冲刺2022年高考-语法填空专训-名、形、副-三管齐下-巧化词性转换(三)

优点英语冲刺2022年高考语法填空专训（三）名、形、副三管齐下巧化词性转换词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。如何判断是否考查词形转换解题攻略典例印证•第一步：确定是否考查词形转换：提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词性转换。•第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词：根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语，动词常转换为名词；如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。[典例][2021·全国卷乙]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe________(develop)ofthelocalareas.分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词性转换。第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后，应填名词。自主解答：________技法1明确提示词为动词的2种词性转换提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词性转换，讲动词转换为名词或形容词，根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析。典例导引1.[2021·潍坊市高考模拟]Theyusekitephotography,geophysicalsurveysandseismometers(地震仪)tomakelearning________(excite).2．[2021·陕西省模拟一]AntonioMorgansaysthatRobinsondrovepasthimfastandjustmomentslaterhehearda________(frighten)crash.3．[2021·福建省莆田市高三5月模拟]Chineseweddingsareasmuchaboutthehappycoupleastheyareabouttheirrespectivefamilies.Theweddingsare________(impress)affairsthatfocusonblessingsofhappiness.4．[2021·南昌市二模]Itwasconsideredsafeand________(use)eightmonthslater.5．[2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺]CometoZhangjiajietoenjoyits________(amaze)naturalsceneryandbreathtakingAvatarHallelujahMountainifyouareafanofAvatarmovie！6．[2021·银川市考前适应性训练一]“Thenewroboticarmscostnomorethan1，000yuan，”saidChenXiaoping,________(direct)oftheRoboticsLaboratoryatUSTC,addingthatthisgivesthemanadvantageformuchwiderapplication.7．[2021·湖南长郡中学二模]Chinesepeopleareproudoftheirfood.However,whenforeignerslikeBritonsthinkofChinesefood,their________(impress)ofitisdifferenttowhatyoumightthink.8．[2021·山东省泰安市模拟]IntheeyesoftheYipeople,fireisthesymboloflight,whichisbelievedtohavetheabilitytodriveawayinsectsandpestsandprotectthe________(grow)ofcrops.9．[2021·南昌二中、河南省实验中学5月联考]This________(achieve)marksthatChinahasreachedthefirstgreatbreakthroughonthepathtofull-scalequantumcomputing—aquantumcomputationaladvantage,alsoknownas“quantumsupremacy”．1.动词转换为形容词：①-able结尾的形容词accept→acceptable 可接受的adapt→adaptable 能适应的admire→admirable 可钦佩的adjust→adjustable 可调节的afford→affordable 负担的起的②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词confuse→confused 感到困惑的worry→worried 担心的excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的instruct→instructive 有教育意义的④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的doubt→doubtful 怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的thank→thankful 感激的2．动词转换为名词①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”celebrate→celebrationn．庆祝compete→competitionn．比赛pollute→pollutionn．污染educate→educationn．教育②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”achieve→achievementn．成就announce→announcementn．宣布argue→argumentn．争论，论据develop→developmentn．发展③v.＋-er/-or转换为名词，表示“人”perform→performern．表演者settle→settlern．移民者educate→educatorn．教育家direct→directorn．导演技法2提示词为名词的词形变化典例导引1.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.2．[2021·太原高三押宝题]Butthesolartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople'slivesthroughspecialfoods,cultural________(ceremony),gardeningandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.3．[2021·厦门外国语学校适应性考试]Aboutafew________(month)ago,aphotographerwenttotakepicturesinLitang,aremoteplaceinSichuanProvince,andheaccidentallyshotavideoofDingzhen.4．[2021·邯郸市三模]Wild________(animal)suchasblackbearsandsquirrelsliketostoretheirpinenutsindifferentplacesastheyprepareforthewinter.5.[2021·全国乙卷]Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.6．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.7．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Judgeswillchooseupto50________(honor)mentionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.8．[2021·安徽师大附中5月卷]Butarepeoplerighttobeworriedaboutthe________(environment)andhealtheffectsofreleasingsuchalargeamountofcontaminatedwater？9.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.10．[2021·渭南市质量检测]Thankstoagrowingnetworkofreservesandcommunityprotectionactions,pandasarenolonger________(danger),butthebiggesthopefortheirlong-termsurvivalistheGiantPandaNationalParkwhichwillbeopeninthecomingmonths.11.[2021·浙江卷1月]Itiscalculatedbydividinga________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmetressquared,andaBIMofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.12．[2021·赣州市高三年级摸底]Meanwhile,universitiesmanagedtomeetthe________(student)studyandleisureneeds.快捷思维1.名词的单复数：若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：①有数词或these,those,several,many,all,both,various,numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。②名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。2.名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀①n.＋-able→adj.honor→honorable②n.＋-al→adj.nature→natural③n.＋-ful→adj.colour→colourful④n.＋-en→adj.wood→wooden⑤n.＋-y→adj.wealth→wealthy3.名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀①加前缀en-：courage→encouragevt.鼓励danger→endangervt.危及；使遭到危险②加后缀-en:strength→strengthenvt.