神经系统解剖朱晞改

THEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMTheSpinalNervesGeneralDescription1.数量31Pairs：CervicalNerves:8pairsThoracicNerves:12pairsLumbarNerves:5pairsSacralNerves:5pairsCoccygealNerves:1pair2.组成：2个根和1个神经节AnteriorRoot:motorfibersPosteriorRoot:sensoryfibersSpinalganglia:sensoty3.纤维成分：4种TheSomaticafferent(sensory)Fibers躯体感觉-TheVisceralafferent(sensory)Fibers内脏感觉TheSomaticefferent(motor)Fibers躯体运动-TheVisceralefferent(motor)Fibers内脏运动

4.出椎间孔后的分支：4种AnteriorBranch

PosteriorBranchMeningealBranchCommunicatingBranchesFourBranchesofaSpinalNerves前支除胸神经外都形成丛状：FourPlexusesCervicalPlexusBrachialPlexusLumbarPlexusSacralPlexusThethoracicnervesareseparatedfromeachother.TheCervicalPlexus颈丛一、组成和位置1.组成：Theanteriorbranchesofthe1stto4thcervicalnerves(C1~4)

2.位置和颈丛阻滞：

sternocleidomastoidm.

二、分支：1.皮支：Thelesseroccipitalnerve

枕小神经Thegreatauricularnerve

耳大神经Thetransversenerveofneck

颈横神经Thesupraclavicularnerves

锁骨上神经2.肌支：cervicalansa颈襻3.混合神经：Thephrenicnerve膈神经TheBrachialPlexus臂丛一、组成:root(C5–T1)→trunk→division→cord

根

→干支→束

二、位置：斜角肌间隙→锁骨后方→腋血管三、分支和分布：

1.短神经：3肩、3胸

2.长神经：

lateralcord：

musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经

mediannerve正中神经

Medialcord：mediannerve正中神经

ulnarnerve尺神经

Posteriorcord

：radialnerve

桡神经

axillarynerve腋神经

themusculocutaneousn.theaxillaryn.thelongthoracicn.

medialpectoraln.lateralpectoraln.mediann.

theulnarn.theradialn.

thethoracodorsaln.themusculocutaneousnerve：anteriorgroupofthearmthemediannerve：themostofanteriorgroupoftheforearmandpartmusclesofhandtheulnarnerve：thepartofanteriorgroupoftheforearmandpartmusclesofhand

theradialnerve：

posteriorgroupofarmandposteriorgroupoftheforearmtheaxillarynerve：deltoid

RadialNerveTheAnteriorBranchesoftheThoracicNerves

——Intercostalandsubcostalnerve

胸神经前支

（11对肋间神经＆1对肋下神经）胸神经的节段性分布T2:thesternalangleT8:thecostalarchT4:thenippleT10:theumbilicusT6:thexiphoidprocessT12:theanteriorsuperioriliacspinTheLumbarPlexus腰丛一、组成和位置：

T12(part)+L1~3+L4(part)；腰大肌前方二、分支及分布：Theiliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神经Theilioinguinalnerve

髂腹股沟神经Thelateralfemoralcutaneousnerve

股外侧皮神经Thefemoralnerve

股神经Theobturatornerve

闭孔神经Thegenitofemoralnerve

生殖股神经TheSacralPlexus骶丛一、组成和位置：Thelumbosacraltrunk(L4~5)+S1~5+Coc；小骨盆侧壁Thebranchesofthesacralplexus二、分支和分布

superiorglutealn.臀上神经

inferiorglutealn.臀下神经

pudendaln.阴部神经

analnerves肛神经

perinealnerve会阴神经

dorsalnerveofpenisorclitoris阴茎（阴蒂）背神经

posteriorfemoralcutaneousn.股后皮神经

sciaticn.坐骨神经：大腿后面

tibialn.胫神经小腿后面和足底