2023年中石油职称英语真题及答案

2023年中石油职称英语真题试卷23I.VocabularyDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.TheChinesenationhassignificantlytotheprogressofhumancivilization.a.relatedb.contributedc.ownedd.attachedThebeesoutoftheirhive.a.flockedb.swarmedc.packedd.crowdedTheschoolcannotgivemuchpracticaltraininginliving,becausemostofthestudents”timeisspentinclasses,monlyHeshowedmehowtoturnonthelightsandtheair-conditioner.a.adjustb.adoptc.treatd.remedywasexhaustedwhenIreachedhome,andIflungmyselfdownonthefrontstepsto-.discoverb.recoverc.dissolved.retreatTraveland_werechangedwhenthesteamshipwasinvented.a.transportationb.traditionc.transmissiond.transformationMr.Smithfinallylosthis^.andfouledLincolnbygrindinghisfootwithabootheel.a.mindb.temperc.moodd.passionAntsdon”tcarrycalendarsaroundwiththem,buttheyshowamazingaccuracythedayoftheyear.a.incaseb.suchasc.sothatd.astoSchlesingerstaskwastomeldallheadquarters,field,andstaffprogramsintoaunifieddepartment.a.initialb.initiativec.initiated.initiation._allwehavelearnedfromspaceflights,themoonisstillariddlefromthedistantpast.a.Insteadofb.Inspiteofc.Insearchofd.Becauseof.Thefirststepistoyourproblemandgotoworkonit.a.recognizeb.revengec.recollectd.receiveintothedark,surethatIwouldfinallyreachthehospital.a.workoutb.setoutc.makeoutd.putoutSmokingalsotheheartandbloodvessels.a.inclinesb.affectsc.effectsd.surplusbelieveintheworthoftheindividualandinhisrighttolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.a.superiorb.surplusc.supremed.suppressByNovember1973oilsupplieswerecriticallylow,creatingthemostshortagesofenergysinceWorldWarILeducatedperson,butthereislittle67tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Ourfirstacquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromoutmother'slipsorfromthetalkofourschool-mates.68frombooksthatweread,lecturesthatwehear,orthemoreformalconversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular69inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabituallevelofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled“learned",andthe70betweenthemandthe“popular"parisonb.contrastc.distinctiond.similarityIV.TranslationDirections:Therearesomepassagesinthispartofthetest.YouaretotranslatethepassagesintoChineseonyourAnswerSheet.A级Chinaisabouttoadoptits11thfive-yearplan,settingthestageforthecontinuationofprobablythemostremarkableeconomictransformationinrecentyears,whileimprovingthewell-beingofalmostaquarteroftheworld^spopulation.中国马上实施第十一个五年规划。这是旨在造福于世界近1/4的人口，为或许是近些年最为可观的经济转型的持续进展所做的预备。WhilemuchoftherestofthedevelopingworldhasbeendirectedatacommonquestforhigherGDP,Chinahasonceagainmadeclearthatitseekssustainableincreasesinthepeople^shappiness.在其他进展中国家都不切实际地致力于提高国内生产总值时，中国再次重申，人民幸福指数的持续提高才是其追求的目标。Chinarealizesthatithasenteredaphaseofeconomicgrowththatisimposingenormousdemandsontheenvironment.Unlessthereisachangeincourse,livingstandardswilleventuallybecompromised.Thatiswhythenewfive-yearplanplacesgreatemphasisontheenvironment.中国意识到其经济进展已进入了给环境造成沉重负担的阶段。除非转变做法，否则将最终危及人民生活水平的提高。这也是的五年规划把环境问题当作重中之重的缘由所在。Chinarecognizes,too,thatwhatseparateslessdevelopedfrommoredevelopedcountriesisnotonlyagapinresources,butalsoagapinscienceandtechnology.Soithaslaidoutnewplansnotonlytoreducethatgap,buttocreateabasisforindependentinnovation.中国也生疏到，落后国家和兴盛国家不仅在资源上存在着差距，在科技上也同样有相当距离。因此中国制定了的打算，不仅要缩小这个差距，还要为独立创奠定根底。