新高考英语一轮总复习提能练（二十五）必修5UNIT5FIRSTAID

高考提能练（二十五）必修5Unit5FirstaidI.阅读理解TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA

（2020.威海市高考模拟）

America^firsttranscontinentalrailroad，completed150yearsagotodayatPromontorySummitinUtah,connectedthevastUnitedStatesandbroughtAmericaintothemodernage.Chineseimmigrantscontributedgreatlytothisnotableachievement,butthehistoricalaccountsthatfollowedoftenignoredtheirrole.Between1863and1869,asmanyas20,OOOChineseworkershelpedbuildthedangerouswesternpartoftherailroad,awindingribbonoftrackknownastheCentralPacificRailroad.Atfirst，theCentralPacificRailroad'sdirectorswantedawhitesonlyworkforce.Whennotenoughwhitemensignedup，therailroadbeganhiringChinesemenforthebackbreakinglabor.Companyleaderswereskepticalofthenewrecruits^bilitytodothework,buttheyprovedthemselvesnotonlycapablebutevensuperiortotheotherworkers.Chineseworkerscutthroughdenseforests，filleddeepnarrowsteepsidedvalleys,constructedlongtrestles（高架桥）andbuiltenormousretainingwalls（挡土墙）一someofwhichremaincompleteandundamagedtoday.Allworkwasdonebyhandusingcarts,TOC\o"1-5"\h\zshovelsandpicksbutnomachinery.However,progresscameatgreatcost：anestimated1,200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRailroad.Despitethesefacts，Chineseworkerswereoftenleftoutoftheofficialstorybecauseoftheiridentityofforeigners.Onthetranscontinentalrailroad^1OOthbirthday,theChineseworkerswerestillnothonored.Itwasanotherfiftyyearslaterthattheirrolewasgraduallyhighlighted.Tocelebratetherailroad*s150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniastateassemblypassedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheChineserailroadworkersbydesignatingMay10,2017，andeveryMay1Othereafter，asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWorkersMemorialDay.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中国铁路工人所作的贡献。Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBirthoftheCentralPacificRailroadCostDearlyB-May10-ASpecialDayforChineselmmigrantsC.ChineseWorkers'ContributionsGainedRecognitionD.The150thAnniversaryoftheCentralPacificRailroadC［考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。］WhatdoestheyinParagraph2referto?A.Chineselaborers.B.Whiteworkers.C.Companyleaders.D.Railroaddirectors.A［考查代词指代。根据上文“Companyleaderswereskepticalofthenewrecruits'abilitytodothework"中的“newrecruits”以及上文中的“therailroadbeganhiringChinesemen”可知，they指代newrecruits,也就是中国劳工,故选A。］WhydoestheauthormakesuchdetaileddescriptionsinParagraph3?A・ToproveChineseworkers^uperiorskills.B.Tostressthedangeranddifficultyofthework.C・Todescribethegrandsceneryalongtherailroad.D.ToshownotableachievementsmadebyChineseworkers.B［考查推理判断。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的"anestimated1,200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRailroad”可知，这一系列详细描述是为了强调工作的危险和艰难。］.Whatdoesthetextintendtotellus?A・Nonesoblindasthosewhowon'tsee.B.Nopains,nogains.C-Truthwillcometolightsoonerorlater.D・Doingisbetterthansaying.C［考查推理判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于被认可。Nonesoblindasthosewhowon'tsee意为“最瞎莫如视而不见"；Nopains,nogains意为“一分耕耘，一分收获“；Truthwillcometolightsoonerorlater意为“真相早晚会大白于世”；Doingisbetterthansaying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章主旨一致。］B（2020•山东省临沂市一模）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWespendathirdofouradultlifeworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically,workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300，000-yearhumanevolution（进化），workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelse,likeculture,art,orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful一isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeworkerswhoretumedfromatypicalworkdayatfactoriescomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidn^earnmuchortheywerewornoutbutraretoseetheycomplaintheydidn^experienceasenseofpurpose.Similarly,theideathatweoughttobringour“wholeselftoworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentities,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother,husband,American,captainofthelocalsoccerteam，etc.Others,however,haveaveryclosepsychologicalconnectionwiththeirworkroles,seeingthemasanessentialthingintertwined（紧密相连的）withwhotheyare.Theydon,tjustcometowork.TheyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspirituaItypeofconnectionwiththeiijobs.Theyare,itseems，almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics（X^）mostcompanieslongfor.语篇解读人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。.Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlifeworkingduringtheprocessofevolution?A・Toprepareforfuturecareers.B-Tofindthewatersources.C・Tohelpusevolve.D・Tomakeussurvive.D［细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句"Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.”可知，人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存,故选D项。］.Whydidthewritermentiontheworkersacenturyago?A・Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork.B・Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C.Toshowusthebadolddays.D・Tocomplainabouttheexperiences.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句uTheideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern,invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。］WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A.Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingoftheirworkroles.Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C・Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D・Workers^oreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.A［推理判断题。根据第三段第三句"Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的，故选A项。］8.Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavor?A・Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B-Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroles.C・Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D・Thosewhopossessexperience.C［细节理解题。根据文章最后一句"Theyare,itseems,almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor.??,大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。］II.七选五（2020-福州市高中毕业班质检）Noonehasyetprovedaconnectionbetweennapping（小睡）andprofessionalsuccess,butaninterestingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweenthedaytimenapandgoodhealth.Dr.AndronikiNaskaandDr.DimitriosTrichopoulosfromHarvard^SchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23,OOOGreekpatientsforanaverageofsixyears.jThestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooka30minutenapatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwhodidnotsleepatallduringtheday.2Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired.However,anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterranean,wherenapsremaincommon,havecomeupwithconflictingresults,butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed（有缺陷的）.3Theymayhavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks,couldthemuch-celebratedMediterraneandietdeservescredit,ratherthanthenaps?^Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso,foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplantbaseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.5TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietareconfirmed,hesays,andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat.A・ThefirmanswerfromDr.TrichopouIosis"NoB,Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen.C.Theirconclusion:nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.Somestudieshaveshownthatdietisrelevanttonaps.Forexample,thesubjectsinsomehadsurvivedheartattacks.Thosewithheartattacksarealsolesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.Hisstudywascontrolledfordiet,smoking,exerciseandotherrelevantfactors.语篇解读一项有趣的研究表明，白天小憩和良好的健康之间有一定的关联。本文介绍了该研究的相关内容。C［本空是段尾句，承接上文表述的一项有趣的研究称发现了白天小憩与良好的健康之间有一定的关联。故C项与此处匹配。］B［根据空后一句"Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthos