2021现代英语推荐资料

现代(xiàndài)英语第一页，共36页。1:倍数(bèishù)表达Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.Therearetwiceasmanyunemployed.TherateofinfantmortalityamongNegroesisdoublethatofwhitestherearetwiceasmanyNegroesdyinginVietnamaswhitesinproportiontotheirsizeinthepopulation.OnetwentiethasmanyNegroesaswhitesattendcollege.(parag.2)第二页，共36页。4semioticsSemiotics:ageneralphilosophicaltheoryofsignsandsymbolsthatdealsespeciallywiththeirfunctioninbothartificiallyconstructedandnaturallanguagesandcomprisessyntactics,semantics,andpragmatics第三页，共36页。4:semioticsSemantics:Thestudyorscienceofmeaninginlanguageforms语义学Syntactics:Thestudyoftheruleswherebywordsorotherelementsofsentencestructurearecombinedtoformgrammaticalsentences句法(jùfǎ)Pragmatics:Thestudyoflanguageasitisusedinasocialcontextandaffectstheinterlocutorsandtheirbehavior语用学第四页，共36页。4:Roget'sThesaurusthesaurus:Abookofsynonyms,oftenincludingrelatedandcontrastingwordsandantonyms同类(tónglèi)词汇编第五页，共36页。4:whiteandblackWhitelieisasetphrase,meaningalieconcerningatrivialmatter,oftenonetoldtosparesomeone'sfeelings.BlacklieiscoinedbythespeakerplayingontheearliermentioneddefinitionofblackbyRnget'sThesaurus.blacksheep:afamilymembershunnedbecauseofdisreputablebehavior败家子第六页，共36页。4:antonymsDespise(lookdownupon)Adore(honorhighly)Superiorityinferiority第七页，共36页。6:confrontationtheforcesofpowerdemandingchangeItindicatesblackpeople’sfightingtheforcesofpowerdedicatedtothepreservingofthestatusquoItindicatesthewhitesupremacists’containingblackpeople’sfighting第八页，共36页。7haveproblemswithpowerLoveOntheonehand,wearepreachersofGod’steachings,ofloveandpeace;wehavemoralbeliefsandconcernsPowerOnetheotherhand,thecommonconceptofpowerisforce,physicalforce.Thesetwothingshavebeencontrastedaspolaropposites.Thatiswhypreachershaveproblemswithpower第九页，共36页。7:PolaroppositesSomeofourphilosophers’misinterpretation(offbase:mistaken)Love:ResignationorgivingUpofpowerPower:Denialoflove第十页，共36页。8MisinterpretationofpowerandloveButthetruthis:powerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(antithesis)Nietzsche’swilltopower,RejectionofloveTheologian’slove,rejectionofthewilltopower第十一页，共36页。8:properunderstanding:integration/compatibilityPoweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Translate?第十二页，共36页。8权力(quánlì)实施正义之要求，其至善在于为了仁爱；正义荡除仁爱之阻力，其至善在于拥有权力(quánlì)。devoidof:without第十三页，共36页。9:Chiasmus[kai'æzməs]交错配列Adevicethatconsistsoftwobalancedstatements,thesecondofwhichreversestheorderofthewordsinthefirst,withorwithoutarepetitionofwordsE.g.Collisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmorality邪恶的权力与无力的道义之冲突(chōngtū)Welivetoeat,noteattolive.Hewasanangelonthesurface,butatheartaknave(流氓).第十四页，共36页。12事实上，人们改善人类生存条件，传播知识(zhīshi)、增强实力、丰富文学以及升华思想，所有这些事情并不是为了谋生。受制于活计、工头或动物本能的奴隶是不会做这些事情的。只有人，找到了某种工作的人，工作带来了生存的安全，工作使他的生活不再匮乏，这样的人才会从事有利于人类福祉的事业！第十五页，共36页。13这样的工作可以大规模的增加。与其先解决住房和教育问题再来消灭贫困，还不如先废除贫困。人们会发现(fāxiàn)，有了钱，住房和教育自然会得到改善。第十六页，共36页。17suchas引导(yǐndǎo)从句：suchas(+S)+VWehadhopedtogiveyouachancesuchasnobodyelseeverhad.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletofurnishinformationsuchasisnotfurnishedby99%ofthenewspapersintheUnitedStates.第十七页，共36页。18paralleledparadoxes:Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon'tsolve,answersthatdon'tanswerandexplanationsthatdon'texplain.第十八页，共36页。19ParallelismIamconcernedaboutabetterworld.I'mconcernedaboutjustice.I'mconcernedaboutbrotherhood.I'mconcernedabouttruth.Andwhenoneisconcernedaboutthese,hecanneveradvocateviolence.第十九页，共36页。ItindicatesthewhiteItindicatesthewhiteWelivetoeat,noteattolive.(dressesmadeofsilkandsatin)Ontheonehand,weareAdevicethatconsistsoftwobalancedstatements,thesecondofwhichreversestheorderofthewordsinthefirst,withorwithoutarepetitionofwords引导(yǐndǎo)从句：suchas(+S)+V4:Roget'sThesaurus第二十一页，共36页。第二十五页，共36页。AndIhaveseentoomuchhate.Andwhenoneisconcernedaboutthese,hecanneveradvocateviolence.Cottonsuitsyou.I'veseenhateonthefacesoftoomanyKlansmenandtoomanyWhiteCitizensCouncilorsintheSouthtowanttohatemyself,…paralleledparadoxes:Thekettleisboiling.19AntithesisForthroughviolenceyoumaymurderamurdererbutyoucan'tmurdermurder.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderaliarbutyoucan'testablishtruth.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderahater,butyoucan'tmurderhate.Darknesscannotputoutdarkness.Onlylightcandothat.第二十页，共36页。20ParallelismandclimaxAndIhaveseentoomuchhate.I'veseentoomuchhateonthefacesofsheriffsintheSouth.I'veseenhateonthefacesoftoomanyKlansmenandtoomanyWhiteCitizensCouncilorsintheSouthtowanttohatemyself,…第二十一页，共36页。Rhetoricaldevicesin25