China^sroleintheworldandtheworld*economyhaschanged,andtheplanreflectsthis,too.Itsfutureeconomicalmodelwillhavetobebasedmoreondomesticdemandthanonexports,whichwillrequireincreasesinconsumption.Strengtheningsocialsecurityandpubliceducationwillsimultaneouslyincreasecitizens“senseofwell-being,andpromotecurrentconsumption.世界经济发生了变化，中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色也已经转变，这一点在五年规划中也有所反映。中国将来的经济模式将不得不更多地依靠国内需求而非出口，这就需要扩大国内消费。强化社会保障体系和公共教育将同时增加人们的幸福感，推动时下的消费。Withsuchaclearvisionofthefuture,thechallengewillbeimplementation.Marketeconomiesarenotself-regulating.Theycannotsimplybeleftonautopilot,especiallyifonewantstoensurethattheirbenefitsaresharedwidely.Butmanagingamarketeconomyisadifficulttask.Itisabalancingactthatmustconstantlyrespondtoeconomicchanges.China^s11thfive-yearplanprovidesaroadmapforthatresponse.中国对将来具有如此明确的远见卓识，挑战则在于：如何贯彻落实。市场经济并非自我调整，不行以挂上自动档就放手不管。假设想确保大局部人都能共享市场经济带来的好处，就更不能放任自流。但治理市场经济不是轻松的任务，它是一种必需依据经济变化随时进展调整的平衡之举。中国的第十一个五年规划的蓝图，是对调整的适当回应。B级Chinaisabouttoadoptits11thfive-yearplan,settingthestageforthecontinuationofprobablythemostremarkableeconomictransformationinrecentyears,whileimprovingthewell-beingofalmostaquarteroftheworld^spopulation.中国马上实施第十一个五年规划。这是旨在造福于世界近1/4的人口，为或许是近些年最为可观的经济转型的持续进展所做的预备。WhilemuchoftherestofthedevelopingworldhasbeendirectedatacommonquestforhigherGDP,Chinahasonceagainmadeclearthatitseekssustainableincreasesinthepeople'shappiness.在其他进展中国家都不切实际地致力于提高国内生产总值时，中国再次重申，人民幸福指数的持续提高才是其追求的目标。Chinarecognizesthatwhatseparateslessdevelopedfrommoredevelopedcountriesisnotonlyagapinresources,butalsoagapinscienceandtechnology.Soithaslaidoutnewplansnotonlytoreducethatgap,buttocreateabasisforindependentinnovation.中国生疏到，落后国家和兴盛国家不仅在资源上存在着差距，在科技上也同样有相当距离。因此中国制定了的打算，不仅要缩小这个差距，还要为独立创奠定根底。China'sroleintheworldandtheworld^seconomyhaschanged,andtheplanreflectsthis,too.Itsfutureeconomicalmodelwillhavetobebasedmoreondomesticdemandthanonexports,whichwillrequireincreasesinconsumption.Strengtheningsocialsecurityandpubliceducationwillsimultaneouslyincreasecitizens"senseofwell-being,andpromotecurrentconsumption.世界经济发生了变化，中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色也已经转变，这一点在五年规划中也有所反映。中国将来的经济模式将不得不更多地依靠国内需求而非出口，这就需要扩大国内消费。强化社会保障体系和公共教育将同时增加人们的幸福感，推动时下的消费。a.rigidb.acutec.densed.urgentThereisonesuggestionthatthefootstepsofcrowdswalkingthestreetsinmajorcitiescouldenergy.a.assembleb.gatherc.generated.yieldamunabletowhatheissaying.a.concentrateonb.concentrateinc.finishwithd.finishoffAmericansearly__wereattractedbythefertilelandandvariedclimatesitofferedforfarming.a.settlersb.inherentsc.residentsd.lodgersTheU.S.,generallyacknowledgedtobeastep_.Britainonbiofuel,hasanestimated600stationsthatofferE85(afuelmadeof85percentbioethanol),a.inexcessofb.inadvancec.aheadofd.infrontofYourspeechclasswillmakeyournervousnessworkforyouagainstyou.a.otherthanb.ratherthanc.morethand.lessthanGrammaticalStructureDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Myhusband,9sarmgothurt_—theirontower.a.whilewewereclimbingupb.whileheisclimbingupc.whileheclimbedupd.whileweclimbedupYou__mebecauseIdidn“tsaythat.a.musthavemisunderstoodb.hadtomisunderstandc.mustmisunderstandd.mustbemisunderstandingTheworld^ssuppliesofpetroleum_a.aregraduallyexhaustedb.