2015职称英语-基础核心词汇精讲课程讲义版

英语_基础课程_词汇精讲课主讲名师：付建 B、C10026个部分组课程由英语名师付建利老师讲解，英语教研团队历时1年多词汇课程由英语名师付建利老师主讲但英语考试只有2个小时，考生根本没有时间查询基础和简单的英语单词，因记，第二天复义内容后，把不能理解的部分勾画出来，回到该内容讲解部分再次理解学手柒⒉㈦00.柒◎0捌。任何关于课程内容，上线时间，讲义上线时间，服务内容等疑问，请直接在课程知识堂中问，我们的老师将在24小时内给予答复 考试大纲词汇要求及词汇课程安 Chapter1科学研 Chapter2数量研 Chapter3连词/方位 Chapter4短语搭 Chapter 词缀总 Chapter6动词专 Chapter 形容词副 Chapter8观点态 考试大纲词汇要求及词汇课程安八大词汇板块深度扫词汇三步Chapter1科学研究与被研WriterAuthorResearcher研究载FindSurvey方法、目的、结 Responsiblefor Takeaction 研究与被研究writern.authorn.作者；作家；创始人vt.创作n.研究，研究者（researcher的复数形式eg:Researchersarefindingdifferentusesforparticleswith alengthofonenanometer,orone-billionthofameter.长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被研究开发出多种用途。expertsn.；Q:㈦⒉柒0.0.Ⅶ0◎八scientistsn.科学家（scientist的复数investigatorsn.研究者，eg:ArecentstudyinTanzaniafoundthatwhenpregnantwomentookvitaminseveryday,fewerbabieswereborntoosmall.fetus['fi:təs]n.，childrentʃildrən]n.孩子们（child的复数elder['eldə]n.老人；长辈；年长者；父辈adj.年长的；较大的；资格老male[meil]n.；雄性动物adj.的；雄性的；有力femalefi:meil]n.女人；[动]adj.patient['peiʃənt]n.；患者adj.有耐性的，能volunteer[,vɔlən'tiə]n.；志愿兵adj.志愿的vt.自愿vi.自愿animalæniməln.(老鼠：micemouse,rat,猴子：monkey) 过去式 过去分词 现在分词n.vi.vt.discoverdkʌ]vt.发现；发觉vi.detectdi'tekt]vt.realizerɪaɪz].实现；认识到；了解；将某reportn.报告；；成绩 vt.报告；报导；使报 vi.报告；报到；写报survey[‘sə:vei]/n.；测量；审视；纵vt.；勘测；俯vi.Butacloserlookatthesurvey/researchindicatesthatmanyAmericanswhocan’taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions. v.；研study] vt.学习；考虑；攻读；细vi.focus n.焦点；中心；清晰；焦距vt.vi.focusoneg:Mostmedicaljournalsarespecialtyjournalsthatfocusonaparticularareaofconcentrate n.浓缩，精选；浓缩 vi.集中；浓缩；全神贯注；vt.concentrateon集中精力于；全神贯注于measure n.测量；措施；程度；尺 vt.测量；估量；权vi.collect adv.由收件人付款 vt.收集；募 adj.由收件人付款vi.收集；；募sample['sɑ:mpl,'sæ adj.n.vt.observevt.观察；遵守；说；注意到；评 vi.观察；说；注意到；评ysis attempt n.企图，试图；vt.企图，试图；尝eg:Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithysisonsometendenciesinlungcancer n.解释；翻译；演eg:Whenthechildrenneedtimetoanswer,receivedreprimandsareoftenambiguousinterpretationexplainik'splein]v.explanationeksplə'neɪʃ(ə)nn.accountə'kaunt] [会计]account estimate v&n.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthateveryyeartwentymillionbabiesarebornwithlowbirth2000万体重过轻婴儿诞生。evaluateɪʊtvt.评价；估价；求…的值vi.评价；估价appraise[ə'prez]vt.评价，鉴定；估价aimn.目的；目标；对准vt.目的在于；引导；把…对准vi.打算；对准目标；瞄aimatv.purpose n.目的；用途；意 vt.决心；企图；打motive n.，目的；adj.发动 vt.使产生，激motivation n.；积极shift n.移动；变化；；轮 vt.转移shift 转switchswitʃn.switchtov.turn[tə:n] n.转弯；变化 vi.转向；转变；转动turnto 13.responsiblefor Aviationisasmallbutgrowingcontributortoglobalwarming,responsiblefor12%ofthecarbondioxideemittedbymeansoftransport.result n.结果；成绩；答 vi.结果；导致；产asaresult结 theresultof……的结 resultin导致，结果 leadto导致；通cause n.原因；事业；目 vt.引起；because[bi'kɔz]conj.因为becauseofadv.因为；由于reasonri:zənn.理由；理性duetoadv.由于；应归于owingto由于，因为…consequence n.