2022年英语二模拟四测评卷-钱静

..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版英语〔二〕模拟测评〔四〕SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.Throughoutthe19thcenturyandintothe20th,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersof1,crime,povertyandmoral2.Theirdistrustwascaused,3,byanationalideologythat4farmingthegreatestoccupationandruralliving5tourbanliving.Thisattitude6evenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessential7ofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousands8theprecarious(不稳定的)lifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeople9fromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspicionswiththem.Thesenewurbanitiesalreadyconvincedthatcitieswere10withgreatproblems;eagerly11theprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthe12ofthecity.Oneofmanyreformscame13theareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedby14governments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitiescompanieswould15exorbitant(过度的)ratesfortheseessentialservicesand16themonlytofindwhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedby17theutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.18..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版ofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwould19widespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteea20price.[A]eruption [B]corruption [C]interruption [D]provocation[A]disgrace [B]deterioration [C]dishonor [D]degradation[A]byorigin [B]inpart [C]atall [D]atrandom[A]proclaimed [B]exclaimed [C]claimed [D]reclaimed[A]superb [B]super [C]exceptional [D]superior[A]predominated [B]dominated [C]commanded [D]prevailed[A]feature [B]peculiarity [C]quality [D]attribute[A]deserted [B]departed [C]abolished [D]abandoned[A]reallocated [B]migrated [C]replaced [D]substituted10.[A]overwhelmed [B]overflowed [C]overtaken [D]preoccupied11.[A]embraced [B]adopted [C]hugged [D]contained12.[A]chaos [B]chores [C]chorus [D]outbreaks13.[A]at [B]by [C]out [D]in14.[A]public [B]municipal [C]republican [D]national15.[A]charge [B]take [C]cost [D]spend16.[A]distribute [B]deliver [C]transfer [D]transport17.[A]degenerating [B]generating [C]regenerating [D]regulating18.[A]Proponents [B]Opponents [C]Sponsors [D]Rivals19.[A]secure [B]ensure [C]reassure [D]incur20.[A]fair [B]just [C]square [D]objective..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieves,“Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebio-chemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.〞Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnottakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthelong-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.21.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans’viewabouttheirfood?[A]Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.[B]Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.[C]Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.[D]Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.22.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodinthat___.[A]nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment[B]pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture[C]manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版[D]almostallfoodshaveadditives23.Bysaying“theyemploychemicalswarfare〞(Para.2),BruceAmesmeans____.[A]plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases[B]plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth[C]farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants[D]farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases24.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson____.[A]thegovernment[B]theprocessor[C]theconsumer[D]thegrower25.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?[A]Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.[B]Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.[C]Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.[D]Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.Text2Itisofficial:theAmericanconsumer,forsolongthemainforcedrivingtheglobaleconomy,hascracked.FiguresreleasedonThursdayOctober30thshowedthatAmerica’seconomyshrankatanannualizedrateof0.3%inthethirdquarter.Thestorybehindthebreakdownwasafarsharperdeclineinconsumerspending,whichmakesuparoundtwo..