土壤污染及防治英语

EnvironmentalpollutionandpreventionCrew：滕达、朱梦浩、沙科成、路飞第1页，共25页。EnvironmentalpollutionandpreventionSoilpollutionhazardsandthestatusquo3Theconceptofcharacteristicsofthesoilpollution1Soilpollutionreasons24Ofsoilpollutionpreventionandcontrolmeasures第2页，共25页。First,theconceptofthecharacteristicsofthesoilpollution

Whatissoilpollution？

Soilpollutionharmfultoxicsubstancesintothesoilbeyondtheself-purificationcapacityofthesoil,resultinginsoilphysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertieschange,reducingcropyieldsandquality,thephenomenonofharmtohumanhealth.Fromtheperspectiveofenvironmentalsciencetodefinesoilpollutionisthewasteandtoxicandhazardoussubstancesintothesoiloverthesoilself-purificationcapacity,destructionofthestateofthenaturalbalanceofthesoilsystemcompletelysoilqualitydeteriorationorrecessionphenomenon.第3页，共25页。2majorpollutants1.Inorganiccontaminants(suchasheavymetals,acids,salts,etc.)2.Organicpesticides(suchasfertilizers,pesticides,herbicides,etc.)3.Organicwaste(suchasbiodegradableordegradableorganicwaste,etc.)4.Sludge,slagandflyash,radioactivesubstances,parasites,pathogens第4页，共25页。1soilpollutionhashiddenandlag2Accumulationofsoilpollution3soilpollutionirreversible4soilpollutionrefractoryrational

3.Characteristicsoflandcontamination第5页，共25页。Second.Soilpollutionreasons1sewageforirrigation2airpollution3excessiveapplicationoffertilizers4heavyuseofpesticides5solidwaste6ofheavymetals7radioactivematerialcontaminationofsoil第6页，共25页。1sewageforirrigation

Sewageandindustrialwastewater,containingnitrogen,phosphorus,potassiumandmanyplantsneednutrients,soreasonableuseofSewageIrrigation,generalstimulationeffect.Sewagecontainingheavymetals,phenols,cyanideandothertoxicandhazardoussubstancesdirectlyusedforfarmlandirrigation,willpollutethesoil.第7页，共25页。2airpollution

Atmosphericpollutioncanbedividedintotwocategories:gaspollution,suchassulfurdioxide,fluoride,ozone,nitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons,etc.;aerosolpollution,suchasdust,sootandothersolidparticlesandliquidsmoke,fogandotherparticles,theyarebysedimentationorprecipitationintothesoilandcausepollution.第8页，共25页。3.Excessiveapplicationoffertilizers.

Long-termlarge-scaleuseofchemical

fertilizerssuchasnitrogen,phosphorus,willdestroythesoilstructure,resultinginsoilcompaction,degradationofarablesoiltilthshallowplowingdeterioratedsecurityfertilizercapacitydeclineanddeteriorationofthebiologicalproperties,andincreasethecostofagriculturalproduction,theimpactthecropyieldandquality第9页，共25页。4heavyuseofpesticides

Cropsfromthesoiltoabsorbpesticidesaccumulatedinplantroots,stems,leaves,fruitsandseeds,andendangerhumanandlivestockhealththroughfood,feed第10页，共25页。5solidwasteIndustrialwasteandmunicipalwastesoilsolidcontaminants.Forexample,awiderangeofallkindsoftrashgeneratedmanagement,recyclingpoor,thelargeamountofwastewasleftonthelandcausedbylandpollution.第11页，共25页。6HeavymetalelementsHeavymetalpollutantsintothesoiltothepresenceofsolubleandinsolubleparticles,suchasfluorine,mercury,cadmium,Zn,Pb,Nisuchasarsenic,chromiuminthesoilthatcanbeabsorbedbyplantsandenriched.第12页，共25页。7RadioactivesubstancescontaminatedsoilSoilradiationcontaminationsourceofuraniumandthoriummining,uraniumenrichment,nuclearwastedisposal,nuclearweaponsexplosions,nuclearexperiments,coal-firedpowerplants,phosphateoreminingprocessing.Easilyadsorbedbythesoil,theresidencetimeislonger.第13页，共25页。Third.HazardsandthestatusquoofthelandHazard:1.Soilpollutionworsensalreadystrainedmoreshortageofarablelandresources2.Soilpollutiontremendousthreattopeople'shealth3.Soilpollutiontoadverseimpactonagriculturaldevelopmenthasbroughtgreat4.Soilpollutionisalsoanimportantreasontocauseenvironmentalpollution5.Pollutantsinsoilpollutionmigrationandretention,andmaycontinuetocauselandcontamination6.Soilpollutionseriouslyjeopardizetheinterestsoffuturegenerations,isnotconducivetothesustainabledevelopmentoftheruraleconomy第14页，共25页。

Currently,theuproarcancervillages.Chinacancervillagespacedistributionisveryuneven,inadditiontothefourprovincesofTibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxiahasnotbeenfoundoutsidethevillageofcancer,aredistributedin27provincesacrossthecountry,thenumberofsignificantdifferencesbetweentheseprovincescancervillage.NumberofcancerVillageinHenanProvince,morethan39isthegreatest.Causes,removalofpartoftheformationoftheunexplainedcancervillages,theformationofthecancervillagesremaining90%areassociatedwithmodernindustrialpollution.Suchfactoriesandminesmainlyincludechemicalplants,printinganddyeing,papermills,pharmaceuticalplants,tanneries,alcoholplants,powerplants,limekilns,wherethechemicalplantcausedenvironmentalpollutionleadtothethecancervillagesphenomenonmostcommon.第15页，共25页。Status:

Atpresent,theoverallsituationofsoilpollutioninChinaisgrim,serioussoilpollutioninsomeareas,thesoilheavilypollutedareainheavypollutingenterprisesorindustry-intensiveareas,theminingminingareasandthesurroundingregion,urbanandperi-urbanareasandhigh-riskareas.Varioustypesofsoilpollution,showingthecoexistenceofoldandnewpollutants,inorganic-organiccompositepollutionsituation.Soilpollutionpathway,thereasonsarecomplicated,difficulttocontrol.Soilenvironmentalsupervisionandmanagementsystemisnotperfect,inadequateinvestmentinsoilpollutionprevention,socialpreventionawareness.Agriculturalproductsqualityandsafetyproblemscausedbysoilpollutionandmassincidentsareincreasingyearbyyear,becomeimportantfactorsthataffectthepublichealthandsocialstability.第16页，共25页。Landpollutionstatusofgeneralcharacteristics:1.Increasedpollutionlevels

Accordingtoincompletesurvey,thenationalcontaminatedfarmlandandabout1.5millionmu,3250muofarablelandirrigatedwithsewagepollution,solidwastedumpscoversanareaof​​200muandHuiTian,togetheraccountforaboutone-tenthofthetotalareaofcultivatedlandabove,mostofwhichisconcentratedinthemoreeconomicallydevelopedregions.第17页，共25页。2.Hugepollutionhazard.Itisestimatedthatthecountryeachyearduetoheavymetalcontaminationoffoodamountedto12milliontons,resultingindirecteconomiclossesofover20billionyuan.Soilpollutioncausedbyharmfulsubstancesaccumulatedinthecropentersthebodythroughthefoodchainandcausevariousdiseases,ultimatelyendangerhumanhealth.Soilpollutiondirectlyaffectsthestructureandfunctionofthesoilecosystem,willeventuallybecomeathreattoecologicalsecurity.第18页，共25页。3.PollutionpreventionfoundationisweakCurrently,theareaofthenationalsoilpollution,distributionandextentisunclear,thelackofpreventionmeasurestargeted.Preventionofsoilpollutionlawsorblank,northeformationofsoilenvironmentalstandardsystem.Limitedcapitalinvestment,soilscienceresearchisdifficulttocarryoutin-depth.Aconsiderablepartofthemassesandtheenterprisesarelackofawarenessoftheseriousnessanddangerofsoilpollution。第19页，共25页。Fourth,thepreventionofsoilpollution1.Soilpollutionpreventionandcontrol,includingtwoaspects:First,the"anti",istotakemeasurestopreventsoilpollution;

Thesecondisthe"rule"isalreadycontaminatedsoilimprovedgovernance.第20页，共25页。2.Soilpollutionpreventionmeasures

1scientificuseofSewageIrrigation2Rationaluseofpesticides,andactively3develophigh-efficiencylow-residuepesticides3Activelypromotebiologica