2020江苏英语高考-任务型阅读

2020江苏英语高考■任务型阅读TheMaginotLinewasoneofthelargestmilitarystructureseverbuilt,secondonlytotheGreatWallofChina.Itwasaseriesofsandtraps,forts,turrets（炮塔）,andobstaclesthatspannedmorethan450milesofFrance'sborderwithGermany.Builtbetween1930and1940,itwasoneoftheworld'smostimpressiveforts,yetitprovedtobealmostuseless.TheMaginotLinewasnamedafterthemanwhoarguedforitsconstruction,FrenchMinisterofWarAndreMaginot.AndreMaginothadfoughtwiththeFrenchagainsttheGermansintheFirstWorldWar.MuchofthisconflicttookplacealongtheWesternFront,whichwasalineoftrenches（战壕）acrosswhichthetwosidesfacedoneanother.Bothsidesdugindeepandeachlostmanymenoverlittleground.Conditionswerehorridforallandtherewasadeadlockformanyyearsasneithersidewasabletomovetheother.Maginotneverforgottheseawfulconditions.HewantedtobuildalineofdefensesthatwouldgivetheFrenchanadvantageinasimilarconflict.ItmadesensethathefearedthattheGermanswouldattackFranceagain.Germany'spopulationnearlydoubledFrance's.ThelineofdefensesthatMaginotpicturedwouldallowasmallerFrencharmytoholdoffalargerGermanforce.In1929,MaginotconvincedtheFrenchParliamenttofundhisvision.Thoughcallingitalinemakesitseemthin,theMaginotLinewasinfactquitedeep.Itwasfifteenmileswideatsomepointsandvariedinstructure.Therewereoutposts（前哨站）disguised（伪装）ashouses.Theseweremannedbytroopsandequippedwithexplosives.Therewereantitankrailsandobstacles.Thesewereplantedinthegroundtopreventtanksandtrucksfrompassing.Thereweresandtrapsarmedwithmountedmachinegunsandanti-tankguns.Thesewereforpushingbackattackers.Andthereweremanylargeandsmallfortresses（堡垒）alongtheline.Eachhaddininghalls,lotsofsupplies,andairconditioning.TheMaginotlinewouldgivetheFrenchasupremeedgeinthecaseofahead-oninvasionbytheGermans.UnfortunatelyfortheFrench,theGermansdidnotattackhead-on.Theypositionedadecoy（诱饵）armyinfrontofthelinetodistracttheFrench.WhiletheFrenchwaited,theGermanssnuckalargerforcethroughBelgium.BelgiumisFrance'snortheasternneighbor.TheFrenchdidhavesomedefensesalongtheirborderwithBelgium,butthispartoftheMaginotlinewasweak.TheGermansmadequickworkofthesedefenses.WithinfivedaysoftheirinitialattacktheywerewellintoFrance.OncetheywereinFrance,theGermansattemptedtoseizethemainfortsalongtheMaginotLine.Theywerenotsuccessful.Thefortshadprovedtobestrong,buttheyfailedtoholdbacktheGermans.TheGermanshadtakenParis,France'scapitalcity.SoonaftertheFrenchcommanderorderedhismentostanddown.HecommandedtheFrenchdefenderstoleavetheirbasesalongtheMaginotLine.ThesesoldierswerethentakentoPOWcamps.WhiletheMaginotLinedidnotworkinthewaythattheFrenchhadhoped,theydidbenefitbyhavingbuiltit.BelgiumandEnglandwerestrongallies.EnglandhadpromisedtoprotectBelgium.Belgiumdeclareditselfaneutralcountry,onewhichwantedtostayoutofwars.WhenGermanyinvadedBelgiumtobypasstheMaginotLine,theyviolatedBelgium'sneutrality.ThisledtoEnglandenteringthewarsooner.ThoughtheMaginotLineisnolongerusedmilitarily,manyofthebuildingsremain.Someofthefortsarenowwinecellars(酒窖)ormushroomfarms.Onewasturnedintoadiscoclub.TodaytheMaginotLineisoftenusedasametaphor.PeoplemayrefertoafailedprojectinwhichsomeoneplacedalotofhopeasaMaginotLine.Also,theMaginotLinelivesonasthebest-knownsymbolofthecommonsayingthat"generalsalwaysfightthelastwar."IntroductionBuiLlbeiwecii1930andW40,itwasthe1hirgestmilitiirystrucLiireeverbuiH.onlynexttothetirealufChina..I(wasmadeupofvarietiesofibrts,2morethan450milesofFrance^borderwithGcnmany.InWWI,dieWestcmFromwasdcidlinkedformanyboth.3htavylosses.NcvCtlOrgCtlmgiCrfibltcortditninSjAndrebmldirl^aIinCofdcicnscstoth-cirown4,consideringGermanyhasnearlytwi-cc(hepopulationofFrance.WhatdidthetnsidcofthtLiiwlocklike?Oncosts5labewerecorikdlLedbyaridequippedwdhexploKives^Aniitankr^iik當idobsiacles.Avert卩]antedbopreventvehicles卩liningandsandwerearinedwith花壮忖占to加怕Fortressesalong：theLinehadcaniccnshiiipplicsiiridair-condihennng.7wimthuLineouLofadion?Gcmitinygaveupa8Lackandbyptissth瞪MaginotLint:mloFrance.Tli-cdefcnsesiilong(heborderwithBelgiumw-aswctik.pastLeadingt盯Engianditilolirew:ir!lt)WAciing(iswinecdkrsinushrodintbri[3citriinstbiincdintoodiscoclubMoralAwkitchopehultinnedcuitohea10.Asymbolotthesaying'generaIsalwaystiglntireIscslwar/'答案解析：1.second2.spanning/extending/running3.suffering4.advantage5.pretending6.stop/prevent/block7.Why8.head-on9.FunctionslO.failure1.【答案】second【解析】根据第一段TheMaginotLinewasoneofthelargestmilitarystructureseverbuiltsecondonlytotheGreatWallofChsna.可知，它是仅次于长城的最大军事建筑弓故答案为second.2.【答案】spanning/ExtEnding/nunning【解析】根据第一段Itwasaseriesofsandtraps,forts,turrets（炮t苔），日ndobstaclesthatspannedmorethan450milesofFrance'sborderwithGermany.可知亍此处应该变定语从句为现在分词