叠合墙在高层建筑中的应用

2016-11-21·Beijing叠合墙在高层建筑中的应用High-RiseBuildingsWithDoubleWalls（欧洲Hybrid建筑技术）(European

Hybrid

Construction

Technology)Karsten

Körkemeyer

教授

博士工程师Prof.

Dr.-Ing.

Karsten

Körkemeyer德国凯泽斯劳滕工业大学/GERICONTechnical

UniversityofKaiserlautern,Germany/GERICON预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.目录Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution

Examples预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution

Examples预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.简介Company

fact

sheets我们为建筑工业化提供一体化的创新解决方案We

developintegrated

andinnovativesolutionsfor

industrializedconstruction.预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.简介Company

fact

sheetsGERICONisaninternationalactingbusinesscooperationofPrilhofer公司，遍布世界各地的预制混凝土构件工厂的咨询和设计服务。提供从决策性研究到预制工厂的规划设计和生产工厂的建设服务。PRILHOFERConsulting

dealswithconsultingand

design

servicesfor

precast

concrete

component

factories

allover

theworld.Thecompanyoffers

allservicesfromthefirstideaupto

planningandbuildingaproductionplant.RHA公司，专业领域是：城市设计，建筑设计和流程管理。制定简明的城市规划和建筑规划，满足城市区域及建筑标准的要求。Themainfocusofrhaarchitectsisonurbandesign,architectureandprocessmanagement.Awidespectrumoftopicsisprocessedto

dothis.Developingconciseurbanplanningandarchitecturalguidelinesaswellasexperimentingwithspatialandsyntacticrelationsapplyto

allprojects.在建筑结构设计、构件物流及装配方面的丰富经验。根据建筑结构工程设计和当地现状基本要求，预测在施工过程中可能出现的问题，并在规划设计过程中预防和解决。An

essential

requirement

concerning

theengineering

design

of

building

con-structions

isto

anticipate

and

preventdifficultiesduring

thecompletion

of

theconstruction

work,

and

to

anticipate

and

solvepossibleproblemsprior

to

theproject

realization.

ZPPhasbeen

doing

that

witha

multidisciplinaryapproach

to

their

engineering

ideasandtheirprocessing–inallareasofbuilding.预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.简介Company

fact

sheetsGERICON是国际业务合作伙伴GERICONisaninternationalactingbusinesscooperationofü

超过40年的经验积累Morethan40years

ofprofessionalexperienceü

400多名专业技术人员的支持(工程师，建筑师，设计师和技术制图员)Directaccessto

nearly400employees(engineers,architects,designerandtechnicaldraftsman)ü

专业的独立性研究Absolutelyindependentü

世界各地的项目经验Projectsallover

theworld预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.服务Servicesü

全球范围内的工业化建造的建筑物规划设计，包括建筑和城市规划；以及建筑体系、预制件工厂的设计和咨询。Worldwidedistributionof

integrated

designandconsultingservicesfor

industrializedconstructedbuildingsincludingarchitectureandurbanplanningaswellasthedesignofbuildingsystem

andprecastplantü

在考虑当地的资源量身定制的解决方案和当时的气候和地理条件发展。Developmentoftailor-madesolutionsunderconsiderationoflocalresourcesandtheprevailingclimaticand

geophysicalconditions预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.服务Servicesü

可行性研究分析Feasibilitystudiesü

基本和详细设计（包括：建筑，建筑系统、预制厂）Basicanddetaileddesign(architecture,buildingsystem,

precastplant)ü

创新连接技术方案的设计Designofinnovativeelement-connectionsü

输送物流概念的设计Transport

andlogisticconceptsü

成本和施工周期的计算Calculationofcostsandconstructiontimeü

工厂建设招标文件的编制/参与评标授予合同Preparationoftenderdocumentsfor

plantconstruction/participationinawardingthecontractsü

生产和施工人员的培训Staff

trainingandsupervisionofproductionandconstruction预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.服务Services一体化的设计是建筑工业化全面技术系统和经济效益必要的保证，使建筑、建筑体系和生产机械的需求实现最佳匹配。To

utilizethefulltechnicalandeconomicalbenefitsoftheindustrializedconstruction,anintegrateddesignisnecessary,wherethedemandsofarchitecture,buildingsystem

andmachinetechnologyareoptimallymatchedto

oneanother.预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.目录Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution

Examples预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.欧洲Hybrid建造技术特点CharacteristicsoftheEuropean

HybridConstructionTechnology核心特点Decisivecharacteristics•

半预制构件在施工现场用混凝土现浇连接Semi-precastelementsarecomplementedonconstructionsitewithin-situconcrete•