加强③加后缀-ize:apology→apologizev．道歉4.填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。【技法点金】牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s:book→books,mouth→mouths,house→houses,girl→girls。(2)以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es:glass→glasses,box→boxes,match→matches,brush→brushes。(3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es:city→cities,country→countries,party→parties,factory→factories。(4)以-o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,photo→photos；加-es的有：hero→heroes,Negro→Negroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes。(5)以-f，-fe结尾的名词①少数直接加-s:roof→roofs,belief→beliefs。②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要变f或fe为v再加-es:self→selves,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,half→halves。温馨提示：注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如child→children，man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet等。技法3提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换3种情况典例导引1.[2021·浙江卷1月]But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencesbetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed________(sharp).2．[2021·安庆市二模]Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovidea________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.3．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Historical________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5.[2021·云南省第一次统一检测]“OurtaskistoorganizetheOlympicGamesandnottocanceltheOlympicGames，”hesaid,addingthattheIOCisworkingdayandnighttohostasafeevent.Butit'sstill________(clear)howthiswillhappen,withcoronaviruscasesincreasingaroundtheworld.6.[2021·浙江卷1月]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including________(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.7．[2020·浙江1月]Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelargecomparedtoyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes________(old)thanbefore.8．[2021·贵州省适应性测试]Untilhepassedawayin1961,MeihadbeenencouragingthespreadofPekingOperaforalmost60years.Thislifelongdevotionhasmadehimoneofthe________(great)PekingOperaartistsofalltime.9．[2021·厦门市第三次质量检测]Themorestepspeoplewalked,the________(low)theirriskofdyingwas,beforelevelingoffataround7，500stepsperday.快捷思维1.形容词、副词的词性转换①分析句子结构，发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词。②若空格处作定语、表语则应考虑填形容词形式。③若空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑填副词形式。④若空格处在介词后，应考虑名词作宾语。2.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal,than等标志性词汇时用比较级。②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。③设空前有oneofthe，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比较级...the＋比较级...”表示“越……就越……”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。形容词变副词的特殊规则以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加-lyimmediate→immediatelybrave→bravelyentire→entirely一些以e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)ytrue→trulysimple→simplygentle→gentlypossible→possibly“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改-y为-i，再加-lyhappy→happilyeasy→easily以-ic结尾，加-allyeconomic→economicallybasic→basically技法4提示词为代词的词形转换典例导引1.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin________(I).2．[2021·蚌埠二中高三模拟]Xinhua'sarticlenotedthat“Amongthefour,high-speedrailandonlineshoppingaren'tfromChina,butwebringtheinventionstotheworld'stoplevelwithourintelligenceandinnovation,andmake________(they)China'scallingcard.”3[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ]Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether________(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.5．[2020·北京卷]Sherecognized________(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.根据所指对象或根据所作成分提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。①分析句子结构，发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。②分析句子结构，发现提示词作宾语时，应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,them等)形式。③分析句子结构，发现提示词作定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your;their;his,her;its等)④分析句子结构，发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)人称类别单数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe/she/it宾格meyouhim/her/it物主代词形容词性myyourhis/her/its名词性mineyourshis/hers/its反身代词myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself人称类别单数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iweyouthey宾格usyouthem物主代词形容词性ouryourhis/her/its名词性oursyourstheirs反身代词ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1．作主语：人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me,us,him,them,it等)、名词性物主代词(ours,mine,yours,its等)3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our,my,your,their等)4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。Test1[2021·兰州市高三诊断]AMirrorofChinesecultureWhatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofkungfu?Ifyourmind1.________(fill)withimagesofShaolinmonks,BruceLee,jaw-droppingstuntsorKungFuPanda,youwouldn'tbewrong.ButforLaurenceJ.Brahm,anAmericandocumentaryfilmmaker,thefirstthing2.________springstomindistheconceptofnon-violence.“Kungfu,inmyeyes,isamirrorofChineseculture，”Brahmsaid.“Thetraditional3.