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedc.havebeengraduallybeingexhaustedd.havegraduallyexhaustedThepolicetherecordsofallthoseinvolvedinthecrime.a.lookingintob.beinglookedintoc.islookingintod.arelookingintoThemodernlongpencilcandrawaline35milesinlength.a.7-inchedb.7-inchc.7-inchsd.7-inchesWrmingb.toinformc.havinginformedd.haveinformedNotuntilthegamehadbegan_atthesportsground.a.hadhearrivedb.hehavearrivedc.heshouldarrived.didhearrivedThemedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrag,notthedisease,killedhimseveralyearsago.a.thatb.whichc.theeffectsofitd.theeffectsofwhichSoundtravelsair.throughwaterfasterandwhereitisfasterthroughwaterthanthroughfasterthanthroughwaterthanthroughfasterthanthroughwaterandLiquidwaterchangestovapor,iscalledevap.a.whichb.whatc.thatd.itIfIyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.a.wasb.werec.wouldbed.amhopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,suggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.a.whileb.sincec.asd.afterAllflightsbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.a.hadbeencanceledb.havebeencanceledc.werecanceledd.havingbeencanceledWhat"sthematter?Ismellsomething.a.burnb.burnsc.burningd.beingburnedIt"sveryniceyoutohelpme.a.forb.inc.liked.ofMygrandfatherhasdecidedtomakemegobacktocollegeimmediately,studymylessonscarefully,and.a.attainmymaster'sdegreeb.amaster'sdegreemustbeattainedc.mustattainmymaster'sdegreed.tomymaster'sdegreeIhavetoattainThehabitofregularhoursisofextremeimportancetosuccessfullearning.a.keepb.keepingc.tokeepd.keptbringsustogetheriswehavecommoninterestwhichtranscendthosedifferences.a.That,thatb.That,whatc.What,whatd.What,thatnthisway,thesituationdoesn^tseemsodisappointing.a.Lookedatb.Tolookatc.Lookingatd.TobelookedatdecidedtogototheconcertassoonasIa.finishwhatIdidb.finishedwhatIwasdoingc.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoingd.finishedwhatIdidIII.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare5passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Questions41to44arebasedonthefollowingpassage:WashingtonD.C.wasthefirstcityinhistorytobecreatedsolelyforthepurposeofgovernance.FollowingtheRevolution,membersofCongresshadhotlydebatedthequestionofapermanenthomeforthemselvesandfordepartments,suchastheTreasury,thePatentOffice,andsoon,whicheventhesketchiestofcentralgovernmentwouldfeelobligedtoestablish.In1790,largelyinordertoputanendtocongressionalbickering,GeorgeWashingtonwaschargedwithselectingasiteforthenewlydesignatedfederaldistrict.Notmuchtoanyone^ssurprisebuttothedisappointmentofmany,hechoseatractoflandonthebanksofthePotomacRiver,afewmilesupstreamfromhisbelovedplantation,MountVernon.TheDistrictofColumbiawastakeninpartfromVirginiaandinpartfromMaryland.Atthetimeitwaslaidout,itshundredsquaremilesconsistedofgentlyrollinghills,someundercultivationandtherestheavilywooded,withanumberofcreeksandmuchswampylandalongthePotomac.ThereisnowasectionofWashingtonthatiscommonlyreferredtoasFoggyBottom;thatsectionborethesamenicknameahundredandeightyyearsago.Twoportcities,AlexandriaandGeorgetown,flourishedwithinsightofthenewcapitalandgaveitaccessbyshiptothemostimportantcitiesoftheinfantnation-Harleston,Baltimore,Philadelphia,NewYork,Newport,Salem,andPortsmouth-andalsotothefar-offportsofEnglandandtheContinent.