结构所需的钢筋和连接钢筋一部分在工厂加入一部在施工现场安装Requiredstructuralreinforcementandconnectingreinforcementpartlyincorporatedinplantandpartlyonconstructionsite•

施工现场无需模板Noformworkneededonconstructionsite•

桁架钢筋和粗糙的表面保证了预制混凝土和现浇混凝土部分的之间的结合Latticegirderscombinedwitharoughsurfaceensurecompoundbetweenprecast

concreteandin-situconcrete预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.欧洲Hybrid建造技术特点CharacteristicsoftheEuropean

HybridConstructionTechnology半预制楼板的特点Characteristicsofsemiprecastslabs•

混凝土预制层厚度5-7cmThicknessofprecast

deepconcreteplank5–7cm•

预制部分和桁架钢筋的现浇部分的剪切力相互作用。Shearforce

interactionbetweenprecast

elementandin-situpartwithlatticegirders•

设计和规格可以自由选择（在制造围范内）Layout

anddimensionscanbechosenfreely(withinfabricationlimitations)•

跨越一个或两上方向Slabsspanninginoneortwodirections预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.欧洲Hybrid建造技术特点CharacteristicsoftheEuropean

HybridConstructionTechnology叠合墙的特点Characteristicsofdoublewalls•

由两块5-7cm的预制板组成Two

precast

shellelementswiththicknessof~5cm–7cm•

内外叶预制板通过桁架钢筋连接双层墙结构Shellelementsare

connectedbylatticegirdersto

doubleshellconstruction•

中间空间通过现浇混凝土连接（也许使用连续的加强钢筋）Hollowspaceisfilledwithin-situconcrete(possiblywithcontinuousreinforcement)•

连接钢筋可以水平放置（弱连接控制）Connectionreinforcement

canbeplacedinhorizontaljoint(for

weakjointrestraint)预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts可能的连接方式Possibleelementconnections•

连接：半预制构件——半预制构件Connection:Semi-precast

element–Semi-precast

element•

连接：半预制构件——实心构件Connection:Semi-precast

element–Solidprecast

element•

连接：半预制构件——现浇混凝土Connection:Semi-precast

element–In-situconcrete预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts可能的连接方式Possible

elementconnections•

连接：半预制构件——半预制构件Connection:Semi-precastelement–Semi-precastelement预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts可能的连接方式Possible

elementconnections•

连接：半预制构件——实心构件Connection:Semi-precastelement–Solidprecast

element预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts可能的连接方式Possible

elementconnections•

连接：半预制构件——现浇混凝土Connection:Semi-precastelement–In-situconcrete预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts楼板构件接头的载荷传递Loadtransmissioninjointsoffloorelements•

单个的楼板构件必须通过相互连接形成一个有效结构的整体Singlefloorelementshave

to

beinterconnectedto

becomestructurallyeffective

diaphragms•

连接承得墙和柱Connectionto

loadbearingwallsandcolumns•

对于半预制构件这种连接方式在现浇混凝土层实现了静态支撑semi-precastelementsthisconnectiontakes

placewithinthestaticallysupportingin-situconcrete

layerFoin-situconcreteupperreinforcementlatticegirderprecastconcreteplank预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts楼板构件接头的载荷传递Loadtransmissioninjointsoffloorelements两种不同类型应力的传递different

typesofstresseshave

to

betransmitted:Two•

主要承载方向（剪切力垂直于楼板）Mainloadbearingdirection

(shearforces

verticalto

slabplane)•

水平作用（作用于楼板的拉力和压力）Diaphragmaction

(tensionandcompressionforces

inslabplane)•

在现浇混凝土层静态支撑下力的转移Forces

are

transferred

by

staticallysupportingin-situconcretelayer预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接ConnectionsofPrecast

Concrete

andIn-SituConcrete

Parts楼板构件接头的载荷传递Loadtransmissioninjointsoffloorelements实现构件间的载荷传递Loadtransmissionbetweenelementsisrealized

by:•

连接钢筋Connectionreinforcement•

复合整体Monolithiccomposite•

摩擦力模向连接Frictioninhorizontal

joints预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.欧洲Hybrid建造技术：优点和不足European

HybridConstructionTechnology:

