大便常规 英文课件

StoolanalysisWhyHelpdiagnosediseasesofthedigestivetract,liver,andpancreas.Certainenzymes(suchastrypsinorelastase)maybeevaluatedinthestooltohelpdeterminehowwellthepancreasisfunctioning.Helpdeterminethecauseofsymptomsaffectingthedigestivetract,includingprolongeddiarrhea（慢性腹泻）,bloodydiarrhea,anincreasedamountofgas,nausea,vomiting,lossofappetite,bloating（胀气）,abdominalpainandcramping（痉挛）,andfever.WhyScreenforcolorectalcancerbycheckingforhidden(occult)blood.

Detectthepresenceofparasites,suchaspinwormsorGiardialamblia.Detectandidentifycertaintypesofbacteriathatcancausedisease.Thistestiscalledastoolcultureandcanalsobeusedtodetectaninfectioncausedbyafungusorvirus.contentsAnexaminationofthephysicalcharacteristicsofthestoolforcolor,consistency,weight(volume),shape,odor,and

thepresenceofmucus.Thestoolmaybeexaminedforhidden(occult)blood,fat,meatfibers,bile,whitebloodcells,andsugarscalledreducingsubstances.ThepHofthestoolalsomaybemeasured.

MusclefibreamylumFatballepitheliummicrozymeWBCRBCSaltcrystalStoolanalysis

StoolanalysisUpperGItract(usuallyblackstools):Bleedingstomachorduodenalulcer

Gastritis

EsophagealvaricesMallory-Weisstear(atearintheesophagusfromviolentvomiting)TraumaorforeignbodyBowelischemia(alackofproperbloodflowtotheintestines)VascularmalformationBLACKTARRYSTOOLBeworried.

Ironsupplementscancauseblackstool,buttheother,morealarmingcauseisdigestedBLOOD.

Bloodcanturnthestoolblack,called"MELENA"..conditionslikeheartburn胃灼热,ulcers,cancer,anyGIdisease,asthesemaybethesourceofthebleeding.Fecaloccultbloodtesting

Whatisitusedfor?Afecaloccultbloodtestisoftenusedtodectectcolorectalcancer

init'searlystages,whichhasnoothersignsorsymptoms.Fecaloccultbloodtestsareusuallyrecommendedannuallyforpeopleover50yearsold.Peopleathighriskforcolorectalcancerbecauseoffamilyhistoryorpolypsshouldbegintestingatage40.Whatisthepreparation?Youshouldnottestifyou:HaveactivebleedingfromahemorrhoidoranalfissureHavebloodinyoururineHavetakenasprinorothernonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)inthepast7daysAreawomanhavingyourmenstralperiodorduringthefirstthreedaysaftertheendofyourperiodWhatisthepreparation?Atleast72hoursbeforethetest,thefollowingdietarychangesshouldbemade:Avoidtakingmorethan250mg/dayofVitaminC

Avoideatingredmeat(beeforlamb),includingliverandprocessedmeatsAvoideatingrawfruitsandvegetables,especiallymelons,radishes,turnips,andhorseradishAnytoiletbowelcleansersshouldberemovedfromthetoilet,astheycanaffecttheresultsofthetest.CulturingtheStool

Stoolcanbeculturedfordisease-causingbacteria.Rememberthatnotallbacteriainthestoolcauseproblems;infact,over80%ofstoolisbacteria,mostofwhichlivetherenormallyandarenecessaryfordigestion.

NormalBacterialFlora

NormalBacterialFlora

菌群失调菌群失调STRINGYSTOOL

Ifyourstoolcomesoutinalongthinstringdespiteanormalappetiteandnormaleatingpatterns,thismaybeacauseforconcern.

Youcouldhaveaparasiticinfection(worms).

amoebiasisPinworm蛲虫Roundworm

蛔虫Trematode吸虫doctormayorderastoolcollectiontotestforavarietyofpossibleconditionsallergyorinflammationinthebody,suchaspartoftheevaluationofmilkproteinallergyininfantsinfection,ascausedbysometypesofbacteri