结果；重要attributeə'tribju:t,ætribju:tn.attributeto把…归因于Q⒎贰柒零14.indicate['indikeit] vt.表明；；预示；象征reveal[ri'vi:l] n.；vt.显示；透露；expose[ik'spəuz] vt.，揭发；使；显示pointout，指allege vt.emphasize‘emfəsaiz]vt.declare[di'klεə] vt.宣布，；断言，宣称 vi.stress[stres] n.压力；强调；紧张；重要性15.take eg:Peopleneedtoknow mendeddailysodiumlimitandtakeactiontoreducesodiumsolution eupwithguide n.指南；向导；入门 vt.引导；带guidelineɡaidlain]n. v.推荐，介绍；劝告；使受欢迎；托eg:Peopleneedtoknow mendeddailysodiumlimitandtakeactiontoreducesodiumadvise vt.persuade vt. 17.infer vt.推断；推 vi.推断；作出推infer eg:Whatcanweinferfromthe deduceʊ] vt.assume[ə'sjum] presumepɪzu]假设、推测construe[kən'stru] 多数人都拥有自己所不了解的能力和机会，都有可能做到未曾梦想vｰｰｰ戴尔· First- thousandstensofthousandsmillionsbillions3. 一：基础词 ten（1—hundred（百）thousand（千）million（百万）billion（十亿 hundredhundredAskingthisonesimplequestionmaydoublethenumberoftransplantorgansavailableinCalifornia--onesimplequestion.Triple三ConfirmedcasesinAustraliatop1,200,morethantripleasmanyasaweekhundred(百)thousand(千million(百万)billion(十亿)的相关短语，表示许多，一般在后面+sof构 thousands tensofthousands millions billions Morethan10chipplantsarebeingbuilt，eachcostingmillionsofUS arethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear。Dozen基本用法ofQ：⒎㈡⑺(0)0⑦○0⒏。IboughtadozeneggsandeveryoneofthemwasIsaiditwasasecretbutshe’stolddozensofTheyreceivedscoresoflettersabouttheirTV基础词注意事项例如： 三分数表达法：分子用基础词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1，分母加四加”或“减少”的词（增加）—decrease（减少）large（大—small（小） （扩张）—shrinkshorten（萎缩）include（包括）—exclude（排除）high（高） low（低grow(增长,扩大）— add(增加）—subtract（减少）develop（发展）decline（下落）spread（延伸）—gather（收集） Agoodadvertisingnwillincreaseoursales.良好的宣传活动会增们的销售 TheEuropeancountrywiththehighestbirthrateisIreland.人口出生率最高的欧洲国家是爱尔ThevastforestsofWestAfricahaveshrunk.西非的大片森林面积已缩小了。再短的路，不迈开双脚也无法到Chapter3连词/方位连词——并列/从转折but,stillyet,howeverontheother让步howeverthoughnomatter,neverthelessnonethelessinspiteofatany因果because(of),dueto,owingto,thankstosince,for,as,forthereasonthat,seeingthat,asaresult,inconsequence,hence…递进moreoverlikewise,besidesinaddition,notonly…butalsoapartfrom,furthermore…对比:incontrast,onthecontrary,opposiy,conversely……neither．noraswellasboth．andonl．butEG:Thisisanoldclockthatisnotonlyveryhandsomebutalsoaccurate．2、表示选择关系的并列连词orelseratherthanEG:Youshouldgetthelicenserightaway，oryou'llhavetopaya whereasyethoweverneverthelessontheotherhandontheEGSheisafunnygirl，yetyoucan'thelplikingher．4、表示因果关系的并列连词 therefore EGItwasrainingheavily，sothesportsmeetingwaspostponed．从属连词assoontheminutesooner．than…）hardl．when（ Hetoldmethenewsimmedia yhegotit．EG：Wherethereisalife，thereisaunlessifonly（要是……就好了）providing（that）inonconditionthatEGIfonlyyouhadtoldmeaboutyourproblem,Imighthavebeenabletohelpyou.soforfearEG：Wehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetofaceforfearthatthereshouldbeany nowthat（既然）EGSeeingthatitiseighto'clock，we'llwaitnolonger．