PEC土木工程英语证书考试土力学词汇

PEC土木工程英语证书考试-土力学词汇Aabsorbedwater吸着水accumulationsedimentationmethod累积沉淀法activeearthpressure积极土压力Eaactivityindex活性指数Aadamicearth,redsoil红粘土additionalstress(pressure)ofsubsoil地基附加应力（压力）zadversegeologicphenomena不良地质现象aeoliansoils风积土aeolotropicsoil各向异性土airdriedsoils风干土allowablesubsoilbearingcapacity地基容许承载力［0］allowablesettlement容许沉降alluvialsoil冲积土anglebetweenfailureplaneandmajorprincipalplane破坏面与大主平面旳夹角angleofinternal，external(wall)friction内摩擦角、外(墙背)摩擦角angulargravel,angularpebble角砾anisotropicsoil各向异性土aquifer含水层aquifuge,impermeablerlayer不透水层areaoffoundationbase基本底面面积Aartesianwaterhead承压水头artificialfills人工填土artificialfoundation人工地基AtterbergLimits阿太堡界线attitude产状averageconsolidationpressure平均固结压力averageheavingratiooffrozensoillayer冻土层旳平均冻胀率averagepressure,additionalpressureoffoundationbase基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbasetiltfactoroffoundation基本倾斜系数bc、bq、bbasetiltfactors基底倾斜系数bc、bq、bbearingcapacity承载力bearingcapacityfactors承载力系数Nc,、Nq,、N[California]BearingRatio[CBR]承载比bearingstratum持力层bedrock,originalrock基岩beginninghydraulicgradient起始水力梯度(坡降)ioBiotconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论Bishop’sslicemethod比肖普条分法boundwater结合水(束缚水)boulder漂石Boussinesqtheory布辛奈斯克理论bridge桥梁bridgepier桥墩brokenstone，crushedstone碎石bulkmodulus体积模量burieddepthoffoundation基本埋置深度dbuoyantdensity浮密度buoyantgravitydensity(unitweight)浮重度（容重）’CCaliforniaBearingRatio(CBR)加州承载比capillaryrise毛细水上升高度capillarywater毛细（管）水categorizationofgeotechnicalprojects岩土工程分级cementation胶结作用centralload中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristicvalueofsubsoilbearingcapacity地基承载力特性值fakchemicalgrouting化学灌浆circularfooting圆形基本clay粘土claycontent粘粒含量clayminerals粘土矿物clayeysilt粘质粉土clayeysoils,claylysoils粘性土coarseaggregate粗骨料coarse-grainedsoils粗粒土coarsesand粗砂cobble卵石Codefordesignofbuildingfoundation建筑地基基本设计规范coefficientofactiveearthpressure积极土压力系数Kacoefficientofpassiveearthpressure被动土压力系数KPcoefficientofcollapsibility湿陷系数scoefficientofcompressibility压缩系数acoefficientofcurvature曲率系数Cccoefficientofearthpressureatrest静止土压力系数K0coefficientoflateralpressure侧压力系数K0coefficientofpermeability渗入系数kcoefficientofsecondaryconsolidation次固结系数coefficientofuniformity不均匀系数coefficientofverticalconsolidation竖向固结(压密)系数cv.coefficientofvertical，horizontalpermeability竖向、水平向渗入系数khcoefficientofvertical，horizontal，tangentialadditionalstressbeneathauniformstripload均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数sz、sx、sxzcoefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressbeneathauniformroundloadatcentrepoint均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数r、coefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressbeneathatriangulardistributedrectangleloadatcornerpoint三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数t1、t2、、coefficientofverticaladditional,averageadditionalstressofbeneathauniformrectangleloadatcornerpoint均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数c、coefficientofverticaladditionalstressbeneathaconcentrationload集