2022年英语体育运动Physical-Culture-and-Sports

..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版第二局部体育运动PhysicalCultureandSports(一)总类General1、体育运动种类KindsofSportwatersports水上运动ancientsports古典运动springsports春季运动summersports夏季运动autumnsports秋季运动wintersports冬季运动athleticssports田径运动fieldsports田赛运动tracksports径赛运动poleclimbing爬杆tug-of-war拔河indoor(outdoor)sports室内〔外〕运动countrysports野外运动hiking徒步旅行healthsports健身运动bodybuildingexercises健美运动masssports群众性运动traditionalsports传统运动squat-and-straighten-upexercise蹲起运动sportsactivities体育活动2、体育锻炼PhysicalTraininghardtraining大运动量训练trainingmethod训练方法trainingplan/programme训练方案trainingtime训练时间phase训练阶段volumeofexercise训练量personalskill个人技巧basictechnique根本功amountofexercise运动量warming-up(exercises)准备活动warming-down/cooling-down(exercise)整理活动ballgameskills球艺counter-actingexercise对抗训练athleticskill体育技巧sportsmanship体育道德workout体育测验..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版3、体育服装SportsWearsportscoat/dress运动衣sportstrousers运动裤sportsshoes运动鞋sportsshirt运动衫cuff护腕kneecap/kneeguard护膝elbowguard护肘footballsuit(shirt,shorts,boots)足球衣〔衫，裤，鞋〕4、体育比赛CompetitionsandContestseightoffinals八分之一决赛biggame大型比赛friendlymatch友谊赛opengame公开赛quarterfinalround四分之一决赛worldcup世界杯赛championship锦标赛scratchcompetition正式比赛semifinals半决赛finals;finalgame决赛exhibitionmatch表演赛roundrobin循环赛eliminationmatch淘汰赛preliminarycompetition预赛dualmeet对抗赛challengematch邀请赛marchingin入场式march-in/out列队入场/退场grouping分组schedule比赛日程competitiondate比赛日期competitionsite比赛地点competitionprogramme比赛秩序册event比赛工程all-roundevent全能工程first/second/thirddivision甲、乙、丙组draw抽签opening/closingceremony开/闭幕式by轮空score比分totalscore总分twotozero二比零playingeven打成平局..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版breakingarecord打破纪录champion冠军runner-up亚军thirdplace季军goldmedal金牌silvermedal银牌bronzemedal铜牌certificateofaward奖状sportsman运发动beginner新手superstar体育巨星hometeam主队guestteam客队opponent对手teammember队员chiefcoach主教练headcoach总教练trainer教练员headjudge裁判长referee/judge裁判员cheeringsection啦啦队rooter啦啦队员sportsfan运动迷spectator观众〔单个〕5、体育场、馆StadiumandGymnasiumentrance入口exit出口court比赛场地fieldhouse更衣室scoreboard记分牌indoorstadium室内体育馆outdoorstadium室外体育场swimmingstadium/gymnasium/pool游泳场/馆/池fourhundred-meterathleticfields400米田径场basketballcourt篮球场footballfield足球场volleyballcourt排球场badmintoncourt羽毛球场playground运动场(二)田径TrackandField1、田径运动AthleticSportsrepeatruns反复跑..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版trackandfieldplayers’clothes田径服装athletictraining田径训练trackandfieldmeet田径赛buildup加速跑冲刺跑练习formwork技术练习stretchingexercises伸展练习overstride步子过大runningonspot原地跑sprinttraining短跑训练steps-ups单足踏上练习legpower腿部力量legaction腿部动作leadfoot领先脚leadleg摆动腿leadarm领先臂2、跳高HighJumparmaction手臂动作frontjump正面跳高standingjump立定跳远approachrun助跑takingoff起跳taking-offground起跳区plantfoot起跳脚taking-offleg起跳腿taking-offline起跳线taking-offspot起跳点footplant起跳踏地foamrubbermat海绵垫flop背越式跳高straddlejump俯卧式跳高scissorsjump剪式跳高cleaningthebar过杆jumpingstand跳高架trialjump试跳sleepingleg摆动腿hittingtheground触地jumpingoveronepointfivemeters跳过1.5米3、跳远LongJumpsandpit沙坑take-offboard起跳板take-offline起跳线take-offpoint起跳点..