6、引导比较状语的从属连词。asas（more．more．themoreEGThemorewecandoforyou，thehappierwewillbe．7、引导方式状语的从属连词。asif（好像EGHeatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifitwereafluid．8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：sothatuhhtEGHeissuchanhonestmanthateveryonewouldliketotrusthim．9、引导让步状语的从属连词。 even even whatevermatter（EG：Hardashetried，hefailedtopasstheexam．关系代词和关系副词——引导定语从句关系代词：who，that，which，as，whose，whom等关系副词：when，where，why，how等例句OnegirlwhowasrecentlyinhisclasssaidhecouldprobablymakeitinterestingtowatchgrassTheareawherethisskullwasfoundhadbeenadeeptropicalbayduringtheJurassic 前(before）后(after） 南（south）北里 外 (一)intheeastontheeastEG:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.ChinafacesthePacificontheeast.A在B的东边(侧)，即：A与B相邻接。就用"AisontheeastofB"EG：GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.在湖南南边。如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就“AisattheeastofEG:TherewasabigbattleatthenorthoftheLiaodongPeninsula.在辽东的北边有一场大战如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处”时可以说"Aliesl00kmtotheeastofB"，也可以说"Alies100kmeastofB".后者在口语中更为常见。Suzhoulies50tothewestofShanghai.苏州位于西面50英里处东南方：southeast西南方：southwest西北方：northwestEG:TheMingTombsarelocatedabout50kmtothenorthwestofBeijing.十三陵位于西北50公里Tiajinissituatedl20kmsoutheastofBeijing.位于东南120公里处(四)要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用eastbynorthnorthbyeastEG：Wearesailinginthedirectionofeastbynorth.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。Theislandliessouthbyeastfromhere.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。英汉表达的不同,,,eastweston,in,to连用，来表达两地的相互位置，但涵义却各有课程总结每讲寄大多数人想要改但却罕有人想要改造自Chapter4短语一、表示“发生、开始”相关短take Eg：Seasonaldroughttakesplaceeveryyearintropicalcountrieswherethereisonlyarainyandadrycome Eg：Howdidthisdangerousstateofaffairscomeabout?这种的事态是怎么发生的？相关释义：happen related Eg:Researcherssaidtheresultsmightberelatedtosomegeneticorbiologicaldifferencesaswellasenvironmentalfactors.研究认为，该结果可能与某些遗传或生物差异以及环境因素有关。相关短语：原版Q：Ⅶ㈡㈦(0)0⒎◎(0)⑧。concerninterfereEg:Whateveryoumaysay,Ihavenoconcernwiththat.不管你说什么，我都和那件事无关。befocused Eg：ThesubsequentdiscussionwillbefocusedonthishiddentrendinpsychoconcentrateonEgIwishyou'dconcentrateonwhatI'msaying.但愿你能集中注意力听我讲。相关短语：beabsorbedin四、表示“例如”相关短 例如一般后面接名词Eg：thepainofanemotionalcrisissuchasdivorceorbereavement诸如离婚或痛失亲人等情感 example Eg：Japan,forexample,hastwolanguages.譬如说，就有两种语言according Eg：Participantswerecategorizedaccordingtoage.参加者按分组dependon依 同义：relyEg:Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheir tend 同义：trendeg：Wetendtobetraditionalratherthanfashion-forwardinourdateback Eg：Thehistoryofhockeycandatebacktothousandsat Eg：Thedrugsworkwellatfirstbutgraduallylosetheiratthebeginning Eg：Thishugetriumphalarchwaserectedatthebeginningofthisin最后或atEg：You'llgetthereinifyouworkhard!你如果努力工作，最终会达到目的的atof在….Eg：Atofthismonthwewillholdasports intheme同Eg：Intheme,they'reheadingtowardclinicaltrialswithinafew相关短语：inadvance 七、表示“有能力”做某事beable Eg:Ifthesituationdemands,hemustbeabletoattendthebecapableofenablesb.todosthabilitytodosthtryone’sbesttobeinapositionto八、表示“发现，处理，解决”相关短find Eg：Theywanttofindoutthecauseandeffectoftheincidentdeal Eg：Howdoyoudealwithpersistentwhowon’ttakenoforananswer? treatwithdowithsolvehandledisposeofworkout九、表示“有”做某事的短语havetrouble/difficulty/problem（in）ngsth做某事有Eg:Ifyouhavetroublengthis,you'dbetterstartmasteringtheartof如果你觉得自己做不到,最好熟练的艺术开始做起。 Eg：I'vefinishedapartfromthelastquestion.inadditionEg：Youneedmoneyandtimeinadditionyouneeddiligence.你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要exceptfor inadditionto课程总结每讲寄失去知识的人损失一 词缀总 第一类：表示正负（或增减如：uninimilirnonmismaldisantideunderreover-等如：semiequminimicromacromega-等如：intersupertransexextrasubinfra-等如：antepre(oprimpostretro-等如：semimonobitriquadripentamulti-等如：autococon-等dis-加在名词、形容词，动词之前in-（，无力）（确的-irregular（不稳定的）irresistible（不可抵抗的）irresolvable（不能分解的，不能解决的un-unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的）unemployment（失业non-non-existence（不存在）non-electrical（非电的）non-essential（不主要的）disappear（）disarm（解除）anti-Japanese（抗日）13.a-在名词前, ，ecstasy（ hypersupersurultrahyper-sensitive（过敏的）四.表示“前before”的前缀 （成见）pre-（前的 forehead（前额）foreground（前景） （ post-war（战后retro-retrograde（十．其它的前1．auto- 坏，（显微镜）4．远egram（电报）ephone（escope（望远镜demi-semi-semi-circle（半圆）hemisphere（半球uni-mono-（单一,单独）bi-di-1．-ster–eerer（or）从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人3．-ette小的东西；东西；女cigarette,4．-ess女性actress，poetess，hostess，5．-hood时期6．-ship才能，状态，资格，品质7．-ful量cupful，handful，mouthful，spoonful8．-tion，-ion 9．-ment状态，行动等10．-al动作arrival，refusal，revival11．-age程度，数量12．-ness；-ity（ty）状态，品质happiness，usefulness，selfishness，kindness，rapidity，activity，sanity13．-ism 二、动词后1．- 转为，变 三、形容词后缀1．- 充满， 没有speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless3．-ly有……品质beastly， 像……的childlike， 7．-able（ible）能……的；可以……的changeable，8．- 有wooded，pointed，odd-9．- 有……属性的 10．-ary（ory）属于……的，与……相连11．- 富含……的；有……品质的；像12．-ic（ical）……类的；属于……的 四、副词后 以……方式happily，boldly，ond（，bkd，hoeward（s，eastward（s） 按照……方式；就……而言 心是最大的，别人能骗你一时，而它却会骗你一辈子Chapter6动词Eg:1.Theboyruns Heisaboy.行为动IliveinBeijingwithmymother.我和我住在Ithasaroundface.说： 开始l过去式，过去分词vt.vi.IcalledAndietolherhowspectacularthestuff我打告诉安迪，那东西看上去太棒了。 say：普通用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内speak：侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口说话。动作而不侧重内容。原版Q：七贰⒎0.0柒(0)0.Ⅷ;Whatdidsheactuallysay?YoumustbeabletospeakFrenchforthisjob.Iwishtotalkwithyouin vi.开始；首 vt.开Eg:Towardsthecitylimitsthehousesbegintothinout.Theexcitementatthestartofaracecanreallygettheadrenalinflowing.（起跑时的激动确实能使人【派生词】短语：inthe atthebeginning n.vi.Eg:Ithinkyou'remakingaseriousmistake.was，were，have/hasbeen等要特别予以注意。