中应力系数αcoefficientofviscosity粘滞系数coefficientofvolumecompression体积压缩系数mVcoefficientofweathering风化系数cohesionlesssoils无粘性土cohesivesoils粘性土collapsibility湿陷性compactibility压实性compactionbyrolling碾压法compactiontest击实实验compactionfactor压实系数ccompactness密实度compositeground复合地基compressibility压缩性compressionindex压缩指数Cccompression(constrainedmodulus)压缩（侧限）模量Escompressionzone受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-logp曲线）compressivestrength抗压强度concentratedload集中力P[static]conepenetrationtest[CPT]静力触探实验confinedwaterhead承压水头confiningpressure［周］围压[力]consistency稠度consistencylimit稠度界线consolidatedquick(direct)sheartest固结快剪（直剪）实验consolidatedquickshearcohesion、angleofinternalfriction固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq、cqconsolidatedundrainedtriaxialcompressiontest[CU-test]固结不排水三轴压缩实验consolidated-undrainedcohesion、angleofinternalfriction固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、cuconsolidationapparatus固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidationcurve固结(d-和d-logt曲线)consolidationsettlement固结沉降scconsolidationtest(containcompressiontest)固结(压密)实验（具有压缩实验）constraineddiameterofsoilpartical限制粒径d60constrainedmodulus侧限模量Escontactstress(pressure)接触应力（压力）contaminatedsoil污染土corner-pointmethod角点法Coulomb’stheoryofearthpressure库伦土压力理论creep蠕变criticaledge、critical,ultimateloadofsubsoilbearingcapacity地基承载力旳临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3p1/4、极限荷载pucriticalheightofslope（土坡）临界高度criticalhydraulicgradient临界水力梯度icrcriticalvoidraio临界孔隙比crushedstone,brokenstone碎石culvert涵洞cushion垫层cyclictriaxialtest周期三轴实验Ddampingratio阻尼比Darcy’slaw达西定律Debrisflow泥石流deepfoundation深基本deepmixingmethod深层搅拌法degreeofcompaction压实度cdegreeofconsolidation固结度Udegreeofsaturation饱和度Srdensificationbysandpile挤密砂桩density密度depthfactoroffoundation基本深度系数dc、dq、dsymbol103\f"Symbol"\s10.5differentialsettlement沉降差dike,levee堤dilatancy剪胀性diluvialfan洪积扇diluvialsoils洪积土directsheartest直[接]剪[切]实验dispersiveclay分散性粘土disturbedsamples扰动土样doublelayer双电层drainagecohesion,angleofinternalfriction排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、ddrainedshearstrength排水抗剪强度d［consolidated］drainedtriaxial［compression］test[CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］实验drift-sand流砂［现象］drydensity干密度ddrygravitydensity(unitweight)干重度(容重)ddynamicelasticmodulus动弹性模量Eddynamicload动荷载dynamicpenetrationtest动力触探实验dynamictriaxialtest动三轴实验dynamicshearmodulus动剪切模量Gddynamicstrain，stress动应变d、动应力dEEarthdam土坝Earthmaterial土料earthpressureatrest静止土压力E0earthquakeengineering地震工程学earth－rockdam土石坝earthwork土石方工程eccentricload偏心荷载eccentricityoffoundationbaseloading(resultofforces)基本底面荷载合力偏心距eeffectiveangleofinternalfriction有效内摩擦角’effectivecohesion有效粘聚力c’effectivegrainsize有效粒径d10effectivestress有效应力’effectivestresspath[ESP]有效应力途径elasticmodulus，Young’smodulus弹性模量Eelectro-osmosis电渗embankments路堤engineeringgeologiccolumnarprofile工程地质柱状图engineeringgeologicexploration工程地质勘察engineeringgeologicdrilling工程地质钻探engineeringgeologicevaluation工程地质评价engineeringgeologicmap工程地质图engineeringgeologicmapping工程地质测绘engineeringgeologicprofile工程地质剖面图engineeringgeology工程地质学environmentalgeotechnics环境岩土工程学equipotentiallines等势线excavation开挖excesshydrostaticpressure超静水压力excessporewaterpressure(stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibilityandcontractility胀缩性expansion,swellingindex回弹指数Ceexpansivesoil膨胀土experiencefactorofsettlementcalculation沉降计算经验系数Ffactorofsafety安全系数failurestrength破坏强度failuresurface破坏面fault断层fieldidentification土旳现场鉴别fieldobservation现场观测fill填土filmwater，filmmoisture薄膜水filter反滤层finalsettlement最后沉降量sfinalsettlementbysettlementobservationcalculating沉降观测推算旳最后沉降量sfinesand细砂fine-grainedsoils,fines细粒土fissuredsoils裂隙粘土fissuredwater裂隙水flocculentstructure絮凝构造flowline流线flownet流网fold褶皱flowingsand流砂[现象]fluvialsoils冲积土footing，foundation基本foundationsettlement地基（基本）沉降fraction粒组freeswellingratio自由膨胀率effreewater自由水freewaterelevation，surface地下水位freezingmethod冻结法frictioncoefficientoffoundationbase基底摩擦系数μfriction－resistanceratio摩阻比frostboiling翻浆frozenheavingproperties冻胀性frozensoils冻土GGap－gradedsoil不持续级配土General-shearfailure整体剪切破坏generalizedprocedureofslices[GPS]一般条分法[vertical]geostatic(selfweight)stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σc、σczgeosynthetics土工合成材料geotechnicalengineering岩土工程geotechnicalinvestigation岩土工程勘察geotextiles土工织物glacialsoils冰积土gradingcurve级配曲线grainsize粒径grainsizeaccumulationcurve粒径合计（积）曲线granularity粒度gravel圆砾gravellysand砾砂gravellysoils砾类土gravitationalacceleration重力加速度ggravitationalwater重力水gravitydensity重［力密］度gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙groundtiltfactor地面倾斜系数gc、gq、gsymbol103\f"Symbol"\s10.5groundtreatment地基解决groundwater地下水、潜水groundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation,surface,[ground]watertable[GWT]地下水位groundwaterdynamics地下水动力学grouting灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinitebody)半空间（半无限体）Hansen’sformulaofultimatebearingcapacity汉森极限承载力公式hardnessdegreeofrock岩石坚硬限度head[ofwater]水头Hheavydynamicpenetrationtest[HDPT]重型动力触探实验heightofretainingwall挡土墙高度Hheigthoftensilearea拉力区高度h0highliquidlimitclay,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土highway公路honeycombstructure蜂窝构造hydraulicgradient水力梯度Ihydraulichead水头Hhydrometermethod比重计法hydrostaticpressure静水压力Iillite伊利石immediatesettlement瞬时沉降sdimpermeablelager，imperviousstratum不透水层inclinedload倾斜荷载influencecoefficientsofsettlement沉降影响系数、o、c、m、rinitialcollapsepressure湿陷起始压力initialtangentmodulus初始切线模量Eiinorganicmineralsubstance无机矿物质in-situtest原位测试in-situbearingtest现场承载力实验intermediamliquidlimitclay[CI]中液限粘土internalfrictionangle内摩擦角internalscour潜蚀isotropicsoil各向同性土JJanbu’smethodofslices杨布条分法jetgroutingmethod高压喷射注浆法joint节理Kkaolinite高岭石karstlandfeature喀斯特地貌K0－consolidationK0固结Llaminarflow层流landslide滑坡landsubsidence地面下沉lateralgeostaticstress侧向自重应力σcx,σcylaterite红土layer-wisesummationmethod分层总和法lengthoffoundationbase基本底面长度llimitequilibriumcondition极限平衡条件limitofplasticity塑限wPlinearshrinkageratio线缩率lineload线荷载liquefaction液化liquefactionresistance抗液化强度liquidlimit[LL]液限wLliquidityindex[LI]液性指数ILloadingtest载荷