubuleassemblyandtreadmilling.胞Chapter8.教学内容Teachingcontents(5.5学时,5.5Classhours;实验：3学时,Experiment:3classhours)核膜nuclear染色质与chromatinand核仁核基质nuclear细胞核的功能thefunctionof细胞核与疾病nucleusand教学要求Teaching了解：人类分组；特殊类型的，命名规则；核仁周期；细胞核与Tograspfirmly:thestructure,chemicalcompositionandroleofnuclearmembrane;thestructureandfunctionofnuclearporecomplex;theconceptandroleofnuclearlocalizationsignal;theconceptofnuclearlamina;theconceptandchemicalcompositionofchromatin;therolesofhistoneandnonhistoneproteins;therelationshipanddifferenceofheterochromatinandeuchromatin;themainstructureofnucleosome;thestructureofchromosome;theelementarystructuresofchromosome;thestructureandroleofnucleosome;thefunctionofnucleus.Tobefamiliarwith:thestructureofcentromere-kinetochorecomplex;karyotype;nucleolusorganizingchromosome;theroleofnuclearlamina;thestructureandchemicalcompositionofnuclearskeleton;thechangeofnuclearmembraneduringthecellcycle.Toknowgenerally:humankaryogram;specialtypeofchromosome;namingruleofchromosome;nucleolarcycle;nucleusanddisease.重点与难点Keyanddifficult难点：染色质包装为的过程KeyPoints:thestructureofnuclearmembrane,nuclearporecomplex,nucleosomeandnucleolus;chromatinandchromosome.Difficultpoints:theprocessofchromosome胞连接与细胞粘Chapter10.Celljunctionandcell教学内容Teachingcontents(3学时3Class细胞连接Cell细胞粘附Cell教学要求Teaching方式，免疫球蛋白超概念，免疫球蛋白超黏附分子的结构和功能。2天疱疮的病因，钙粘素与疾病，免疫球蛋白超黏附分子与医学，整联蛋白与医学。Tograspfirmly:theconceptandcategoriesofcelljunctions;thelocation,structureandfunctionoftightjunction;theconceptandtwotypesofanchoringjunction;structuralproteinsofanchoringjunction;theconceptofadheringjunction;thetransmembraneadhesionproteinforadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;locationofadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;theconceptofdesmosomejunction;locationofdesmosomejunction;thetransmembraneadhesionproteinforhemidesmosome;mainfunctionsofhemidesmosome;theconceptofcommunicatingjunction;twotypesofcommunicatingjunctioninanimals;twotypesofgapjunction;synapse;thestructureandlocationofgapjunction;thebasiccomponentofgapjunction(connexon);theconceptandroleofcelladhesion;fourtypesofcelladhesionmolecules;thestructuralsofcelladhesionmolecules;thestructureandfunctionofcadherin.Tobefamiliarwith:intracellularanchorproteinsofadhesionbeltandfocaladhesion;thestructureofdesmosomalplaque;threewaysofcelladhesionmoleculestomediatecellrecognitionandadhesion;themolecularstructure,functionandfamilymembersofselectin;thestructureandfunctionofimmunoglobin-superfamily.Toknowgenerally:pathogenicreasonsforpemphigusandbullouspemphigoid;therelationshipbetweencadherin,immunoglobin-superfamily,andintegrinanddiseases.重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:typesofcelljunctions;celladhesionmoleculesandcelladhesion.Difficultpoints:characteristicsofcelljunctionsandcelladhesion.第十一章细胞外基质及其与细胞的相互Chapter11.Extracellularmatrixandcell-cell教学内容Teachingcontents(3学时3Class细胞外基质的主要组分Maincomponentsofextracellular基膜与整联蛋白Basallaminaand细胞外基质与细胞的相互作用Extracellularmatrixandcell-cell教学要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptsandcategoriesofextracellularmatrix;thestructureofglycosaminoglycan;sixtypesofglycosaminoglycan;structuralcharacteristicsofhyaluronicacid;molecularstructureofproteoglycan;molecularstructureofcollagen;thesynthesis,installationanddegradationofcollagen;thefunctionofelastin;thecommoncharacteristicsofnon-collagenglycoproteinsinextracellularmatrix;thestructureandtwoformsoffibronectin;thestructureoflaminin;theconceptandbiologicalfunctionofbasallamina.Tobefamiliarwith:theframeworkofextracellularmatrix;thesynthesisandinstallationofproteoglycaninendoplasmicreticulum;themaincharacteristicsofproteoglycan;molecularstructureofelastin;thecompositionofelasticfiber;locationofbasallamina;thecomponentsofbasallamina.Toknowgenerally:celltypesthatcansynthesizeandsecretcollagen;extracellularmatrixandcell-cellinteraction;extracellularmatrixanddiseases.