Hewasasoldiertwoyearsago.Wearelook（看起来）feel（觉得，摸起来）taste（尝起来）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）等 Shelookedtired.（她看一去很疲劳）Theflowerssmellsweet.（这些花闻起来很香。） Shebecameacollegestudent.Hefeelssick.HisfaceturnsTheweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.Hegrewold.1、 Heislookingatthepicture.（他正在看这。.2、 Ifeltsomeone Areyoufellingbettertodaythanbefore?（你今天比以前感到好些了吗3、 4、 Thegunsoundedmuchcloser.（枪声听起来更近了） Thesouptastesterrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了） Therearesomebananasonthetable.Eachofyoucangetone.（桌上有些香蕉，每个人可以拿一7、 Doyougrowriceinyourcountry?（的国家种水稻吗？）It’stoolate.It’sgrowingdark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）表示句子的否定和疑问do,does,did,have,hadDidhehaveanymilkandbreadforhisbreakfast（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。can,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思。Eg：Icandance.（我会跳舞 can,能,MayIcomein（我可以进来吗？）may,可 形容词副形容词. adv. .Eg：Since1978,theamountofmoneyavailabletobuybookshasfallenby adj.Eg：Theymayonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpoints adj.的，限 adj. n.完成式adj.完美的；最好的；精通的vt.使完美；使熟Eg：Hespokeperfect Eg:TherecentfloodinginthesouthwasaInthemostrecentattack,onemanwasshotdead twootherswere词根 recentlyadv.最近；新 recentnessn.最 adj.morecomfortablemostcomfortableEg：Wealthempoweredhimtoliveacomfortablelife.使他能够过舒适的生活adjcomfortlessfortablyfortcomforter安慰者；fort安慰；使（痛苦等）n.adj.adv.largerlargestadv.小小地；smallersmallestimportantadj.重要的，重大的，有地位的，力的Eg：Themostimportantthinginmylifewasmycareer.我生活中最重要的部分是事业。 adj.强大的；强有力 adv.很；非 Eg：They'rebothplayingexcellently. adj.Eg：Itseemedincrediblethatpeoplewouldstillwanttoplayfootballduringa adj.Eg：Accesstojusticeisabasicright.享有公正是一种基本权利。 n.adv.Eg：I'llbereadytogreetthem.MeanwhileI'mofftodiscusstheFowler'spartywithFelix.howeverconj.然而；可是adv.无论如何；不管怎样Eg：Youshouldalwaysstrivetoachievemore,howeverwellyouhavedoneHoweverhardshetried,nothingseemedto conj.但是；不过；可是adj.唯一的，仅有的；最合适的adv.Eg：Thelawyerispaidonlyifhewins.一手：⒎二㈦00⒎○0.八;ShewastheonlywomaninS'slegalnotonly…butalso…不仅...而且... adv.宁可，宁愿；相当Eg：Hewasnotonetoretreatbutratheronewhowouldtakeuptheratherthan而不是；宁可…wouldratheror rather adv.稍微...adv. Eg：Millionsofwildflowerscolourthevalleys,especiallyinApriland adv.instead Eg：Shefritteredawayhertimeingoingtothecinemainsteadof她不把时间花在学习上，而是浪费在看上了。Whydon'tyouplayfootballinsteadofjustlookingon?n.vt.vi..at 终于；最后；最终inthe 在最Eg：Heranhiseyesdownthepageandfoundhisnameatlast. prep.除…之外adv.此外；而且Eg：Ithinkshehasmanygoodqualitiesbesidesbeingvery奔波是一种，让我们感受生活Chapter8观点positiveactivepraiseapprove二消极，否定，，，悲观、三保持中立，漠不关心，公平，公正派,neutral一：积极，主动，赞扬，同意.①There'sbeenapositiveresponsetotheUNSecretary-General'srecentpeace②Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdosure,certain,definite,sure：侧重上对某事确信无疑。definite：指已毫无怀疑的余地。①Mak