BenefitsandDisadvantages优点Benefits•

制成品，光滑的顶面和墙表面smoothsoffitandwallsurface•

运输和安装载荷低transportandmountingloadFinishedLow•

双轴向载荷传递的可能loadtransmissionpossible•

良好的整体硬化效果不需要圈梁stiffeningeffect

asdiaphragm,noringbeamnecessaryBiaxiaGoo•

不需要昂贵且耗时的模板工作Expensiveandtime-consumingshutteringworksnotrequired•

节省建设时间和脚手架inconstructiontimeandscaffoldingSavings•

非常灵活的应用可能性flexibleapplicationpossibilitiesVery预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.欧洲Hybrid建造技术：优点和不足European

HybridConstructionTechnology:

BenefitsandDisadvantages不足Disadvantages•

现场施工需要额外的支撑工程reinforcement

worksrequiredonconstructionsiteAdditional•

现浇混凝土用量大，因此与全预制构件相比施工进度较慢Highamountofin-situconcrete,

therefore

constructionprogressisslowercomparedto

pure

precast

constructions•

混凝土浇铸所必须的支撑Auxiliarysupportfor

concrete

pouringnecessary•

现浇混凝土硬化后，构件才能达到载荷要求Elementsreachfullloadcapacityaftersufficienthardeningofin-situconcrete•

施工取决于天气条件（在冬季混凝土施工是不太可能的）Constructionisdependentonweatherconditions(concretepouringmightnotbepossibleinwinter)预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.目录Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution

Examples预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.半预制构件的标准和规范NormativeRegulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Parts欧洲标准规范NormativeregulationsinEurope:•

半预制构件的设计通常是根据现浇混凝土结构设计Semi-precastelementshabeengenerallydesignedinaccordancewithin-situconcreteconstructions•

适用设计规范EN1992ApplicabledesigncodeEN1992•

半预制构件的额外设计规范Additionaldesignprovisionsfor

semiprecast

slabsinEN13747:–

钢筋桁架的位置–

钢筋桁架的间距DistancebetweenlatticegirdersPositionoflatticegirders预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.半预制构件的标准和规范NormativeRegulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Parts欧洲标准规范NormativeregulationsinEurope:•

叠合剪力墙额外应用标准Additionalprovisionsfor

doublewallsinEN14992:-

小的连接必须考虑内部的杠杆臂Injointsthesmallerinnerlever

armhasto

betaken

into

account-

只有当水平接缝>30mm时才能考虑整个横截面Wholecrosssectioncanbetaken

into

accountonlyifhorizontaljoint>30mm-

否则只能考虑使用现浇混凝土Otherwiseonlyin-situconcretecanbetaken

into

accountprecastconcreteinsituconcrete预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.半预制构件的标准和规范NormativeRegulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Parts美国标准规范NormativeregulationsinAmerica:•

美国标准是针对现浇混凝土建造或是使用实心预制构件建造Americanstandards

treat

eitherin-situconcrete

constructionsorconstructionsmadeofprecast

elementswithsolidthickness•

对于半预制构件没有规范Nospecificregulationfor

semi-precast

elements•

采用湿连接的预制构件建造是等同现浇混凝土Precast

constructionswithwet

connectionsare

generally

treated

asin-situconcrete

constructions预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.半预制构件的标准和规范NormativeRegulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Parts日本标准规范NormativeregulationsinJapan:•

板根据AIJ标准半预制楼板的设计按钢筋混凝土现浇结构计算Semi-precastslabsaregenerallydesignedlike

in-situconcrete

slabsaccordingto

AIJStandardfor

StructuralCalculationofReinforced

ConcreteStructures•

在《预制混凝土连接模拟现浇混凝土结构设计指南》中的半预制板和预制墙之间连接的附加条款。Additionalprovisionsfor

connectionsbetweensemiprecast

slabsandprecast

wallsin“AIJ

Guidelinesfor

StructuralDesignofPrecast

ConcreteConnectionEmulatingCast-in-placeReinforced

Concrete”•

以预制构件设计手册中给出了每种不同类型的预制构件的所有相关设计规定。Allrelevant

designregulationsare

givenindesignmanualsfor

eachdifferent

typeofprecast

elementavailableinJapan•

双层墙没有具体规定Nospecificregulationsfor

doublewalls预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution

Examples预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions地震原理GeneralEarthquakeMechanism:•

地壳中的快速运动导致能量以地震波的形式释放。Thejerkymovementsintheearth’s

crustcauseenergyto

bereleasedintheform

ofseismicwaves•

结构的损坏是由从地面传递到结构的振动引起的Damageto

structuresiscausedbyvibrationstransferred

fromthegroundto

thestructure•

水平荷载冲击取决于：Horizontalloadimpactdependson:-

地下加速度的大小magnitudeofthegroundaccelerationsinthesubsoil-

建筑物自身的频率natural

frequenciesofconstruction-

建筑物的质量massofthebuilding.预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions设计指导原则Theguidingprinciplesgoverningthisconceptualdesignare:•

