中考英语二轮复习学案（八） 动词讲解与练习

PAGE22PAGE专题八动词的分类、基本用法及作用★动词的分类★动词的作用★动词的基本用法（动词在句中作谓语、非谓语）考点一:动词的分类、基本用法1.情态动词：cancould能maymight可以willwould愿意shallshould应该must必须haveto不得不+V原形（在句中不当任何成分）2.助动词：dodoesdid（无词意）havehashad（无词意）+V过分3.系动词：be,turn变得,become变得,get(变得)look(看起来),sound(听起来)smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来)+形容词（无被动语态、无进行时态）seem好像keep保持stay保持（构成系表结构）4.实义/行为动词：（在句中能独立作谓语）+副词①.vt.及物动词+宾语vi不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语②.延续性动词可用一段时间瞬间动词不用一段时间，如果要用，必须转化成对应的延续性动词（since和for引导的完成时态，谓语动词必须用延续性动词）瞬间动词转化延续性动词borrow借keepdie死bedeadmarry/getmarriedbemarriedleavebeawaycomebeherearrivein/reachbeinstartbeonbecomebebuyhavefinishbeover考点二：动词的五种形式1、原形（动词本身）2、三单：（加-s）①、在动词原形后加-s②、以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词，在词尾加-es③、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y改为i,再加-es3、现在分词：(加-ing)①、大部分动词后直接加-ing②、以不发音字母e结尾的，去掉e,再加-ing③、双写加-ing的(get,cut,put,sit；stop,shop,plan,swim；run,hit,travel等)④、少数几个以-ie结尾的，要把ie改为y,再加-ingdiedying死lielying躺tietying系4、过去式/过去分词（加-ed）1）、规则变化①、部分动词在词尾直接加-ed②、以-e结尾的，直接加-d③、以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y改为i,再加-ed④、个别单词需双写末尾字母加-ed(stop,plan,travel等)2）、不规则变化①不变的原形过去式过去分词putputputcutcutcutreadreadreadhurthurthurt②、其余改变字母的，见英语书book6后，需同学们自己去记忆。如：bewas/werebeenleaveleftleftbecomebecamebecomelendlentlentbeginbeganbegunloselost--lostbreakbrokebrokenmakemademadebringbroughtbroughtmeetmetmetbuildbuiltbuiltpaypaidpaidbuyboughtboughtrunran--runcatchcaughtcaughtsaysaidsaidcomecamecomeseesawseendrinkdrankdrunksitsatsatdrivedrovedrivensleepsleptslepteatateeatensmellsmeltsmeltfallfellfallenspeakspokespokenfeelfeltfeltspendspentspentfindfoundfoundstandstoodstoodflyflewflownswimswamswumforgetforgotforgottaketooktakengetgotgotteachtaughttaughtgivegavegiventelltoldtoldgowentgonethinkthoughtthoughtgrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownhearheadheardwearworewornholdheldheldwinwonwonkeepkeptkeptwrite—wrotewrittenknowknewknown▲：练习1.Mrs.Chentoldustowriteas(care)aswecould.2.Englishdictionariesarevery(use)toyouwhenyoustudyEnglish.3.Theoldshouldbespokento(polite).4.Hedidtheworkvery(care).Everybodysaidhehaddoneagoodjob.5.Wehopeitwillbe(sun)tomorrow,forourpicnic.6.Themotherlooked(angry)athernaughtydaughter.7.Listen!Thelovelybirdsaresingingnicelyand(soft)inthetrees.8.Ifatfirstyoudon’t(success),try,tryagain.9.Itiswell(know)thattheBeijingOlympicsin2008wasagreatsuccess.10.(luck),hewasn’thurtbadly.11.Heworkedouttheproblem___________(easy).12.Hetrieshisbesttodosomeexercisetokeep_________(health)13.Annislaughing____________(happy)14.Areyourparents____________(interesting)inswimming?15.Thestrongmanliftthefruittothetruck____________(easy)16.Igotuplatethismorning,but___________(luck)Igottoschoolintime.17.Doyouknowtheboy__________(name)Potter.18.Don’tplayfootballhere.It’stoo____________(danger).19.Idon’t____________(real)agreewithyou.20.Ifoundthehospital____________(easy).21.Mybrotheroftenforgetshishomework.Heisvery_____________(care).22.Themanwas____________(bad)ill.Sowetookhimtothehospital.23.Idon’tfeelvery___________(good).24.Ifelt___________(excite)whenIheardthenews.25.Mysisterbecame__________(relax)whenItoldherthetruth.26.Englishisusedvery____________(wide)intheworld.27.Infiveyears,I__________(be)adoctor.28.It’shothere,you’dbetter_____________(notwear)yourcoat.29.Inearlyforgot_____________(turn)offthelightwhenIlefttheroom.30.It’salittlecoldhere.Doyoumind___________(close)thewindow?31.Ihavereturnedthebooktothelibraryalready.Howlong________you________(keep)it?32.Chinese_______________(speak)bymanypeopleintheworld33.Bequite!Theteachers_______________(have)ameeting.34.Ifounditverydifficult___________(work)outtheproblem.35.I’mafraidyou___________(forget)thedate,haven’tyou?36.Ifit____(notrain)nextSunday,We’llhaveafootballma