2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+关注点课时+第2讲+Word版含答案

好好努力梦想终会实现好好努力梦想终会实现--第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。感1.（2018・天津高考）1can'tfindmypurse.Ihaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.答案：might/could此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。（2018・江苏高考）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI（have）asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.答案：had根据语意语境可知wish在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。（2017・北京高考）Ifthenewsafetysystem（put）touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput根据语意及句中的wouldneverhavehappened可知，if从句表示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语system与put之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。悟1.wish后接虚拟句如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。2•虚拟语气的基本用法对现在的虚拟讦从句中动词用过去式，主句用might/could/should/would+动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might＋havedone。短文改错短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。感1.（2016・全国卷II）Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.答案：chose—choose情态动词后应跟动词原形。(2016・全国卷111)1shouldavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.答案：should后加be句子缺少系动词且在should后应用be。(2019・东北三校联盟)MostcitizensinHongKongstronglyinsistedthatthosewhoattackedthepolicewithviolencewereputintoprison.答案：were—beinsist作“坚持要求”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用(should+)动词原形，此处those与put之间为被动关系，故改为beput。(2015・四川高考)Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktothem?答案：are—were根据语意可知此处应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。悟1.虚拟语气中be动词的选用表示对现在的虚拟，be动词一般用were。2.insist“坚决要求”，suggest“建议”等后面接虚拟从句，谓语应为shoulddo形式，should可省。考点素能一情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。can/could的用法：表示能力，意为“能，会”。表示客观或理论上的可能性。表示推测，意为“可能"，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。may/might的用法：表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。表示推测，意为“或许，可能"，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。must的用法：表示“必须”，语气强烈。表示推测，意为“一定"，用于肯定句。意为“偏要，非要……不可”。shall的用法：用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。should/oughtto的用法：should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。should和oughtto表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。2."情态动词+havedone"的用法该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。musthavedone“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。couldhavedone“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can't/couldn'thavedone“(过去)不可能做过某事”。may/mighthavedone“(过去)有可能做过某事”。should/oughttohavedone“本该做某事而没做”。needn'thavedone“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。二虚拟语气1•虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/ecuId/might+动词原形

类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与过去事实相反h沁十过去分词should/would/could/mi呂ht+｝）耳悩已+过去词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形should+动词原形wereto十动词原形混合条件旬有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这吋动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的吋间加以调整含蓄条件句有吋假设的情况不以条件从句表达，而是用butforTwilhoul等介词(短语)表亦条件虚实错综句L用连词otherwise,o「等暗示后丈与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气；Z虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为*虚拟情况十Un+真实情况卯虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，从句用had+done。表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/Should/might+动词原形。wouldrather后面的宾语从句：表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反时，从句用had+doneo表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“should+动词原形”结构，should可省略。定语从句：It's(high/about)time(tt句a型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should^动词原形其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了的时候了”。as引导的状语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+doneo表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/night+动词原形。过关检测(限时：30分钟)I•单句语法填空l.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest(take)beforeamangetsalicen答案：(should)betakencouldn't(go)throughthehardtimesbutformyteacher'sgenerousandtimelyhelp.答案：havegonewasillthatday,otherwiseIwould(take)partinthesportsmeet.答案：havetakenThenationwidesmogservesasaconstantreminder,indicatingthatit'shightimew(reflect)onourselves.答案：reflected/shouldreflect5.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudentsputonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus.答案：shallJohnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe(come)tomorrowinsteadoftoday.答案：came—Don'tyouthinkitisnecessarythathe(notsend)totheBullsbuttotheKeats？—Iagree,buttheproblemisthatherefusesto.答案：(should)notbesent—IpromiseShirleygetanewiPadonherbirthday.—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher？答案：shalldon'tthinkyougiveuptheopportunitytogotouniversitywhichyouhavebeendreamingabout.答案：should10.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.答案：Should•单句改错1.IfIhaven'tseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.答案：haven't—hadn'tWewouldratherourdaughterstayathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.答案：stay—stayedWewouldaswellstaywhereweare,becausetheoutsideisunsafe.答案：would—might/mayYouneedhavestudiedthatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhealth.答案：need后面加notHaditnotbeenformyteacher'shelp,Iwon'thavewonthefirstplaceinthecontest.答案：won't—wouldn'tNodrivingafterdrinkingisarulethateverydriverwillobeyinourcountry.答案：will—shallHaveIfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn'tbeinsuchanembarrassingsituationnow.答案：Have—Had—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.Youmusthavemadefullpreparations.答案：must—shouldAlthoughyoumustfindbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.答案：must—can10.ShouldIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.答案：Should—Can/May•语法填空Arecentstudyshowsthatmostadultsdidhouseholdchores__1__(active)whentheywereyoung.Mostkidstodaydonotdoasmanyhouseholdchoresasbefore,2samestudyshows.Anexpertsaid,“Parentstodaywanttheirkidstospendmoretime__3__thingsthatcanbringthemmoneyandhonour.Theyhavestopped__4__(do)theonethingthathasproventobringsuccess.Thatisdoinghouseholdchores.”Anotherstudyfindsthatcomparedwiththekids__5__didn'tdohouseholdchores,youngadultsbeginningchoresatages3and4weremorelikely__6__(succeed).Theyhadbetterfamilyrelationships,didbetterinschool,performedbetteratworkandweremoreindependent.Personalhappiness__7__(say)tocomefromstrongrelationships.Itbeginsbylearningtobekindand__8__(help)totheirparentsathome.Ifyourkidssaytheyhavetoskipchoresbecauseit'stimethey__9__(deal)withtheirhomework,you'dbetternotletthemoffthehook.Ifyoudo,yourchildmaythinkgradesaremoreimportantthancaringaboutothers.“Whatmayseemlikesmall__10(message)atthemomentadduptobigonesovertime,"saysanexpert..7.8.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。actively考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰谓语动词,故要用副词形式actively。the考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”,故用定冠词the表示特指。3.on考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配spendsth.onsth.可知，此处填介词on。doing考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stopdoingsth.。who/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that。tosucceed考查非谓语动词。此处是belikelytodosth.句型，故填不定式。7.issaid考查动词的时态和语态。本句含有“besaid+动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为“Personalhappiness”，因此填issaid。helpful考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。dealt/shoulddeal考查虚拟语气。It'stime(that)...句型中,that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式或“should+do”，其中should不可以省略。messages考查名词。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。•短文改错SmoghascoveredlargeareasofBeijingrecently,whichhashadmuchinfluencetoourlife.It'snotconvenienceforustogooutduetotheheavysmog.Inordertotakeinlessthanpoisonousair,whicheverwegooutside,wehavetowearmasks.Facingsuchaseriouslyproblem,weshouldtakesomeimmediatemeasuretosolveit.Asforourgovernment,somelawsshouldbepassedtobanfactoriesfromgivingoffpoisonouswaste.Atsametime,wearesupposednottodrivetoworkbut