《计算机专业英语》Unit 7 An Overview of Computer Software

Unit7AnOverviewofComputerSoftwareContentsLearningObjectives1Words&Expressions2Text3Exercises4Afteryouhavereadthisunit,youshouldbefamiliarwith:1.Whatiscomputersoftware?2.Thecategoriesofapplicationsoftware

Learning

Objectivesapplicationn.请求,申请,申请表,应用,运用,施用,敷用softwarn.应用,应用程序,应用软件软件performvt.履行,执行,表演,演出v.完成任务installvt.安装,安置,使就职instructionprogramn.n.vt.vi.指示,用法说明(书),教育,指导,指令节目,程序,纲要,计划规划,拟...计划,安排...入节目安排节目,编程序,(电脑)程序,(电视)节目programmercommandn.n.v.程序师,程序规划员命令,掌握,司令部命令,指挥,克制,支配,博得,俯临Words&Expressionssourcecoden.n.v.来源,水源,消息来源,原始资料,发起者,源,源极代码,代号,密码,编码编码compilertransformresultexecutableformatvideoDVDn.vt.vin.n.vi.adj.n.vt.n.abbr.编辑者,[计]编译器转换,改变,改造,使...变形改变,转化,变换[数]变换(式),[语]转换结果,成效,计算结果起因,由于,以...为结果,导致实行的,执行的开本,版式,形式,格式安排...的格局(或规格),[计]格式化(磁盘)电视,录象,视频数字化视频光盘Words&ExpressionsWords&Expressionsspreadsheetgraphicenterpriseserverclientblogaddressdigitalbrowsersimulationn.adj.n.n.n.n.vt.adj.n.n.[计]电子制表软件,电子数据表绘画似的,图解的企业,事业,计划,事业心,进取心,干事业服务器[计]顾客,客户,委托人博客，是Weblog的简称。

地址,致辞,演讲,说话的技巧向...致辞,演说,写姓名地址,从事,忙于数字的,数位的,手指的数字,数字式浏览器（Browser）就是指在我们使用的电脑上安装的，用来显示指定文件的程序.仿真,假装,模拟CADCAEabbr.abbr.计算机辅助设计(ComputerAidedDesign)[计]ComputerAidedEngineering计算机辅助工程

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Computerhardwareisthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,mouse,keyboard,etc.Computersoftwarecan’tbetouched.Itisthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.Computersoftencomewithsoftwarealreadyinstalledandreadytowork,otherwiseitcanbeboughtinaboxcontainingasetofCDs(thesoftwareisontheCDs)ordownloadedfromtheinternet.

Animportantpointtounderstandaboutsoftwareandcomputersisthatacomputerwon'tdoajobuntilit’stoldwhichonetodo.Acomputerprogramisthesetofinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodothejob.TextComputersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbycomputerprogrammersusingaprogramminglanguage.Theprogrammerwritescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.Thesecommandsarecalledsourcecode.Anothercomputerprogramcalledacompileristhenusedonthesourcecode,transformingthecommandsintoalanguagethatthecomputercanunderstand.Theresultisanexecutablecomputerprogram,whichisanothernameforsoftware.Computersoftwarefallsintotwoprimarycategories:systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.Someexpertsalsoincludeathirdcategory,programmingsoftware,thoughothersputthoseprogramsintooneoftheotherpreviouslymentionedcategories.TextTheoperatingsystemoro/sisthesetofverybasicjobscomputersdosuchasshowingmousemovementonascreenwhenaphysicalmouseismovedbyacomputeruser.Examplesofoperatingsystemsinclude:WindowsVista,WindowsXP,MacOSX,LinuxandUNIX.Applicationsoftwareorjust'application'is,formostpeople,wherethefunstarts.Anapplicationisthesoftwareboughttodocommonjobssuchasplayagame,allowpeopletospeakToeachother,recordmusicandchangeittonewformats,viewvideos,playDVDs,scanbooksorlistentomusic–thelistisendless.

Commonapplicationsincludethesoftwarewhichallowsaccesstotheinternetandviewingwebsites(aninternetbrowsersuchasFirefoxorInternetExplorer).TextOtherexampleapplicationsinclude,wordprocessorstoproduceandprintdocuments,spreadsheetstomanageaccountsandfinances,orsoftwaretoproduceandprintpictures.

ApplicationsoftwareclassificationTherearemanytypesofapplicationsoftware:Anapplicationsuiteconsistsofmultipleapplicationsbundledtogether.Theyusuallyhaverelatedfunctions,featuresanduserinterfaces,andmaybeabletointeractwitheachother,e.g.openeachother'sfiles.Businessapplicationsoftencomeinsuites,e.g.MicrosoftOffice,OpenO,andiWork,whichbundletogetherawordprocessor,aspreadsheet,etc.;butsuitesexistforotherpurposes,e.g.graphicsormusic.TextEnterprisesoftwareaddressestheneedsoforganizationprocessesanddataflow,ofteninalargedistributedenvironment.(ExamplesincludeFinancial,CustomerRelationshipManagement,andSupplyChainManagement).EnterpriseinfrastructuresoftwareprovidescommoncapabilitiesneededtosupportEnterpriseSoftwaresystems.(ExamplesincludeDatabases,Emailservers,andNetworkandSecurityManagement)

Informationworkersoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualstocreateandmanageinformation,oftenforindividualprojectswithinadepartment,incontrasttoenterprisemanagement.Examplesincludetimemanagement,resourcemanagement,documentationtools,analytical,andcollaborative.TextWordprocessors,spreadsheets,emailandblogclients,personalinformationsystem,andindividualmediaeditorsmayaidinmultipleinformationworkertasks.Contentaccesssoftwareissoftwareusedprimarilytoaccesscontentwithoutediting,butmayincludesoftwarethatallowsforcontentediting.Suchsoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualsandgroupstoconsumedigitalentertainmentandpublisheddigitalcontent.(ExamplesincludeMediaPlayers,WebBrowsers,andGames)

Educationalsoftwareisrelatedtocontentaccesssoftware,buthasthecontentand/orfeaturesadaptedforuseinbyeducatorsorstudents.Forexample,itmaydeliverevaluations(tests),trackprogressthroughmaterial.TextSimulationsoftwareiscomputersoftwareforsimulationofphysicalorabstractsystemsforresearch,trainingorentertainmentpurposes.Mediadevelopmentsoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualswhogenerateprintandelectronicmediaforotherstoconsume,mostofteninacommercialoreducationalsetting.ThisincludesGraphicArtsoftware,DesktopPublishingsoftware,MultimediaDevelopmentsoftware,HTMLeditors,DigitalAnimationeditors,DigitalAudioandVideocomposition,andmanyothers.

Productengineeringsoftwareisusedindevelopinghardwareandsoftwareproducts.Thisincludescomputeraideddesign(CAD),computeraidedengineering(CAE),computerlanguageeditingandcompilingtools,IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments,andApplicationProgrammerInterfaces.TextExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatiscomputersoftware?(2)Howcanyougetcomputersoftware?(3)Whodoeswritecomputersoftware?(4)Howmanykindsofcomputersoftwaredoyouknow?(5)Whichapplicationsoftwarehaveyouused?2.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:(1)sourcecode(6)programmingsoftware(2)DVD(7)MultimediaDevelopmentsoftware(3)CAD(8)DigitalAudioandVideocomposition(4)systemsoftware(9)编译器(5)applicationsoftware(10)程序师keyExercises(11)指令(12)博客(13)浏览器(14)计算机辅助工程(15)服务器(16)客户keyExercises3.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

(1)Computer

isthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,laptop,mouse,keyboard,etc.(2)Computer

isthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.(3)Acomputer

isthesetofinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodothejob.(4)Computersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbyprogrammerusinga

language.(5)The

writescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.keyExercises4.Choosethebestonefromtheitemsgivenbelowtocompletethefollowingpassage.Thecomputeritselfdoesnotdoalltheworkonitsown.Theworkisdonebya(1)__ofthecomputer,calledhardware,and(2)__ofinstructions,calledsoftwareorcomputerprograms.Insidethemachine,theinstructionsare(3)__andcardedouttodotheworkyouwanttodo.Acomputerwithoutsoftwareisnothingmorethanamassofmetalandplastic.Ontheotherhand,softwarewithoutacomputerissimplywasted(4)__becauseonlythecomputercanusethesoftwareandputittowork.Whenyoutalkaboutacomputer'sbeingabletodothisorthat,youarereallyreferringtothe(5)__thatacceptsyourcommandsandthecomputerthatcarriesthemout.Exercises(1)A.memory B.chip C.combination D.wire(2)A.programs B.procedures C.sets D.subroutines(3)A.Composed B.explained C.interpreted D.organized(4)A.disk B.file C.tape D.potential(5)A.editor B.hardware C.keyboard D.softwarekeyExercises5.MarkthefollowingstatementswithT(true)orF(false)accordingtothetext.(1)Applicationsoftwareinclude:windowsvista,windowsxp,macosx,linuxandUNIX.(2)Theoperatingsystemisthesoftwareboughttodocommonjobssuchasplayagame,allowpeopletospeaktoeachother,recordmusic.(3)EnterpriseinfrastructuresoftwareprovidescommoncapabilitiesneededtosupportEnterpriseSoftwaresystems.(4)Educationalsoftwaremaydeliverevaluations(tests),trackprogressthroughmateria.(5)CADisakindofProductengineeringsoftware.keyExercises6.Selecttheoneanswertoeachquestion.(1)Thecomputerisconsistsofhardwareand

.A.software B.instructionC.programmer D.user(2)WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoapplicationsoftware?

A.wordprocessor B.electronicspreadsheetC.graphicprogram D.Backupprogram(3)Whereistheapplicationsoftwarestoredon?

A.RAM B.harddisk C.ROM D.bufferExercises(4)Whichofthefollowingisthemostfundamentalconceptofcomputersoftware?

A.wordprocessor B.spreadsheetC.applicationsoftwareD.systemsoftware(5)

providessupportforapplicationsoftwareA.User B.MotherboardC.Memory D.Systemsoftware(6)Whenstartedbyusers,applicationsoftwareisloadedintothe()

ofacomputer.A.RAM B.monitorC.screen D.harddiskkeyExercises7.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(1)Computerhardwareisthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,laptop,mouse,keyboard,etc.Computersoftwarecan’tbetouched.Itisthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.(2)Computersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbycomputerprogrammersusingaprogramminglanguage.Theprogrammerwritescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.Thesecommandsarecalledsourcecode.Anothercomputerprogramcalledacompileristhenusedo