实验localshearfailure局部剪切破坏loess黄土logarithmicspiral对数螺旋线lowliquidlimitclay,mo[CL],[ML]低液限粘土、粉土MMagmaticrock(igneousrock)岩浆岩（火成岩）major,intermediate,minorprinciplestress大、中、小主应力1、2、3marinesoils海积土masscircleslidingmethod整体圆弧滑动法maximum，minimumvoidratio最大、最小孔隙比emax、eminmaximum、minimumpressureoffoundationbase基底最大、最小压力pmax、pminmaximum,minimumdrydensity最大、最小干密度dmax、dminmaximumdrydensity最大干密度maximumexpandeddepthofplasticityregion塑性区最大发展深度zmaxmediangraindiameter中值粒径d30mediumsand中砂meniscus弯液面metamorphicrock变质岩methodofslice条分法minglesoils混合土miscellaneousfill杂填土mo,silts,siltysoils粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulusofdeformation,elasticity变形模量E0弹性模量Emodulusofrecompression再压缩模量modulusofresilience回弹模量Mohr-Coulomblaw摩尔库仑定律moisture-densitytest击实实验moisture,watercontent含水量(率)wmontmorillonite蒙脱石muck,mucksoils淤泥、淤泥质土mulchingsoils覆盖土mudpumping翻浆冒泥Nnaturalangleofrepose自然（天然）休止角nomalstress法向应力x、y、znon-cohesivesoils无粘性土non-uniformsettlement不均匀沉降normallyconsolidation归一化normallyconsolidatedsoils[N.C.soils]正常固结土Ooptimummoisturecontent最优含水率organicsoil有机质土Oedometermodulus侧向压缩模量Eoed、Esoedometer固结仪、压缩仪、渗入仪one-dimensionalconsolidation单向固结（压密）optimummoisture，（water）content最优含水量(率)woporganicsoil有机质土，有机土organicsubstance,organicmatter有机质originalrock基岩overcoarse-grainedsoils巨粒土overburdensoils覆盖土overconsolidatedsoils[O.C,soils]超固结(过压密)土overconsolidationratio[OCR]超固结（过压密）比Pparametersofshearstrength抗剪强度参数particalsize粒径particalsizeanalysis颗粒分析实验passiveearthpressure被动土压力Eppathofpercolation渗[透途]径Hpeat泥炭pebble圆砾penetrationresistace贯入阻力percentofsoilparticles土粒百分含量piperchedwater上层滞水perenniallyfrozensoil近年冻土permeablelayer,perviousstratum透水层permeability渗入性permeabilitytest渗入实验phreaticline浸润线phreaticwater潜水、地下水physicalpropertiesofrock岩石旳物理性质piezoconetest[CPTU]孔压静力触探实验piezometrichead测压管水头piezometerhead测压管水头hpiping管涌planestraintest平面应变实验plasticfailure塑性破坏plasticflow塑流plasticlimit[PL]塑限wPplasticstrain塑性应变plasticzone塑性区plasticitychart塑性图plasticityindex[PI]塑性指数Ipplateloadingtest平板载荷实验pointloading点荷载实验Poisson’sratio泊松比μpoorly-gradedsoils不良级配土poreairpressure孔隙气压力porewaterpressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）uporepressure(stress)parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bporepressureratio孔隙压力比porewater孔隙水porosity孔隙率npreconsolidationpressure先（前）期固结压力pcpreloadingmethod预压法pressurebulb压力泡pressuremetertest[PMT]旁（横）压实验primaryconsolidation主固结primarymineral原生矿物principalstress主应力1、2、3principleofeffectivestrress有效应力原理proctor［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］实验proportionallimitload比例界线荷载pprpumpingtest抽水实验punching-shearfailure冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qqualityofsoil,soilparticles(solids),water土、土粒、水旳质量m、ms、mwQuaternarydeposit第四纪沉积层quicksand流砂[现象]quickshearcohesion,angleofinternalfriction快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq、qquick[shear]test快剪实验RRadiusofinfluence影响半径Rankine’stheoryofearthpressure朗肯土压力理论rateofsettlement沉降速率ratiooflengthtowidth长宽比mreboundmodulus回弹摸量recompressioncurve再压缩曲线rectangularfooting矩形基本redclay,adamicearth红粘土regionalsoils特殊[性]土，区域性土relativedensity[RD]相对密(实)度Drresidualdeformation残存变形residualsoils残积土residualstrength残存强度rubble，rubble-stone块石runningsand流砂[现象]rupturesurface破坏面Ssalinesoil盐积土sanddrain排水砂井sandparticlecontent砂粒含量sandboiling砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandysilt砂质粉土sandysoils,sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturateddensity饱和密度ρsatsaturatedgravitydensity饱和重度satscaleeffect尺度效应screwplateloadingtest[SPLT]螺旋板载荷实验seasonallyfrozensoil季节冻土secondarycompression（consolidation）index次压缩（固结）指数Csymbol97\f"Symbol"\s10.5secondarycompression(consolidation)settlement,creepsettlement次压缩（固结）沉降sssecondarymineral次生矿物secondaryredclay次生红粘土seepage[flow]渗流（漏）seepagedeformation渗入变形seepagefailure渗入破坏seepagedischarge渗流量Qseepageforce渗流力（动水力）GDseepageline浸润线(渗流线)seepagevelocity渗流速度vseepagepath渗径[verticale]selfweight(geostatic)stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz、σcsemi—infiniteelastic半无限弹性体sensitivity敏捷度Stsettlementcalculationdepth沉降计算深度znshallowfoundation浅基本shapefactoroffoundation基本形状系数sc、sq、sshearfailure剪切破坏shearmodulus剪切模量Gshearresistance剪阻力或抗剪力shearstrain剪应变shearstrength抗剪强度fshearstrengthenvelope抗剪强度包线shearstress剪应力sheetpilewall板桩墙shrinkagelimit[SL]缩限wssieveanalysistest筛分实验siltyclay粉质粘土siltysand粉砂siltysoils,silts,mo粉土(粉性土、粉质土)single-grainedstructure单粒构造sizefraction粒组slipsurface滑动面slopestability土坡稳定性slopewash,slopematerials坡积土slowshearcohesion，angleofinternalfriction慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cs、sslow(direct)sheartest慢剪实验softclay软粘土softfoundation软弱地基soil土soilclassification土旳分类soilcohesion，angleofinternalfriction土旳粘聚力c、内摩擦角soildynamics土动力学soilfabric土旳组构soilflow流土soilmechanics土力学soilnailing土钉soilsampler取土器soilskeleton土骨架soilstructureandtexture土旳构造和构造soilsupportinglayer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundationandsuperstructureinteraction地基、基本与上部构造互相作用soilsandFoundations地基及基本soilsimprovement地基解决specialsoils特殊（性）土specificgravityofsoilparticles土粒比重Gsspecificpenetrationresistance比贯入阻力psspecificsurface比表面（积）splittest劈裂实验(巴西实验)SPTblowcount标[准]贯[入实验锤]击数Nsquarefooting方形基本stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性stabilityagainstsliding抗滑稳定性stabilitynumber稳定数Nsstabilitynumbermethod稳定数法standardpenetrationtest[SPT]原则贯入实验staticpenetrationtest[CPT]静力触探实验staticfailurestrength静力破坏强度fstipfoundation条形基本Stokes’law司笃克斯定律Stones,stoneysoils碎石[类]土stress、strain应力、应变stresshistory，path,level应力历史、途径、水平stressconcentration应力集中strengthenvelope强度包线strengthofactiveearthpressure积极土压力强度astrengthofpassiveearthpressure积极土压力强度pstrengthofearthpressureatrest静止土压力强度0stripload条形荷载subgrade路基、地基subgradereaction地基反力superimposedpressureoffoundationbase基底平均附加压力p0superimposedstress（pressure）ofsubsoil地基附加应力(压力)zsurcharge[load]超载surfacetension表面张力surfacewater地表水surfacewavevelocitymethod表面波法Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧法swellingforce膨胀力swelling，expansionindex回弹(膨胀)指数Ceswellingratio膨胀率syncline向斜T[ground]table地下水Terzaghi’sthe