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版-thirdsofGDP.Itfellatanannualizedrateof3.1%,thefirstdeclinesince1991andthebiggestdropsince1980.Capitalspendingbyfirmsalsodropped,withhousebuildingstilltheweakestlink.Spendinggrowthisunlikelytoresumesoon.EarlierintheweektheConferenceboard,aresearchfirm,saidthatitsindexofconsumerconfidencefelltoitslowestlevelsincethesurveybeganin1967.Thedropisalarmingbutnotsurprising.Americanconsumerscouldn’twithstandrepeatedblowstotheirfinancialwell-beingindefinitely.Householdwealthhasshriveled.Stock-marketsaredownbyaroundathirdsincethestartoftheyear.Housepricesin20bigcitiesfellinAugustatanannualrateof16.6%accordingtotheS&P/Case-Shillermeasure.Thecontinuedfallinpropertypriceshasleftalargeandgrowingfractionofhouseholdsunderwaterontheirhomeloans.Theunemploymentratehasrisento6.1%andissettocontinueupwards.FordandGeneralMotors,aswellasWhirlpool,anappliancemanufacturer,areamongbigAmericanfirmsthathaveannouncedjobcutsrecently.EmploymentfiguresdueforreleaseonNovember7tharelikelytoshowthataroundanother175,000jobswerelostinOctober,pushingtheunemploymentrateupto6.3%,accordingtoasurveyofforecastsbyBloomberg.Fewerjobsmeanlostincomeandlessspending.Duringpastrecessionscaresanyshortfallinincomefromjobsandinvestmentscouldbebridgedbyabankoverdraftorloan.Butcreditisnowscarce.Banks,fearfulfortheirownsurvival,arewillingtolendtoanyone(eveneachother).Consumersarehardesthitbythedearthofcreditpartlybecausethevalueofthehomesusedassecurityforloanshasdepreciated.Unsecuredloansarehardertocomeby.Beforethecrisis,consumercredithadgrownbyaround5%ayear.IntheyeartoAugust,itfellby3.7%.Inanycaselostwealthislikelytoencourageconsumerstosaveharderandcurbspendingfurther...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Theupshotisthattheeconomy’sbackwardsstepinthelatestquarterislikelytofollowedbyanother,farbiggeroneastheyearends.EconomistsatMorganChasereconthatAmerica’sGDPwilldeclineatanannualizedrateof4%inthefourthquarterandfallagainby2%inthefirstthreemonthsof2021.Householdspendingissettofollowasimilarpattern.Afteralongunbrokenspellofspendinggrowth,consumersinAmericaarefinallyshoppedout.26.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericanGDPwouldgoupif___.[A]globaleconomyisrecovered[B]consumerspendingrises[C]servicesmakemoreprofit[D]morehousescanbebuilt27.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrue?[A]Consumerconfidencehasdeclinedsincethe1960s.[B]Stock-marketshavedroppedtothehistoricallow.[C]Americanshaveexperiencedseveralfinancialhits.[D]InAugustthehousesbegantobesoldmorecheaply.Inthepastpeoplecouldpullthroughcrisisdueto___.[A]employmentexpansion[B]growthofconsumercredit..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版[C]assistancefromthebanks[D]dramaticcutinspending29.ExpertsatMorganbelievethat____.[A]thefourthquarterwillseeagreaterdecline[B]Americanconsumerswillwillinglystopshopping[C]thereisasignofrecoveryforthecomingyear[D]consumercreditislikelytoriseafterthecrisisThemostappropriateofthispassageis____.[A]Financialcrisisahead[B]Unemploymentdrop[C]Savingfortomorrow[D]ConsumerspendingcutText3OnWednesday,theIowaDepartmentofPublicHealthreportedthefirstconfirmedcaseofH1N1inahousepet,a13-year-olddomesticshorthairedcat.Theanimallikelycontractedthevirusfromitsowners,veterinarianssay,sincetwoofthethreefamilymemberslivinginthecat'shouseholdhadrecentlysufferedfrominfluenza-likeillness.Latelastweek,whenthecatcamedownwithflu-likesymptoms--malaise,lossofappetite--itsownersbroughtittoIowaStateUniversityCollegeofVeterinaryMedicinefortreatment.Thefamilymentionedtothevetthattheyhadalsorecentlybattledillness,whichledtotestingthepetforH1N1...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版It'snotyetclearhowvulnerablecats,dogsandotherhouseholdanimalsmaybetothenewvirus,buttheIowacat'scasereinforcesjusthowdifferentH1N1isfromseasonalfluviruses.Althoughsomehouseholdcatsandcertainwildcatsinzooshavegottenillwithavianinfluenza,anddogshavetheirowncanineversionofthefluvirus,petsdon'tnormallygetsickwiththeregularhumanflu."Therehasneverbeenareportofhumanseasonalinfluenzaaffectingcatsordogs,"saysDr.JulieLevy,directorofMaddie'sShelterMedicineProgramattheCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineoftheUniversityofIt'spossiblethattheIowacat'scasemaybeabellwetheroffuturepetdisease,butit'salsopossibleitwasjustaflukeevent.Atthecat'sadvancedage,itsimmunesystemmaynothavebeenasadeptatfendingoffinfluenzaasthatofayoungeranimal---similartothevulnerabilityseeninaginghumans.Still,saysDr.AnnGarvey,statepublic-healthvetattheIowaDepartmentofPublicHealth,“Wejustdon'tknow,wereallydon't.〞Garveynotesthatdespitenearly25,000casesofpositive,lab-confirmedH1N1inpeoplereportedintheU.S.sincelastspring,theIowacatisthefirstpettobedocumentedwiththevirus.ButbeforepetownersstartsuspectingFidoandFluffyofbeingH1N1hotbeds,Garveystressesthatsofar,nocasesofinfluenzaofanykindinpets---includingcasesofbirdflu---areknowntohavemovedfromanimalsintopeople.Andevenamongtheanimals,thevirusdoesnotappeartospreadeasily,whichmayfurthersuggestthatpetsarenotidealreservoirsforinfluenza.That'sgoodnewsforpetloversandfluworriers.AndsoisthefactthatthecatseemstoberecoveringwellfromitsboutwithH1N1."Boththeownersandthecatarerecovering,"saysGarvey.AsforanyoneelsewhoisworriedaboutspreadingH1N1flutotheirpets,vetsrecommendfollowingthesameguidelinesthattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsuggestforprotectingfamilymembers..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版---washyourhandsfrequently,coveryourcoughsandtrytoavoidclosecontactwithyourfurryfriendsuntilyou'rewell.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbediagnosedasfluaccordingtothepassage?A.constantcough B.runningnoseC.decreaseddesireforeating D.lossofweight32.Dr.Levymaintainsthat______.A.humanvirusisunlikelytopassontohouseholdpets.B.H1N1canbetreatedlikewisetoregularseasonalflu.C.Wildcatscanbeparticularlyvulnerabletofluvirus.D.Canineversionofthefluvirusissharedamongcats.33.Fromparagraph3,wemaylearnthat______.A.H1N1maynotbethesolecontributortotheIowacat’sconditionB.SmalleranimalsaremoreproficienttodefeattheinvasionoffluC.ThefactthatagedpeoplehavehigherriskisnotprovedtrueyetD.TheimmunesystemoftheIowacathasalreadybeendestroyed34.AccordingtoDr.Garvey,thefluvirus_____.A.wasfirstdocumentedintheIowacat..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版B.couldbeeasilytransferredtohumanbeings.C.spreadfasterthananyothertypeofbirdfluD.mightbeeffortlesslyfendedoffbyvariouspets.35.Thetoneusedbytheauthorseemstobe_____.A.neutral B.optimistic C.subjective D.worriedText4“Thepurposeofthislawissimple,〞saidPresidentLyndonJohnsononJuly2nd1964,ashepreparedtosigntheCivilRightsAct.Itwouldforbidsegregationathotelsandrestaurants,heexplained,andbandiscriminatoryrulesforvoterregistration.IthadpassedbothchambersofCongresswithatwo-thirdsmajority,meaningthatbothDemocratsandRepublicanshadsupportedthebill.Thelaw’sbulwark,headded,wouldbe“voluntarycompliance〞.Thatwasawishaswellaswarning.Thelawmayhavebeensimple,butJohnsonintendeditseffectstobeprofound:“topromoteamoreabidingcommitmenttofreedom,amoreconstantpursuitofjustice,andadeeperrespectforhumandignity〞.Andheknewthatmanywhites,particularlyintheSouthandinhishomestateofTexas,wouldresistitsimplementation.InthesecondweekofApriltheLyndonB.JohnsonPresidentlibraryinAustin,theTexascapital,hostedasummitoncivilrights,celebratingthe50thanniversaryofthelaw’spassage.Thespeakersincludedadvocates,athletesandartists;blacks,whitesandHispanics;leadersofthemovementandpeoplebornyearslater;andpoliticiansfrombothparties,including..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版theheaviesthitteravailable.OnlyfivepeoplealivehaveheldtheofficeofpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Fourofthem,includingtheincumbent,spokeatthesummit.ThefactthattheCivilRightsActcannowbethesubjectofamajorconferenceis,initself,asignofhowmuchthecountryhaschangedsinceitspassage.Intheearly1960soppositiontoracialequalitywaswidespread,brutalandsometimeslethal.Itwasalsoamoreorlessmainstreampoliticalpositionatthetimethelawwaspassed,andforyearsthereafter,atleastinpartsofthecountry.FormerpresidentJimmyCarter,whospokeonthefirstdayofthesummit,recalledthatwhenhewaselectedgovernorofGeorgiain1970,segregationinpublicservicessuchasschoolswasthenorm,eventhoughitwasillegal.Eventoday,hecontinued,racialinequalitycanbeseeninemploymentstatisticsandeducationoutcomes.