(1)Parallelstructure:11sentencesbeginningwith"letusbedissatisfieduntil"andtwoshortsentencesof"letusbedissatisfied“(2)Antithesis:a)outercityofwealthandcomfortvs.innercityofpovertyanddespairb)darkyesterdaysvs.brighttomorrows;C)onthebasisofthecontentoftheircharactervsonthebasisofthecoloroftheirskin第二十二页，共36页。Rhetoricaldevicesin25(3)MetaphorsandSimiles:thebatteringramsoftheforcesofjustice;thejunkheapsofhistory;justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream

第二十三页，共36页。Rhetoricaldevicesin25(4)biblicalallusion:whenthelionandthelambshallliedowntogethereverymanwillsitunderhisownvineandfigtreeandnoneshallbeafraid(5)Anaphora([ə'næfərə]首语重复法):therhetoricaldeviceofrepeatingawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesorsentences第二十四页，共36页。Rhetoricaldevicesin25（6）Transferredepithet:Tragicwalls（7）synecdoche：

Letusbedissatisfieduntilfromeverycityhall,justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream.(municipalgovernment)(8)alliteration:"Andthelionandthelambshallliedowntogether第二十五页，共36页。Synecdoche(提喻法)ThesubstitutionofthepartforthewholeOrthewholeforthepartNameofmaterialforthethingmadeThecontainerforthethingcontainedorviceversaThethingwornthewearerE.g.:第二十六页，共36页。Synecdoche(提喻法)Theyareshortofhandsatharvesttime.Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.Thereisbreadandworkforall.Thenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.第二十七页，共36页。Synecdoche(提喻法)Hewalkedtheboardsforaliving.(thestage)Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.(dressesmadeofsilkandsatin)Cottonsuitsyou.(garmentsmadeofcotton)Thekettleisboiling.(waterinthekettle)第二十八页，共36页。Synecdoche(提喻法)Iarrivedattheschooljustthreefeettallandfatlywrappedinmyscarves.Theplaygroundroaredlikearodeo(竞技(jìngjì)会),…Oldboots,raggedstockings,torntrousersandskirts,wentskatingandskiddingaround.第二十九页，共36页。25:ahighbloodpressureofcreedsandananemiaofdeeds

Creed:astatementofbelief,principles,oropinionsonanysubject信条Translatethewholesentence?让我们心怀不满，一直到美国的顽症——信条上是高血压、行动(xíngdòng)上是贫血症——康复的那一天第三十页，共36页。25:"whitepower”and"blackpower"Whitepowerreferstotheviewofwhitesupremacists.Thesepeoplethinkthewhitesaresuperiorraciallyandtheyshouldcontrolpowerandrunthecountry.TheyopposedesegregationandtheCivilRightsmovement.Blac