初中英语句子结构成份讲解及专项练习含答案

初中英语句子结构成份讲解及专项练习（含答案）【一）主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者.它答复的是“谁〃“什么〃的问题.如：我看书.谁看书？“我〃.“我〃就是这句子的主语.主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当.〔如动词不定式,动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句〕主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast>〔名词）Helikesdancing、〔代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory、（数词）Seeingisbelieving、（动名词）Toseeistobelieve>〔不定式）Whatheneedsisabook>〔主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree,〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样.它答复的是主语“干什么，是什么〃的问题.如上句中主语“我〃干什么？“看书〃.“看书〃就是谓语.一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大局部（祈使句是省主句）.再细分又可分成谓语〔动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语,状语，同位语等.如第一例中谓语局部可划分成谓语〔看）和宾语〔书）.谓语局部中央词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型.句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变.谓语20他感到很难跟你交谈.21我想乘船去那里更舒服些.22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题.23学校定了一条规那么，开始上课时学生要起立.24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的.Therebe句型1今晚没有会.2这个村子过去只有一口井.3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师.4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人.5天气预报说下午有大风.6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人.7战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人.9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫.10公共汽车来了.11就只剩下二八美元了.12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树.13铃响了.14二月份有二八天.KEYS分析以下句子成分1、主语+系动词+表语2、主语+系动词+表语3、主语十动词十宾语+宾语补足语4、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5、主语+及物动词+宾语6、主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语7、主语+及物动词+宾语8、主语+系动词+表语9、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语10、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语11、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语13、主语+及物动词+宾语14、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语15、主语+系动词+表语16、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语17、主语+系动词+表语18、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语19、主语+不及物动词20、主语+不及物动词21、主语+系动词+表语22、主语+系动词+表语23、主语+及物动词+宾语24、主语+不及物动词25、主语+及物动词+宾语26、主语+不及物动词27、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语28、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语29、主语+及物动词+宾语30、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语翻译练习：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）lYoushouldstudyhard>2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening、3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal>4Themeetingwilllasttwohours>5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears>6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday、7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijinginl919、8Classesbeginateighteveryday、9Thisboxweighsfivekilos>10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago、主谓宾结构〔主语+及物动词+宾语）1>Iwrotealetterlastnight>Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon、3、Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes、www、rr365ZZZ4、Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully、5、Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks、6、Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently、IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia、8、Jimcannotdresshimself>AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy>10、Hedidnotknowwhattosay、主系表结构（主语+系动词+主语补语）IMybrothersareallcollegestudents、2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong>3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy>4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist、5Children,keepquietplease、6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates、7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery>8Heisoutofwork、9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow>lOThereportsoundsinteresting^双宾语结构（主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）IMrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear、2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight、3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster>4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor、6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents>7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike、8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat、9W111youpleasegetmeanewcopy?10ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语结构（主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语）IWecallherAlice、2HisparentsnamedhimJohn>3A11ofusconsideredhimhonest、4Theypushedthedooropen、5Theyhavesetthethieffree>6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful、7Heaskedustojoininthegame、81wantyoutotellmethetruth、9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce>lOTomorrowI'11havesomeonerepairthemachine>llEverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud>12Thepainmadehimcryout、13Wewon'tlethergooutatnight、14Hehashishaircutonceamonth、151'11getmyrecordermended、16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened>17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories>18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling、191haveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore、20Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou、211thinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship、221consideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway>23Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins、241thoughtitnousetalkingwiththatmanTherebe句型IThereisn'tgoingtobeameetingtonight、2Therewasonlyawellinthevillage、3Thereis(are)ateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool、4AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen、5Theweathermansaysthere11beastrongwindintheafternoon、66Thelightison、Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice>7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar、8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom、90nce,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea>lOTherecomesthebus、1IThereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars、12Infrontofthecave,therestands（grows）atallpinetree、13Theregoesthebell>14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary英语句子成分划分详解（二）概念句子是由词根据一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个局部叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体局部（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成局部.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1、主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么〃或“是谁〃.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如：讲述“谁〃Weworkinabigfactory、讲述“什么〃Theclassroomisverybig>数词作主语Threeareenough、三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor，sjob、从句作主语Whatweneedisfood>我们最需要的是食物、▲在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间.如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox>A在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick"、Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse、2、谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么〃、“是什么〃或“怎么样〃，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称〃和“数〃两方面必须——致.