香港边坡稳定性安全系统

ManagementSystem

ofSlopeStabilityinHongKong

DepartmentofCivilEngineering

TheUniversityofHongKong

Introduction香港特别行政区是拥有7,000,000人口的国际性大都市。香港是世界上最重要的金融中心之一，是世界上最多最忙的集装箱物流港口，在商务、进出口和旅游等方面在世界上占领导地位。然而，香港特区陆地面积仅有1097平方公里，并且，城市市政发展基础设施和建筑物建设集中于大约165平方公里的陆地上。市政用地仅占总陆地面积的15%，其余85%的陆地主要是受保护的自然绿色山地和郊野公园。因此，香港是世界上有效利用土地资源、保护自然环境、绿色城市建设的典范。SatelliteImageofHongKong深圳

WesternHongKongIslandLow-lyingareaofKowloonHongKongIslandShaTinLowgraniteCliffsontheFanLaupeninsula,LantauIslandDoubleIsland,NortheasternNewTerriotries

UrbanDevelopmentandMan-MadeSlopes自50年代以来，香港经历了巨大的经济起飞和市政建设发展。市政建设主要是在20到50度的自然山坡上进行的。因而，在山坡上进行了大量地开挖和填方工程，形成了54000多幅人造陡降削土和填土斜坡。IntroductionOldHongKongIntroductionOldHongKongOldHongKongOldHongKong,SquattersExcavationforQuarryExcavationforSiteFormationLargereclamationplatforminwestKowloonNewHongKongLargecutslopecloselyadjacentBuildingsLandslideHazard由于崎岖不平的山地、陡降的人造斜坡、高厚度的花岗岩和火山岩风化壳和夏季强暴雨等不利因素，因而滑坡灾害发生频繁。据统计，每年大约有200至400次不同程度的滑坡。滑坡常造成人员伤亡和经济财产损失。滑坡是香港最严重的地质灾害现象。70年代，香港发生了三起特大灾难性的滑坡，此三起滑坡当场害死156人。

1972PoShanLandslide(~20,000m3)1972SauMauPingLandslide(~5,000m3)1976SauMauPingLandslideLandslideatSquatterHutsBanguioVilla,1992DebrisFlowatCastlePeakKwunLongLauLandslide,OldMasonryRetainingWallsOn13Aug.1995,amajorlandslideof26,000m3tookplaceatthehillsideaboveShumWanRoadandcausedthecollapseofa30mlongsectionofNamLongShanRoad.ThedebriscrossedSWR,damagedthreeshipyardsandafactory,resultedtwofatalitiesandinjuredfiveotherpeople.TenThousandBuddhas’Monastery,July2,1997FloodingOccurredonNLSRoadagainonAug.22,1997Thenewbridge:4.6mwide,roadgradient0.30,andthekerbs0.11mhigh.Theestimatedflowrateis0.7m3/second.

MainPartiesinSlopeSafetySlopeSafetyTechnicalReviewBoardLandslidePreventionHongKongSlopeSafetyWebsite香港斜坡安全网页

.hkDesignStandardsandGuidancesDesignStandardsandGuidancesDesignStandardsandGuidancesGeologicalMapofHongKongLandslidePreventionLandslidePreventionLandslidePreventionLandslidePreventionLandslideWarningSystemGEO:86HKO:24RainfallRecordsandAnalysisLandslidePreventionHaWoCheLandslideof3July1997LandslideInvestigationMainContributoryFactorsofLandslideOversteepslopegradientPresenceofclose-spaceddiscontinuitiesinthehighlydecomposedgraniteSevererainfallAdversetopographicsettingwithconcentratedsurfacewaterandsubsurfacewaterflowbeingdirectedtothelandslidesiteDesignProceduresPrescriptiveMeasuresPre-determined,experience-basedandsuitablyconservativemodulesofworksprescribedtoaslopeorretainingwalltoimproveitsstabilityorreducetheriskoffailure,withoutdetailedgroundinvestigationsanddesignanalyses.GeologicalSectionA-AGeologicalSection2A-2AInitialSection2-2LowerSlopeFenceforWorksSiteScaffoldingonSlopesBeforeLPMworksAfterLPMWorksGroundAnchorsGroundAnchorsBoulderFenceSprayedConcreteStoneFacingCribRetainingWallRCRetainingWallSoilNailingRegardingandHydroseedingHydroseedingRockDowell