结构简单Structuralsimplicity•

一致性，对称和冗余度Uniformity,symmetryandredundancy•

双向阻力和刚度Bi-directionalresistanceandstiffness•

抗扭和刚度Torsional

resistanceandstiffness•

水平楼层隔板性能Diaphragmaticbehaviorat

storylevel•

坚固的基础AdequatefoundationCriteriaforregularityofbuildingswithsetbacks预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions结构连接对结构耗能能力影响的鉴别：Identificationoftheeffect

oftheconnectionsontheenergydissipationcapacityofthestructure:a)

位于外部关键区的连接方式Connectionlocatedoutsidecriticalregionsa)

过渡设计的塑性铰接外部连接Overdesignedconnectionwithplastichingesshiftedoutsidetheconnectiona)

关键区域内（例如在底层）的大型板的延性剪切连接，Ductileshearconnectionsoflargepanelslocatedwithincriticalregions(e.g.at

groundfloor)a)

框架关键区域内的延性连续性连接Ductilecontinuityconnectionslocatedwithincriticalregionsofframes预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions高地震带设计规则Constructionrulesfor

highseismicity:•

抗震结构需要结构的完整性和延性Earthquake

resisting

structuresrequire

structural

integrityandductility•

延性：优先选用延性连接，部分地震能量在整体塑性弯形消失。•

Ductility:Connectionsshouldpreferably

behave

inaductilemanner.

Part

ofseismicenergydissipatesthroughoutplasticdeformations•

结构完整性：规范建议对预制混凝土结构提供与整体结构相同程度的结构完整性Structuralintegrity:Codessuggestprovisionsfor

precast

concrete

structurestoachieve

sameextent

ofstructural

integrityasofmonolithicstructures预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions混凝土预制构件有利和不利的方面Favorable

andunfavorable

aspectsfor

PRECASTconcreteelements:(+)

与现场混凝土相比，预制混凝土结构的质量较低Lowermassesofprecast

concrete

structurescomparedto

in-situconcrete(-)

剪力墙系统牢固的稳定性承受更高的水平载荷Rigidstabilitysystems

withshearwallsleadto

higherhorizontalloads(-)

预制构件之间的低延性连接Low-ductilityconnectionsbetweentheprecast

concrete(-)

预制混凝土结构只有较少的有效的能量消散构件，必须假定地震时弹性状态Precast

concrete

structureshave

onlyfew

energy-dissipatingcomponentsavailable,elasticbehaviormustbeassumedduringearthquakes预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions半预制构件的连接ConnectionsofSEMIPRECASTelements:构件之间的连接总是采用湿连接Connectionsbetweenelementsare

always

wet

connections->这种连接方式在地震期间表现出优异的性能Thistypeofconnectionshowsexcellent

performanceduringearthquakes.•

湿连接的优势Positiveaspectsofwet

connections:-

接近于整体结构Tend

to

behavemonolithically-

提供连续性Providecontinuity-

更高的冗余度Higherredundancy-

浇铸保持系统结构的完整性Addto

thestructuralintegrityofthesystem.预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructions连接问题和解决方案Connectionproblemsandsolutions:•

钢筋桁架不总是有足够的连接长度用于传输大的水平地震载荷Latticegirdersdonotalways

allowsufficientbondinglengthfor

transferringlargehorizontalEarthquakeloads•

通过点状连接的两个预制板之间，允许安装任意长度的钢筋，加强钢筋可以进行垂直或水平安装。Apunctiformconnectionbetweenthetwo

prefabricatedplatesallowsany

lengthofreinforcement,reinforcementscanalsobeinstalledverticallyorhorizontallyà叠合墙可以视同为钢筋混凝土现浇墙体Doublewallscanbetreatedasreinforcedin-situconcretewalls预制梦想装配未来BuildonStrengths.DesigntheFuture.目录Table

ofcontentsü

GERICON–德国工业化联盟业务简介GERICON–AShortIntroductionoftheBusinessGroupü

欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点BasicPrinciplesandCharacteristicsoftheEuropeanHybridConstructionTechnologyü

半预制构件的标准和规范Normative

Regulationsfor

Semi-FinishedConcrete

Partsü

地震对混凝土结构的影响Earthquake

Effects

onHybridConcrete

Constructionsü

应用案例Execution