如：Heisverygenerous>ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob、HecanspeakGerman>3、表语表语说明主语“是什么〃或“怎么样〃，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面.形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore、名词作表语Myfatherisateacher、副词作表语Everyoneishere、介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre、不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish>动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses、从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday、4、宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面.有时，会有双宾语.如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes、代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme>不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair、动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina、从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime、▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如：Webroughtthemsomefood,主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加8或for.5、宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语+宾语补足语〃合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语、如:名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I'llmakeyou口门8、形容词作宾补Don"tmakeyourhandsdirty>副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived、介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome、省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding、带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown>现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingall43丫、过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken、在英语中，常见的“宾语+宾语补足语〃的结构有：▲“宾语+名词〃.常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等.WecallhimJack、TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor>▲“宾语+形容词〃.常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等.如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean>Wecan'tleavehimalone>CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?A"宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等.如:Lethimin/out、Mr、Lidroveushome>Whengotther（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征.WestudyEnglish、Heisasleep、宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.如：还说上例.谓语动词是“看〃，看什么？看“书〃，“书〃是动词“看〃所涉及的对象，是“看〃的宾语.需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语.宾语：1）动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina>〔名词）Hehatesyou、〔代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo、〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor、Ienjoyworkingwithyou>〔动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain、〔不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?〔宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks>3）双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾〔指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday、Givethepoormansomemoney、表语：是和系动词紧密相连的.在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表〃结构.作表语的也是名词性的词，也可以是从句.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher、〔名词）Seventy-four!Youdon'tlookit、〔代词）Fiveandfiveisten>1数词〕Heisasleep>〔形容词）Hisfatherisin、（副词）Thepictureisonthewall>（介词短语〕Mywatchisgone/missing/lost>〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristosay'Tmpoor,Ican'tbuyaring、〔不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome>〔表语从句〕［常见的系动词有：be,sound〔听起来〕，look〔看起来〕，feel（摸起来，smell〔闻起来〕，taste（尝、吃起来〕，remain1保持,仍是）,feel〔感觉）>>>Itsoundsagoodidea、Thesoundsoundsstrange、Hervoicesoundssweet>Tomlooksthin>Thefoodsmellsdelicious>Thefoodtastesgood>Thedoorremainsopen、NowIfeeltired、定语：修饰限定名词、代词的词，说明所修饰词的性质、特征等,如atallboy中,tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语.可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等.不定代词的定语一律后置.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子・AiYanlingisachemistryteacher>（名词）Heisourfriend、（代词〕Webelongtothethirdworld、〔数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson>〔形容词〕Themanoverthereismyoldfriend、〔副词〕Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister>〔介词〕TheboysplayingfootballareinClass〔现在分词〕Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow>（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell>〔不定式〕YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo、〔定语从句）状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如：他在灯下看书.“在灯下〃是状语.补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份，补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语.如:他把我逗笑了.Hemademelaugh>主语:he;谓语:made;宾语:me;宾补：laugh、补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开.如：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的.这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系.把这两局部单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即Ilaughed,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语.Weelectedhimmonitor、（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere>〔名〕Wewillmakethemhappy>（形容词〕Wefoundnobodyin、（副词〕Pleasemakeyourselfathome、介词短语）Don'tlethimdothat>〔省to不定式〕Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson、〔带to不定式）Don，tkeepthelightsburning、〔现在分词〕I'11havemybikerepaired、（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor、Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom>Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson、语法是句子的框架，学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径.相对而言,句子的灵魂是词汇,学习是个长期积累过程，词汇积累更是如此.学习也要讲究方法,活学活用，在运用中记忆,不能死记硬背.另外，语言都有些相通的地方,结合母语对照学习也很有效.Iwillgotheretomorrow、Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom>Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather、HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell、Hedidn'tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam>Ilikesomeofyouverymuch、Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam、Hegoestoschoolbybike、Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell、简单句的五个根本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame、/Myheadaches>主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish>主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy>主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook、Sheboughtabookforme>主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry>Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage、(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk>)Exercises分析下歹U句子成分1、Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome>ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest、Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes>Hebrokeapieceofglass、Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity、7、-Iloveyoumorethanher,child>Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes>Theypushedthedooropen>Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight>1Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends、>Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteachingwww、rr365ZZZWeneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone、HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong>Dontgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike、Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful、Hedidntcome>Thatiswhyhedidntknow>Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures、Theoldmanlivesalonelylife>Luckilythel989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown、21、ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthosein