参考成果四肢肌

第五节上肢TheMusclesoftheUpper上肢带肌Themusclesofthe臂肌Themusclesofthe前臂肌Themusclesofthe手肌Themusclesofthe一、上肢带Themusclesofthe三角肌deltoid冈上supraspinous冈下肌infraspinous小圆teres大圆teres肩胛下subscapular一、上肢带三角前三角中Deltoid后三角Deltoid起点Origin：起自锁骨外1/3lateralthirdofofscapula。tuberosityofhumerus。作用前部肌束使臂（肩关节）屈和内旋flexesandmediallyrotatesarm;中部肌束使臂（肩关节）外展abducts后部肌束使臂（肩关节）伸和外旋extendsandlaterallyrotatesarm。肩胛下肩胛下上肢带肌的作suprapinatusinitiatesandhelpsdeltoidtoabductarmattheshoulderjoint.infraspinatuslaterallyrotatesthehumerus.小圆肌：使肱骨（肩关节）外旋。Theteresminorlaterallyrotatesthehumerus.大圆肌：使臂（肩关节）内收和内旋。Theteresmajoradductsandmediallyrotatesarm.肩胛下肌：使臂（肩关节）内收和内旋。Thesubscapularisadductsandmediallyrotatesarm.冈上肩冈冈下袖小圆肩肩胛下肌肌Themusclotendinous肩胛下肌、冈上肌、冈下肌和小圆肌的肌腱分别止于交织，形成“肌腱袖”，可保持肱骨头与关节盂相接触，从而加强肩关节的稳定性。Thetendonsoffourmuscles—thesuprasipinous,infraspinous,teresminor,andsubscapularmuscles,blendtoformamusculotendinoussheatharoundtheglenohumeraljoint,calledtherotatorcuff,whichisattachedtotheunderlyingfIbrouscapsuleoftheshoulderjoint.Itprotectstheshoulderjointandgivesitstabilitybyhoidingtheheadofthehumerusintheglenoid 二、臂Themusclesofthe前群Theanteriorbiceps喙肱肌后群Theposteriortriceps喙肱肱二头肱肱肱肱肱二肱二头肌腱（一）臂肌前(二

肱三头肱三头长旋后；其长头协助屈肩关Thebicepsbrachiiflexeselbowjointandsupinatesforearmwhentheforearmispronation.Itslongheadalsohelpstoflextheshoulderjoint.肱肌：使肘关节屈。Thebrachialisflexesforearmall喙肱肌：使肩关节屈和内收。ThehelpstoflexandadductarmattheshoulderThetricepsbrachiiextendsforearm.Itslongheadcanalsoextendsandadductstheshoulderjoint.三、前臂ThemusclesoftheTheanterior分为四共有9块Theposterior分为二共有10块第一层 ①The ①②Thepronator 旋前圆 ④③Theflexorcarpi桡侧腕屈④Thepalmaris⑤Theflexorcarpi尺侧腕屈（一）前臂肌前第二Thesecond指浅屈Theflexordigitorum（一）前臂肌前第三层ThethirdTheflexorpollicis拇长屈Theflexordigitorum指深屈ThefourthThepronator旋前方（一）前臂肌前（一）前臂肌前前臂肌前群的外展腕关节：桡侧腕屈肌内收腕关节：尺侧腕屈肌前臂旋前：旋前圆肌、旋前方肌屈拇指腕掌关节和指骨间关节：拇长屈屈第2~5指腕掌关节及近侧指骨间关节指浅屈肌和指深屈肌屈远侧指骨间关节：指深屈肌Thesuperficial①Extensorcarpi桡侧腕长伸②Extensorcarpiradialis桡侧腕长短③Extensor指伸④Extensordigiti小指伸⑤Extensorcarpi尺侧腕伸

肘 ②⑤④（二）前臂肌后Thedeep肘 旋后②Abductorpollicis拇长展 ④③Extensorpollicis⑤拇短伸④Extensorpollicis拇长伸⑤Extensor示指伸（二）前臂肌后拇长拇长解剖体表Thesurface

指伸肌前臂肌后群的伸肘关节：指伸肌、肘肌外展腕关节：桡侧腕长、短伸肌内收腕关节：尺侧腕伸肌前臂旋后：旋后肌伸拇指腕掌关节：拇长、短伸肌外展拇指腕掌关节：拇长展肌伸拇指指骨间关节：拇长伸肌伸第2~5指腕掌关节及指骨间关节：指伸肌、食指伸四、手（固有）Theintrinsicmuscleofthe外侧群Thelateralgroup（鱼际肌群thenar拇短展abductorpollicis拇短屈flexorpollicis拇对掌opponens拇收adductor内侧群Themedialgroup（小鱼际肌群hypothenar小指展abductordigiti小指短屈flexordigitiminimi小指对掌opponensdigiti中间Theintermediate蚓状lumbrical骨间肌interosseous拇短展拇对掌小拇短展拇对掌小指展小指拇短屈拇收小指鱼际肌群屈拇指腕掌关节：拇短屈内收拇指腕掌关节：拇收外展拇指腕掌关节：拇短展拇指对掌：拇小鱼际肌屈小指：小指外展小指：小小指对掌：小指对掌（三）中间第1~4lumbrical蚓状肌的起点、止点和作Origin，insertionandactionofthelumbrical蚓状肌的作蚓状Flexthemetacarpophalangealjointsandextendtheinterphalangealjoints.第1~4骨间背侧肌 第1~3骨间掌侧肌骨间Thepalmar骨间肌止点和Originandactionofthe骨间肌的作骨间肌The屈掌指关节伸指骨间关节。Flexthemetacarpophalangealjointsandextendtheinterphalangealjoints.骨间掌侧肌Thepalmar收第2、4、5指。Adductthesecondfourthandfifthfinger.骨间背侧肌Thedorsal展第2、3、4指。Abductthesecondthirdandfourthfinger.肩关节的运动肌或肌肩三角肌(后部肌束肩关

三角肌(前部肌束臂前肌群（喙肱肌和肱二头肌群

背阔肩胛下肌、大圆喙肱肱三头肌长或三角肌(后部肌束肌冈下肌、小圆 背阔肩胛下肌、大圆三角肌(前部肌束肘关节的运动肌或肌群臂后肌群（肱三头肌群前臂后肌群（伸肌和旋后肌）

臂前肌群（肱二头肌和肱肌前臂前肌群（桡侧腕屈肌、指浅屈肌）前臂旋转的运动肌或肌前臂旋前、旋后运 旋前方

旋前圆旋 肱二头 旋后旋腕关节的运动肌或肌群前臂后肌群（群

前臂前肌群（桡侧肌桡侧腕屈群桡侧腕长、

尺侧腕屈尺侧腕伸 拇拇长屈指拇短屈 拇拇长伸指拇短伸收使拇指内收的肌或肌展拇长展肌、拇短使拇指外展的肌或肌 或指浅屈肌（屈近侧指骨间关节肌指深屈肌（屈近、远侧指骨间关节群小指短屈屈指示指伸骨小指伸 第六节下肢ThemusclesofthelowerThemusclesofthe大腿Themusclesofthe小腿ThemusclesoftheThemusclesofthe一、髋肌前群Theanterior后群Theposterior(一

psoaspsoas髂tensortensorfascia（一）髋肌前髋肌前群的作髂腰肌屈大腿（髋关节）。Flexesthethighatthehip大腿外旋（髋关节外旋）。Laterallyrotatethethighatthehipjoint.使躯干前屈。Bendsthetrunk阔筋 tensorfasciae使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋 臀大（二）髋肌后闭孔内obturator（二）髋肌后

臀中gluteus梨状piriformis上孖quadratusgluteus闭孔外obturator（二）髋肌后piriformis闭孔内obturator（二）髋肌后髋肌后群的作内旋髋关节：臀中肌、臀小外展髋关节：臀中肌、臀小髋肌后群的作臀大肌 Flexesandlaterallyrotatesthethighatthehipjoint（使髋关节伸和外旋）；②下肢固定时，能伸直躯干，防止躯干前倾，是维 臀中肌gluteusmedius：使大腿外展、内旋和外旋梨状肌piriformismuscle：使大腿外展和外旋闭孔内肌obturatorinternus：使大腿外臀小肌Gluteusminimus：使大腿外展、内旋和外闭孔外肌obturatorexternus：使大腿外旋股方肌quadratusfemoris：使大腿外旋二、大腿Themusclesofthe前群（伸肌群Theanterior(extensor)内侧群（收肌群Themedial(adductor)后群（屈肌群或腘绳肌Theposterior(flexororhamstring)femorislateralism.

Sartorius股内侧mdialis（一）大腿前肌quadricepsRectus股外侧 Vastus股内侧 Vastus 股直肌 Rectus larQuadriceps股外侧Vastus股股中间股Vastus股内侧 Vastus 股直肌 Rectus lar股前肌群股四头肌quadriceps①伸膝关节Extendstheknee②股直肌使髋关节Therectusfemorisflexesthethighatthehipjoint.缝匠①屈髋关节、屈膝关节。Flexesthehipjointandknee.②使半屈位膝关节内旋Mediallyrotatestheflexedknee.pectinealadductoradductoradductor(三)大腿内侧肌pectinealadductoradductor收肌腱裂adductorgracilisgracilis(三)大腿内侧肌股内侧肌群的作使大腿（髋关节）内收和外Adductandlaterallyrotatethe半腱半膜

bicepsfemoris，shortheadbicepsfemoris，longhead(三)大腿后肌

bicepsfemoris，longheadbicepsfemoris，shorthead(三)大腿后肌大腿后肌群的作伸髋关节、屈膝关节。Extendthethighatthehipjointandflexthelegattheknee股二头肌：使半屈位的膝关节外旋三、小腿ThemusclesoftheTheanterior(extensorandinvertor)前群（伸肌群或内翻肌群Thelateral(flexorandevertor)外侧群（屈肌群或外翻肌群Theposterior(flexorandinvertor)后群（屈肌群或内翻肌群后骨筋膜外侧骨筋膜前骨筋膜小腿的骨小腿前肌趾长伸digitorum

胫骨前tibialis拇长伸hallucis小腿前肌群的作足内翻：胫骨伸拇趾：拇长伸肌、拇短伸伸第2~5腓骨长peroneus腓骨短peroneus小腿外侧肌腓骨长Fibularis腓骨长Fibularis小腿外侧肌群的作跖屈踝关节：腓骨长、短肌足外翻：腓骨长、短肌比目鱼比目鱼跟跟tendon小腿三头tricepssurae后趾长屈后flexordigitorum胫骨后胫骨后tibialis拇长拇长屈flexor 趾长屈flexor腓骨长Fibularis

拇长屈flexorextensordigitorum拇短伸extensor四A、足背Medial内侧群中间Latera