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版take-offangle起跳角standinglongjump立定跳远standingtriplejump立定三级跳远triplejump/hop,stepandjump三级跳远tapemeasure皮尺run-up助跑take-off起跳thrustagainsttheground蹬地transit腾空landingtheground落地take-offpush起跳蹬踏drawuptheknees向上提膝legextensionandthrust向前伸腿stride-in-airtype走步式跳远hang挺身式跳远knee-tucktype蹲距式跳远landingleg落地腿landingarea落地区swingingleg摆动腿take-offleg起跳腿strideinair腾空步4、投掷Throwshot铅球discus铁饼javelin标枪medicineball实心球softball垒球pull引枪angleofrelease出手角度angleofshot投掷角度velocityofthrowing投掷速度throwingfield投掷区throwingaction(motion)投掷动作throwingcircle投掷圈throwingline投掷线cross-step交叉步standingthrow原地投掷thrustingtheshotaway猛推trailput试推flipofwrist拨球sidearmdelivery体侧投出..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版5、赛跑Racelane分道athleticfields田径场outsidelane外道insidelane里道straight直道bend弯道track/racecourse跑道Tartan踏当塑胶跑道100-metresprint(dash)100米跑middle-distancerace中距离跑long-distancerace长距离跑steadyrunning匀速跑fullrun全力跑comfortablerunning放松跑standingstart站立式起跑crouchstart蹲距式起跑false起跑犯规startingline起跑线startingblock起跑器startingsignal起跑信号basicspeed根本速度jumpfinish猛扑撞线finishingline终点线burstforthetape终点冲刺jumpthegun抢跑dropout弃权callingtheroll点名collecting检录fourbyonehundredmetresrelayrace4╳100米接力跑relaybaton接力棒take-overzone接力区take-over接棒batonexchange传接棒passingofthebaton传棒upwardpass上挑式传棒downwardpass下压式传棒110-metrehighhurdles110米高栏cominguptothehurdle上栏drippingoverthehurdle上体压栏drivingdownoffthehurdle下栏take-offspot起跨点gettingoverthehurdle过栏touchdown落地..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版step(space)betweenthehurdle栏间步〔距离〕judgeforfield(track)events田〔径〕赛裁判refereeforfield(track)events田〔径〕赛裁判长timekeeper记时员chieftimekeeper记时长〔三〕、体操Gymnasticsacrobaticgymnastics技巧运动freeexercises自由体操keep-fitexercises保健操free-standingexercises徒手体操groupexercises团体操matexercises垫上运动forwardlunge弓箭步handstand手倒立lyingflatonback仰卧armsupwards两臂上举armsforwards两臂前平举armssideways两臂侧举chin-up引体向上quickforwardsomersault前滚翻raiseontoes提踵layout直体tuck抱膝headdownonchest低头含胸liftingthechest挺胸bendleg屈膝腿somersaultfrontpike屈体前翻somersaultbacktuck屈体后翻flipturn滚翻legextended腿伸直goodform正确姿势pressingleginfront正压腿pressinglegatside侧压腿setting-upexercises播送体操armsstretch上肢运动headrolls头部运动armsandlegsexercises四肢运动chestexercises扩胸运动legsupexercises腿部运动sidesexercises体侧运动twistingexercises体转运动bellyandbackexercises腹背运动..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版skippingexercises跳跃运动coolingdownexercises整理运动〔四〕、球类运动Sportsofballs1、篮球Basketballbasketballcourt篮球场3-secondzone三秒区centercircle中圈divisionline中线end-line底线boundaryline端线side-line边线freethrowline罚球线front(back)court前〔后〕场backboard篮板ring篮圈cordnet篮网shot投篮hookshot勾手投篮middle-distanceshot中距离投篮jumpshot跳投setshot原地投篮chestshot胸前投篮stopshot急停投篮actofshooting投篮动作makingagoal投中得分missingthebasket投篮不中over-the-rimshot扣篮stridelay-up跨步上篮blockingashot盖帽long(short)pass长〔短〕传球bouncepass反弹传球fakepass假传球floorpass传地滚球underhandpass低手传球catchingtheball接球filling-in补防stealingtheball夺球standingdribble原地运球high(low)dribble高〔低〕运球archdribble弧线运球crossoverdribble换手运球drivingin运球突破..