重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:maincomponentsofextracellularDifficultpoints:maincomponentsofextracellularmatrix;installationofcollagen第十二章胞信号转Chapter12.Cellsignal教学内容Teachingcontents(3学时3ClassKeymoleculesinsignal细胞内主要的信号转导通路Importantsignaltransduction信号通路的整合与调控Integrationandregulationofsignaltransduction信号转导与人类疾病Signaltransductionpathwaysandhuman教学要求TeachingTograspfirmly:conceptsoffirstmessenger,secondmessengerandreceptor;thenatureandcategoriesofreceptor;cellsurfacereceptorandintracellularreceptor;molecularswitchesinsignaltransduction;conceptsofproteinphosphorylation,proteinkinaseandproteinphosphatase;theworkingmodelofGTPbindingproteins;namesofcommonsecondmessengers;importantsignaltransductionpathwaysincells;functionsofthemainsignalpathwaysmediatedbyGprotein-coupledreceptor;maineffectorsofGprotein-coupledreceptor;fourtypesofenzyme-linkedreceptormediatedsignalpathways;commoncharacteristicsofsignalTobefamiliarwith:conceptsofautocrine,paracrineandendocrine;proteolysisrelatedsignalpathways;signalpathwaysmediatedbyintracellularreceptors;signaltransductionToknowgenerally:adaptorprotein;integrationofsignalpathwaynetworks;cellularresponsetoextracellularsignals;signaltransductionanddiseases.重点与难点Keyanddifficult活蛋白激酶C。KeyPoints:categoriesandfunctioningmechanismofreceptors;mainsignaltransductionpathwaysinsidecells.Difficultpoints:Gprotein-coupledreceptorsactivateorinhibitadenylatecyclaseandregulatecellmetabolism;Gprotein-coupledreceptorsactivateproteinkinaseC.第十三章细胞与细胞周Chapter13.Celldivisionandcell教学内容Teachingcontents(4学时,4Classhours;实验：6学时,Experiment:6class细胞cell细胞周期cell细胞周期的调控theregulationofcell细胞周期与医学cellcycleand教学要求Teaching蛋白依赖性激酶概念，Cyclin-Cdk复合物是细胞周期调控体系的，Cdk激酶抑制物，熟悉：MPF的发现和命名，重组节，减数的意义，细胞周期蛋白多通过泛素化了解：有丝的变异形式--封闭式有丝，无丝的概念和特征，泛素化降解机制，细胞减数及其调控，癌和抑癌在细胞周期调控中的作用，细胞周Tograspfirmly:theconcept,significance,stagingandcharacteristicofmitosis;theconceptsofmitoticapparatus,meiosis,synaptonemalcomplexand binationnodule;thechangesinprophaseofmeiosisI;similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis;theconceptandstagingofcellcycle;theconceptsofcyclinandcyclin-independentkinase;cyclin-cdkisthecoreoftheregulationofcellcycle;cdkinhibitorprotein;theregulatefactorsofcellcycle;theconcept,categoriesandfunctionofcellcyclecheckpoint.Tobefamiliarwith:thediscoveringandnamingofMPF; binationnodule;thesignificanceofmeiosis;theubiquitinationofcyclin.Toknowgenerally:closedmitosis;theconceptandcharacteristicofamitosis;themechanismofubiquitination;meiosisofoocyteanditsregulation;theroleofoncogeneandanti-oncogeneintheregulationofcellcycle;therelationshipofcellcycleandmedicine.重点与难点Keyanddifficult重点：细胞的方式，细胞各个时期的特点。KeyPoints:themannerofcelldivision;thecharacteristicsofthephasesofcelldivision.Difficultpoints:cellcycleandtheregulationofcellcycle.第十五章胞Chapter11.Cell教学内容Teachingcontents(4学时4Class细胞分化的基本概念theconceptofcell细胞分化的分子基础themolecularbasisofcell细胞分化的影响因素theinfluencefactorsofcell细胞分化的医学意义themedicalsignificanceofcell教学要求Teaching胚层，细胞决定的概念，细胞分化的表达调控，研究细胞分化机制的经典实验，效应和父体效应，胚胎诱导的概念方式，旁分泌因子的四个主要及其重编程，小RNA的种类及其与细胞分化的关系，去分化和转分化，同源异型框的概作用，组印迹的概念，细胞分化的医学意义。Tograspfirmly:theconcept,characteristics,molecularbasis,universalruleandinfluenceofcelldifferentiation;thethreeprimarygermlayersofananimalembryo;theconceptofcelldetermination;theregulationofgeneexpressionofcelldifferentiation;theclassicalexperimentofcelldifferentiation;maternaleffectgeneandpaternaleffectgene;theconceptandimplementationofembryonicinduction;thecategoriesandeffectsofparacrinefactors.Tobefamiliarwith:theconceptsoftotipotency,multipotency,unipotencyandcellline;embryonicstemcell;inducedpluripotencystemcell;cellularreprogramming;thecategoriesofmiRNA;therelationshipofmiRNAandcelldifferentiation;dedifferentiationandtransdifferention;theconceptandfunctionofhomeoboxgene.Toknowgenerally:twoinfluencesofcelldetermination;theexceptionsofcelldifferentiation;theroleofchromatincovalentmodificationingenetranscription;theconceptofgeneimprinting;themedicalsignificanceofcelldifferentiation.重点与难点KeyanddifficultKeyPoints:theconceptandinfluenceofcelldifferentiationDifficultpoints:themolecularbasisofcelldifferentiation.第十六章胞Chapter16.Cellsenescenceandcell教学内容Teachingcontents(3学时3Class细胞衰老Cell细胞的Cell教学要求Teaching掌握：细胞衰老的概念，机老的概念，细胞衰老的形态变化，不育细胞群、暂熟悉：细胞衰老和机老的关系，Hayflick界限学说，端粒的概念和功能，哺乳动物细胞的凋亡相关及其功能。Tograspfirmly:theconceptsofcellsenescenceandbodyaging,morphologicalchangescausedbycellsenescence;theconceptsofinfertilecellpopulation,temporaryundividingcellpopulation,andadultstemcells;therelationshipbetweencellsenescence,proliferationabilityanddifferentiationstatus;importantmodelsforstudyingcellsenescence;changesincellmorphology,structureandmetabolismofsenescentcells;therelationshipbetweencellsenescenceandmembranesystemchanges;themechanismandtheoriesofcellsenescence;categoriesofcellsenescence-relatedgenes;affectingfactorsofadultstemcellsenescence;twotypesof