“Toomanypeople〞,hewarned,“areateasewiththestillexistingdisparity.〞36.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theCivilRightsActwould___.[A]banvotersfromregistration[B]prohibitracialdiscrimination[C]receivewelcomefromthepublic[D]gainthesupportofallAmericans37.Itcanbeimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat___.[A]thelawwassoambitiousthatitwouldfail[B]theimplementationofthelawwouldbeeasy[C]amajorityofblackpeoplewouldresistthelaw..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版[D]thelawmightbemorepopularamongtheblack38.Theword“heaviesthitter〞(Line5,para.3)mostprobablymeans___.[A]theheaviestpersons[B]theeldestpoliticians[C]themostexcellentkillers[D]themostimportantpersonsTheCivilRightsActhasbecomethethemeofameetingbecause.[A]ithashadprofoundinfluence[B]ithascultivatedmanyleaders[C]ithaschangedthewholeworld[D]ithaseliminatedracialinequalityItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat.[A]racialdiscriminationhasbeeneliminatedatpresent[B]segregationinpublicservicesarestillcommonnow[C]manypeopleareindifferenttoracialinequalitytoday[D]disparitycanstillbeseeninmostplacesofthecountryPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwosubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版[A]MBAprogramboominSouthAfrica[B]CurrentassessmentofMBAprograms[C]ViewsontherankingsofMBAprograms[D]AbundanceofMBAprogramsworldwide[E]Rankingsaremisleading[F]VariationinMBAcourses[G]ProminenceasafactorinassessmentChoosingaMBAProgramBusinessschoolenrollmenthasjumpedinthepastfewyearsasincreasingnumbersofstudentsseekcareersintheworld.Therisingdemandhasencouragedintensecompetitionandgrowthamongbusinessprograms. 41.______________________________________StudentsfinddecidingonaMBAprogramtobeadauntingtask.Thisisinpartduetotheproliferationofoptions.Therearenowmorethan1,000MBAprogramsintheUnitedStates,700inEurope---includingover300inBritain---andsome525intherestoftheworld,withthegreatestconcentrationintheAsia-Pacificregion.TheboomhasrecentlyhitSouthAfricaaswell,wheretenyearsago,thenationofferedhalfadozenprograms.Nowmorethan40areprovided,mostbyforeignbusinessschools.Insomerespects,theschoolsdifferlittle---75percentofthemaregeneralmanagementprograms.Buttheoptionsremain,withfull-timeprogramsaccountingforonly42percentofthetotal,therestbeingpart-time,modularanddistancelearning. 42.______________________________________..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Somefull-timeprogramsaredeliveredthroughevening-onlylectures,andsomemodularprogramsarefull-timebecauseofsomuchprojectwork.Morethan90percentoftheprogramsareinEnglish,theothersbeingofferedin23languageswithSpanishthemostcommon.Manyprograms---especiallytheexecutiveones---requireyearsofexperiencebeforeadmission.Yet“executive〞canalsodefineapart-time,acceleratedprogram.Thepotentialstudent---preparedtospendaround﹩15,000peryear---facesabewilderingarrayofproducts,oftendescribedininconsistentterminologybutwithnoessentialdifferenceininstruction.43.______________________________________Businessschools,withafewnotableexceptions,havenotclearlyexplainedtheirassessmentcomparisoncriteria.TheyarguethataMBAisaMBA,differingonlyinthenameandcostoftheissuingschool.Inordertohelpthelayman,newspapershaveoftensteppedintoshedlightonthisconfusion,judgingschoolsandprograms,andprovidingrankings.44.______________________________________Applicantspreferrankings,buttheschoolforthemmostpartdonot.Europeanschools,inparticular,arguethatrankingsaremisleadingastheymayuseanarrowrangeofoften-inappropriatemeasureswhichfailtorevealthetruecompetenceofuniqueprograms.Severalschoolshavecontestedandboycottedleaguetables.Nevertheless,thenumberofbusinessschoolswhichparticipateinrankingsisactuallygrowing,inpartbecauserankingstellpotentialcustomerswhattheyneedtoknow.Sincebusinessschoolsmustmarkettoapplicantsasiftheywereconsumers,mosttakerankingsseriously...可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版45.______________________________________ArankingisjustonefactorthatunderpinsthesuccessofschoolsandMBAprograms.Theprogramsmustnotonlyrankhighly,theymustalsobeknown.Schoolswanttheirprograms---andgraduateswanttheirdegrees---toreceiveinstantrecognitionandrespect.