医学英语教程(4)课件

医学英语教程（4）常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病

acutediseases急性病advanceddiseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronicdiseases慢性病communicablediseases传染病complicatingdiseases并发病congenitaldiseases先天性疾病acquireddiseases后天性疾病contagiousdiseases接触性传染病endemicdiseases地方病epidemicdiseases流行病functionaldiseases机能病、官能病infectiousdiseases传染病inheriteddiseases遗传病malignantdiseases恶性病nutritionaldiseases营养病occupationdiseases职业病organicdiseases器质性病paroxysmaldiseases阵发性病periodicaldiseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondarydiseases继发病sexual(venereal,social)diseases性病terminaldiseases绝症wastingdiseases消耗性疾病symptoms症状

cardinalsymptom主要症状classicalsymptom典型症状concomitantsymptom伴发症状constitutional(systemic)symptom全身症状indirectsymptom间接症状inducedsymptom诱发症状localsymptom局部症状mentalsymptom精神症状symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群signs体征

antecedent前驱征assident(accessory)副征commemorative后遗症signofdeath死征Diagnostic诊断征signofdisease病征subjective自觉征，主观征veinsign静脉征vitalsign生命体征

bodylength(heightofthebody)身高bodyweight体重barrelchest桶状胸cachexia恶病质compulsiveposition被动体位criticalfacies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion睑内翻exophthalmos眼球突出

flushedface面色潮红gain(loss)inweight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸nasalalaflap鼻翼扇动nystagmus眼震obesity肥胖pallor苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility,weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness,vertigo眩晕lassitude,fatigue无力，倦怠

hemorrhage,bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock休克response反应，应答reaction反应，感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡fever,pyrexia发烧，发热

continuousfever稽留热intermittentfever间歇热low-gradefever低热remittentfever驰张热relapsingfever回归热backache背痛colic绞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛headache头痛neuralgia神经痛migraine偏头痛reboundtenderness反跳痛somatalgia躯体痛sorethroat咽喉痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛bloodysputum带血的痰cough咳嗽drycough干咳expectoration咳痰expectorationofblood咳血hemoptysis咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停，窒息asthma气喘，哮喘CheyneStokesrespiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困难hyperpneahyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratoryarrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetidbreath口臭fruitybreath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiacarrest心搏骤停cardiachypertrophy心脏肥大cyanosis发绀，青紫distensionofjugularvein颈静脉怒张extrasystole期外收缩galloprhythm奔马律hemopleura血胸hepatojugularreflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速pneumothorax气胸thrill震颤absentbreathsounds呼吸音消失dullsound浊音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus,rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鸣音analfissure,crackintheanalcanal肛裂ascites腹水board-likerigidityoftheabdomen板状腹decreasedtactilefremitus触觉性震颤减弱exophagealvarices食管静脉曲张fistula瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly肝肿大intussusception肠套叠jaundice黄疸muscleguarding,defenceoftheabdominalwall腹壁肌卫peristalsis蠕动lossofperistalsis蠕动消失massperistalsis总蠕动retrograde(reversed)peristalsis逆蠕动prolapse脱垂prolapseofanus脱肛rectalprolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus肠扭转calculus结石，石biliarycalculus胆结石vesicalcalculus膀胱结石anuria无尿burningsensationnourination排尿时的灼烧感dysurea排尿困难，尿痛enuresis,bedwetting遗尿frequencyofurination尿频micturation排尿uresis,urination,voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesicaltenesmus排尿时里急后重uremiacoma尿毒症昏迷urgencyofurination尿急urinaryincontinence尿失禁aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿blotch斑点bruise挫伤，青肿acne痤疮，粉刺desquamation脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis瘀斑lossofskinturgor失去皮肤充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着pustule脓疱purpura紫癫rednodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senileplaque老人斑spideranaioma蛛形痣subcutaneousnodule皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹vesicle小水疱vitiligo白斑blindness失明blurredvision,visualdisturbance视力模糊impairedvision视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明retinaldetachment视网膜脱离deafness聋hearingloss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dislocation脱位fracture骨折closed(simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminutedfracture粉碎性骨折compoundfracture哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm痉挛tetany(肌)强直，手足抽搦wristdrop腕下垂aphasia失语ataxia共济失调coma昏迷consciousness知觉，意识convulsion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increasedintracranialpressure颅内压增高insanity精神错乱lossoforientation定向丧失mania躁狂memorydefects,amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectilevomiting喷射性呕吐somnolence,(lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral(febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,...)crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure衰竭，故障central(circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal,respiratory)failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊laboratoryexamination实验室检查physicalexamination体格检查rectal(vaginal)touch直肠（阴道）指诊impression印象tentativediagnosis暂定诊断differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断finaldiagnosis最后诊断prognosis预后prescription处方incubation(latent)period潜伏期prodromalstage前驱期incipientstage初期quiescentstage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence(recovery)stage恢复期rehabilitation康复relapse复发suddendeath猝死moribund濒死的courseofthedisease病程courseofthetreatment疗程indication适应症，指征complication并发症contraindication禁忌症side-effect副作用