________(value)ofkungfu,actually,areinthemindsofallChinesepeople.”“Chinaadoptsapolicyofnotwanting4.________(have)conflictwithothercountries.WhydoesChinawanttobeinharmony5.________othernations?It'spartofthepsychologyoftheChinesepeople.It'salso6.________(nation)psychology.”Brahmalsobelievesthattoday'sworld7.________(urgent)needstorestartequalexchangesbetweencountrieswithoutstereotypes(成见),andthatcultureandsports,suchaskungfu,canserveas8.________greatchannelandplatform.“Inthesameway,sinceping-pongasaculturalandsportsexchange9.________(open)relationsforChinawiththeWestinthe1970s,kungfucanbecomethenewculturaldiplomacy(外交)ofourtime,10.________(bring)peopletogetherinmutualsharingofskillsandculture,andfurtheringrespectandunderstanding.”Test2[2021·烟台市学业水平诊断]TheNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsoftheUnitedStatesfoundasignificantriseinthenumberofsevereobesity(肥胖)casesinveryyoungchildrenaged2to5.Inaneffort1.________(end)unhealthyfoodhabitsandraiseawarenessaboutpropernutrition,RobertaFalah,anOhioentrepreneur(企业家),launchedhersnackbarcompanycalledCureinJune2016.2.________ideacametoherwhenshewasteachingatschool.“Iwouldwatchmystudentscomeintotheclassroom3.________(eat)chips,sugarsandbadcarbs.AnytimeIaskedthem4.________theyatesopoorly,averycommon5.________(respond)was‘Healthyfoodjustdoesn'ttastegood’，”Falahrecalls.Withsomecreativeideasinhermind,Falahstartedexperimentingonauniquerecipe6.________ingredients(原料)includeamixtureofnuts,seedsandhoney.Finally,shecreatedsomeorganichealthybars.Herbusiness7.________(take)offsoonandnowshemeetsfourtosixthousandordersamonth.Infact,Falahdoesn'tjustwanttochangepeople'shealthbutalsototacklehunger.“Wehaveamissionbehindthecompany:foreverybar8.________(sell),wewilldonateabartothehomeless.Weare9.________(actual)donatingapercentageofourprofitstowardsreducingworldhunger.We10.________(give)helptoover200000peopleintheUSandabroadinthepastfouryears，”FalahsaidinaTVinterview.Test3[2021·成都市高三第二次诊断]TheBookofSongs,alsoknownasShiJing,istheoldestexisting1.________(collect)ofChinesepoetry.Threeyearsago,whenChinesemusicianFangJinlongreadShiJing,hewasinterestedinthestoriestoldthroughthepoems.Becausehecouldn't2.________(full)understandtheancientChineselanguage3.________(use)inthepoems,heturnedtoexpertswhoseelaborationfurtherattractedhimtoexplorethepoems.ThenhedecidedtoportraythepoemswithmusicallanguagebyinvitingcomposerMaJiuyue4.________(create)analbum.TitledMusicandtheBookofSongs,thealbumwasreleasedonJan.18,5.________(feature)10originalsongscomposedbyMa.They6.________(perform)byFangandwongreatpopularity.The10songsarebasedon10poemsfromShiJing,includingQiongYao,whichconveysgratitudetopeoplewhoareeagertohelpothers;Swallows,which7.________(send)farewellmessagestofriendsandJiaYu,whichportraysthescenesofajoyfulbanquet.“YoungpeoplegavewarmfeedbackabouttraditionalChinesemusic8.________theyhadwatchedmyperformance.Itinspiredmetocreatemoreworksforthem,whichhelpspopularizetraditionalChinesemusic，”saysFang.“The10piecessound9.________(enjoy)andeasy.Forthelisteners,it'safreshwaytocomprehendpoemsfromShiJing，”saysMa.“Wespentthreeyearsworkingon10.________project.Therearesomanymeaningsinthepoemsandwewanttodisplaythemasdeepaspossiblewithmusic，”Masays.“It'sourmutualgoaltohavetraditionalChinesemusicreachawideraudience.”Test4[2021·泰安市高三二轮检测]WeliveinaruralareaoftheSanFranciscoBayArea.Mostofwhatweseeisbeautyandnature.Oneoftheexceptionstothebeautyisthelitterthatsomepeoplethrowoutoftheirwindowsasthey1.________(drive)ontheruralroads.Oneofthefewdrawbackstolivinginthewildisthatpublicservices,suchaslittercollection,arelessavailable2.________theyareclosertothecity.Ahelpingritual(习惯)thatIpractice3.________(regular)withmytwochildrenispickinguplitterinoursurroundingarea.We'vebecomesoaccustomedto4.________(do)thisthatmydaughterswilloftensaytome5.________sweetvoices,“There'ssomelitter,Daddy,stopthecar！”Andifwehavetime,wewilloftenpulloverandpickitup.Itmayseemstrange,butweactuallyenjoyit.Wepickuplitterin6.________(park),onsidewalks,practicallyanywhere.OnceIevensawacompletestrangerpickinguplittercloseto7.________welive.Hesmiledatmeand8.________(say),“Isawyoudoingit,anditseemedlikeagoodidea.”Pickinguplitterisonlyoneofanendlesssupplyofpossiblehelpingrituals.Youmightlikeholdingadooropenforpeopleor9.________(visit)lonelyelderlypeopleinnursinghomes.Thinkofsomethingthatseemseffortlessyet10.________(help).It'sfun,personallyrewarding,andsetsagoodexample.Everyonewins.Test5[2021·山东省实验中学一模]TheofficialSinaWeibo1.________(announce)onFeb.2ndthatChinesevloggerLiZiqisetanewGuinnessWorldRecordfor“mostsubscribersforaChineselanguagechannelonYouTube”bygoingfrom11.4millionsubscribersinJuly2.________14.1millionattheendofJanuary,2020.Thenews3.________(view)morethan400milliontimessofaronSinaWeibo.Chinesenetizensquicklyreactedtohernewrecord,congratulatingthevloggerandexpressing4.________hopethatshecanproducemorebrilliantvideostoadvocateChineseculturearoundtheworld.In2017,LiuploadedherfirstvideoonYouTube5.________wasabouthowtomakeadressusingtheskinsofgrapes.Thepoeticidylliclifeandprofoundtradi