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?a.TheroleofGeorgeWashingtonintheAmericanRevolutionb.ThefirstyearsoftheUnitedStatesCongressc.Thegoverningofthefederaldistrictd.ThefoundingofWashington,D.C.In1790alargepartofthefederaldistrictwas..a.seashoreb.villagesquaresc.wildernessd.aflourishingportItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheitem“FoggyBottom"inthesecondparagraphreferstoasectionofWashington,D£jhat.hasthelowestpopulationinthedistrictusedtobethesiteofthenationalweatherstationc.usedtobemostlyswamplandd.liesatthebottomofMountVernonWhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutthefederaldistrictissupportedbythepassage?GeorgeWashington'schoicepleasedalmosteveryone.MountVernonwasnotchosenbecauseitwastooclosetotheriver.Congresswasunabletoagreeonalocation.Congressdidnotbelievethatahomeforthefederalgovernmentwasnecessary.Questions45to48arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thereareseveralwaysoflisteningthatnetusnothingbuttrouble,accordingtoDr.RalphNicholsoftheUniversityofMinnesota.Ifwerecognizeandtrytoconquerthem,wecanstepupourlisteningabilitybyabouttwenty-fivepercentandtherebygreatlyincreaseourchancesforsuccessinourdailylives.Unlessyouareveryunusualindeed,saysDr.Nichols,youmustpleadguiltytoseveralofthefollowingbadlisteninghabits:DaydreamListening:Youcanthinkaboutfourtimesasfastastheaveragepersonspeaks.Soyouhavequiteabitofsparethinkingtimewhilewaitingforthewordstocomein.Unconsciously,youusethistime,ifyouareapoorlistener,toletyourthoughtsdriftelsewhere.Forinstance,yourteacherisgivingyousomebackgroundmaterialonAmericanhistory.Yourmindiswithhimatfirst.Thenotherthoughtsdriftintothatsparethinkingspace.Withoutwarning,theyhavetakenoveryourmindentirely..Imustn^tforgettogodowntownafterschoolforMother.Ifonlymybikewasfixed!MaybeIcangetJoetocomeoverSaturdayandhelpme..Yourthoughtsdrifton.Suddenly,withajolt,youhearthesewords:"Nowwe'llhavealittletestonwhatIhavebeenexplaining."Ouch!Sowhattodotokeepdaydreamsfromfilteringin?Onewayistoputthatextrathinkingtimetowork-onthesubject.Sumupwhatthespeakerissaying;lookformajorpoints.Pretendyouaregoingtohavetorepeathisideas.Puthiswordsintoyourwords.ItisrTteasy.Ittakeseffortandtimetolearn.Buttheresultsaresuretosurpriseandpleaseyou."Thaf9s-What-You-Think"Listening:Youhaveyourownpetideasoncertainsubjects.YoudorTtliketohearanythingwhichmightmakeyouquestionthem.Sowhenanyonebeginsarguingontheotherside,yousimplystoplistening.Insteadyouplanwhatyouaregoingtoanswer.Anyonewhorefusestoooftentolistentotheothersideofaquestionrisksbecomingnarrow-minded-anexasperatingandunattractivetraitintheotherfellow.Isitanymorebecomingtoyou?Nothanks,yousay,anddecidetoheartheotherfellowout.Maybeheisright.Maybeyouare.Butyoucangivehimabetterargumentonyourviewpointifyouhearwhathesays.Half-An-EarListening:Oftenothersoundscompeteforyourattention—andwin.Yourfathergivesyoualistoferrands.Buthisvoicemustcompetewith,say,yourfavoritesongontheradio.Later,youfindthathalfanearwasrTtenough.Youdidn^tlistentoyourfather'swordscloselyenoughtohearandrememberthem.Youhavetotelephonehomeforarepeatperformance.Andyoucan"treallyblameyourfatherforbeingirritated.Bettertoturnofftheradio,shutthedooroncompetingnoises,ifpossible.Ifnot,guardagainstyourtendencytolistentodistractingsounds.Sotherearetheforces-somewithinourselves,someoutside-thatworkagainstusinoureffortstolisten.Butoncewelearnwhattheyareandhowtofightthem,wearewellonourwaytogettingridofwastefullisteninghabits.FromthispiecewelearnthatthereisadifferencebetweenheatingandlisteninglisteningrequireslittleskilldeafnessismuchmorecommonthanmostpeoplesupposeitiseasiertolistenalonethaninagroupPoorlisteningcanbeattributedto.a.faultswithinourselvesbadhabitsdistractingoutsideinfluencesd.alloftheaboveBecausethoughtisfasterthanspeech.a.weknowwhatthespeakerwillsayb.wehavetimetoformulateargumentsc.weshouldavoidlettingourmindswanderaimlesslyaheadd.itisbesttohaveaspeakerwhotalksveryfast48.Listeningisoftendifficultwhen.thespeakerarguesagainstyourpetideasthespeakersvoiceispooryoudonotwatchthespeakertheroomispoorlyventilatedQuestions49to52arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Antarcticaisaverylargeareaoftheearth^ssurface,but-untilrecentyears一wastheleaststudied.Moreknowledgeofitisimportantforallmankind.Antarcticaseemsavastbasinofrock,filledandoverflowingwithaloadofice.Inallthisbarrennessandcold,whatisthereofvalue?First,Antarcticaisboundtohavemineralresourcescomparabletothoseofothergreatcontinents.Coal-muchofitofpoorquality-hasbeenfoundatmanypointsalongthe2,000milemountainsystemknownastheGreatAntarcticaHorst.Awriterhasfoundasmalldepositofmanganeseoreandrockspecimensfleckedwithuraniumorstainedgreenbycopper.Thesefindsareimportantonlyasindicationsthatfurtherexplorationwouldbeworthwhile,andsuchasystematicefforthasbegununderSCAR(theSpecialCommitteeonAntarcticResearch).ThisgroupisanoutgrowthoftheInternationalGeophysicalYear(I.G.Y.);butitsprogramhasbroadenedfromgeophysicstoincludemappingandbiology.Thereareotherpossibleeconomicvalues.SeveralintercontinentalairrouteslieacrossportionsofAntarctica.StrangeantibioticshavebeenfoundinthedriftingplantsoftheAntarcticseas;theRussiansarereportedtobecarryinginliveherringtobedumpedoverboardinanattemptatsea"farming/6ButfortheimmediatefuturethegreatvalueofAntarcticamaylieinotherlinesofresearch-fromthecommoncoldtoproblemsofouterspace.TheformerisunderscrutinyatabiologicallaboratoryatMcMurdoSound,wherecluestocertainvirusesarebeingsoughtinthestudyofepidemicsamongtheutterlyisolatedmembersofscientificparties.Astospaceresearch,thereisnoplaceonearthbettersuitedthantheSouthPoleforcertainkindsofobservation.Hereisafirmlyfixedpoint,incontrasttothedriftingfloesthatcovertheNorthPole;fromitalldirectionsarenorth,andduringthesixmonthsofdarknessthestarscirclearoundapointdirectlyoverhead.TheUnitedStatesestablishedanobservatorytherein1957fortheI.G.Y.andhasmaintainediteversince.Nowitisanidealspacetrackingstation.Anyvehicleonamissioninthesouthernhalfoftheheavensremainscontinuously"visible“toanantennaatthepole.Suchastationisalsoabletoplayauniqueroleininterrogatingearthsatellitesinorbitoverbothpoles.Suchsatellites-maintainingtheirsteadysweepsastheearthrevolvesbeneaththem-coverallpartsoftheglobeandhenceareidealforweatherobservation,communicationsandothertasks.TheSouthPolewouldbethecheckpointoneachcircuit,snatchingthedatafromspace,processingthemincomputerswithinsecondsandrelayingthemtotherestoftheworld.Onallthesecounts,thescientistsjustifytheirvoyagestoAntarcticaandthevastsumsneeded.Butessentiallytheirargumentisasimpleone.Thegreatcontinenttothesouthisstilllargelyunknown.Inthequestforfundamentalknowledge,whichistheheartandsoulsoallscience,itcannotbeignored.AlaboratoryatMcMurdoSoundismakingastudyofa.thecommoncoldplantlifeintheAntarcticman"sadaptabilitytoextremecoldsealifeAntarctic'smineralresourcesarebestdescribedasoflowqualityuncertainbutpotentiallyimportantvitaltoworldenergyneedsnon-existentAsaspotradarantennaemightbeeffective,Ahecold,clearair,metalwouldnotrustc.ascanningstationattheSouthPolecouldcoverthewholesouthernhemisphered.thecold,clearairwouldhelpradarseeclearlyToascientistthemainreasonforexploringtheAntarcticis.thefactthatweknowlittleaboutitthefactthatithasmanyunusualfeaturesthebenefitstomankindtheopportunitytostudytheweatherQuestions53to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage:RyersonMachineToolGuaranteeThisguaranteecoversallRyersonindustrialtools.DatesofCoverage:AllRyersonindustrialtoolsareguaranteedfor5yearsfromthedateofreceiptatthecustomer'sfactoryorindustrialfacility.TypeofCoverage:Thisguaranteecoversallmajortoolfailuresclearlyattributabletotooldesignorconstruction,andnotordinarywearandtear.Thiscoveragealsodoesnotordinarilyencounteredinindustrialprocesses.CoverageCancellation:Thisguaranteeplanwillbecanceledinthecaseoffraudormisrepresentationbythecustomer.Thenotificationofcancellationwillbesenttothecustomer'se-mailprovidedatthetimeofpurchase.CoverageAlteration:Thiscoveragemaybealteredinthefutureasnewproductlinesareintroduced,orupgradesareintroducedtoexistingproductlines.Noticeofanyalterationwillbesubmittedtoallcustomersbye-mail.CoverageadjustmentNotice:RyersonMachineToolGuaranteeThissupplementarynoticeisforallcustomerswhohavepurchasedRyersonmachinetoolswithinthelasttwoyears.Adjustment:Recently,ourfirmhasdecidedtoendsalesoftheCV210precisioncuttingtoolinuseinmanyofourcustomer'sfactories.Guaranteesforthesetoolswillend90daysfromthedateofthisnotice.Discounts:CustomersdesiringtoupgradetoournewCV211precisiontoolasareplacementfortheCV210areeligiblefor15%discountsforaperiodof90daysfromthedateofthisnotice.CustomersContinuingwithCV210:CustomerscanelecttoremainwiththeCV210,butwillhavetooperatethetoolwithoutcoveragefromRyerson.Forwhomisbothinformationandnoticeintended?PotentialcustomersSuppliersofindustrialtoolsManufacturesofelectroniccomponentsd.PurchasersofindustrialdevicesWhichkindofcoverageisNOTprovided?Useofthemachinetoolsinconjunctionwithcompetitorproducts.Failureduetodesignspecificationsofthemanufacture,c.Useofthetoolsinextraordinaryproductionenvironments.Failuretonotifythemanufactureofaflawwithin90days.Whatisoneofthereasonsforissuingthesupplementarynotice?a.Ryersonisofferingnewerversionsofanexistingmodel,b.Newcustomersmayadvanceorderanewproductonline.RyersonhasdecidedtoendsalesoftheCV211precisioncuttingtool.Allcustomerswillreceive15%discountsforacertainperiod.56.WhatwillhappentousersoftheCV210inthefuture?TheymaynothaveaccesstoRyersontechnicalandindustrialinformation.Theywillnotbeabletousethetoolbecauseofitsfrequentfailures,c.Theymaynotreceiveinformationaboutfurtherupgrades.d.Theymaycontinuetohaveitservicedforpayments.Questions57to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Idon^tknowhowIbecameawriter,butIthinkitwasofacertainforceinmethatlhadtowrite.Andthatforcefinallyburstthroughandfoundachannel.Mypeoplewereoftheworkingclass.Myfather,astone-cutter,wasamanwithagreatrespectforliterature.Hehadatremendousmemory,andhelovedpoetry.Thepoetrythathelovedbestwasnaturallyoftherhetoricalkind.Neverthelessitwasgoodpoetry-Hamlettssoliloquy,Macbeth,MarkAntonyms"FuneralOration",Grey^s“Elegy",andalltherestofit.Ihearditallasachild;Imemorizedandlearneditall.Hesentmetothestateuniversity.Thedesiretowrite,whichhadbeenstrongduringallmydaysinhighschool,grewstrongerstill.Iwaseditorofthecollegepaper,thecollegemagazine,e