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版pickingupthedribble停止运球cuttingin切入first(second)half上〔下〕半场startingtheclock比赛开始foul犯规shouldering以肩撞人犯规striking打人犯规hacking打手犯规technicalfoul技术犯规blocking阻挡犯规grabbing拉人犯规personalfoul侵人犯规pushing推人犯规charging撞人犯规carryingtheball带球走runningwiththeball带球跑time-out暂停stoppingthewatch停表illegaldribble运球违例changeofplayers换人post/pivot/centre中锋forward前锋guard后卫offence/attack进攻setoffence阵地进攻man-for-mandefence人盯人防守two-one-twozonedefence2-1-2区域联防combinationdefence混合防守bankball篮板球caromball擦板球follow-in跟进screen掩护post/pivot策应pressing紧逼shift补位breakloose摆脱2、排球Volleyballnet球网netpost网柱heightofthenet球网高度attackline限制线verticalrod标志杆..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版firstpasser一传队员setter二传attacker/spiker/smasher扣球手blocker/stopper拦网队员server发球队员receiver接发球队员overhandservice上手发球underhandservice下手发球changeofservice换发球alternation轮换发球dropshortservice发近网吊球servepoint发球得分overheadpass上手传球forearmpass下手传球digpass垫球quickspike快扣球droppingtheball吊球reception接球volley托球retrievingaball救球skip垫步floater飘球netball擦网球online压线球spikeout扣球出界doublecontact两次触球doublehit连击holding持球touchingwiththenet触网3、足球Footballfootballfield足球场centerfield中场halfwayline中线owngoal本方球门opponent’sgoal对方球门cornerarea角球区upfield前场boundaryline界线goalmouth球门门口goalpost球门柱goalarea球门区penaltyarc罚球弧..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版penaltyspot罚球点forwardline锋线footballteam足球队footballer足球队员goalkeeper守门员midfieldplayer中场队员forwards前锋backs后卫frontplayer锋线队员line-up阵容left(right)wing左〔右〕翼threeagainstone三打一down-the-middlethrust中路突破defensivewall防守人墙breakawayattack快速还击closeman-to-man紧逼人盯人wallofplayers人墙flyingkick正踢freekick任意踢toekick足尖踢heelkick足跟踢cornerball角球placekick定位球directfreekick直接任意球bicyclekick倒勾goalkick球门球kick-off开球runningkick跑动踢球indirectfreekick间接任意球throw-in掷界外球one-touchpassing一脚传球rushingfortheball争球cleanpass妙传passforward直传longpass长传headpass头顶传球indirectpass间接传球break-through突破pickingupapass接传球clog堵截heading顶球headingatagoal顶球射门header头球shooting射门..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版fullinstepshot正脚背射门volleyshot凌空射门fallingshot倒地射门chippingtheshot捅射crashingshot猛射scoringagoal攻进一球bananashot香蕉球loftingaball吊球ballintheplay死球dangerousplay危险动作ballcontrol控制球sliding铲球off-side越位beatinganopponent过人miskick漏球nearmiss临门失脚4、乒乓球TableTennistable球台leftcorner左角playingsurface台面edgeoftable台边bat/racket球拍pen-holdgrip直拍握法hand-shakegrip横拍握法spongebat海绵拍hammer大力扣杀strongdrive大力抽杀topspin上旋backspin下旋service发球backhand反手forehand正手loop弧圈球smash扣球chop搓球cut削球halfvolleywithpush推挡liftingtheball拉球block挡球exchangingdrives对抽choppingthechop对削〔搓球〕chopoverthetable台内削球..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版netball擦网球edgeball擦边球teamevent团体工程doubles双打mixeddoubles混合双打singles单打deuce局末平分5、羽毛球Badmintonbackhandgrip反手握拍法forehandgrip正手握拍法midcourt中区left(right)servicecourt左〔右〕发球区forehandcourt右场区backhandcourt左场区singles(doubles)court单〔双〕打球场shuttlecock羽毛球badminton羽毛球拍hardsmash大力扣杀backhanddrive反手平抽backhandshot反手击球backhandsmash反拍扣球forehandsmash正手扣球miss失误hand-in有发球权quickclose-upI快速封网netblocking封网let重发球doublehit连击rally连续对打highclear高远球returnofservice接发球inside掌