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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof()onherface.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indifference“漠不关心;不重视;中立”;B选项compliment“恭维;称赞;问候”;C选项negligence“疏忽;忽视”;D选项reproach“责备;责骂”。句意:我没有听妈妈的话,看到她脸上责备的表情,我并不感到惊讶。题干中说到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我没有听妈妈的话”,而“责备”符合语境,因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost(

)ofgovernment.

问题1选项

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。tough意为“坚强的,坚韧的”;demanding意为“要求高的,费力的”;diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”;benign意为“温和的,仁慈的”。

句意:但是像这样的礼物不能奖励给每个人,不管是由法官还是由温和的政府。

3.单选题

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

问题1选项

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“多变的;活泼的;机智的”;B选项gallant“英勇的”;C选项ardent“热烈的”;D选项frugal“节俭的”。句意:虽然琳达有时太懒,不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作,但她对引人注目更热烈地喜欢。根据语境,C选项ardent“热烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比较合理,和avid“热衷的”同义,符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe().

问题1选项

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice实行;takeintoaccount考虑;throwlighton照亮,阐明,使……显得清楚;lookdownupon看不起。句意:在计算个人每日所需热量时,应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Despite(

)effortsbythefinanceminister,inflationroseto36points.

问题1选项

A.absurd

B.grimy

C.valiant

D.fraudulent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。absurd“不合理的,荒谬的,可笑的,愚蠢的”;grimy“污秽的”;valiant“勇敢的,英勇的”;fraudulent“欺诈的,欺骗的”。句意:尽管财政部长做了无畏的努力,通货膨胀还是上升到了36点。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

问题1选项

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting 

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项short-term“短期的”;B选项acute“严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的”;C选项bitter“苦的;痛苦的;尖刻的;充满仇恨的”;D选项long-lasting“持久的;长期的,持续时间长的”。句意:我们知道,慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活,导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词chronic“慢性的;长期的;习惯性的”,得知D选项正确。

7.单选题

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally(

)tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项breakoff“(使)分离”;B选项breakdown“失败”;C选项breakout“突然发生,爆发”;D选项breakthrough“突围,突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系,由failedmanytimes(多次失败)与finally(最终)可知D选项符合语境。句意:史密斯医生失败了很多次,但他最终突破了,找到了解决问题的成功方法。

8.单选题

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

问题1选项

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的,普通的”;B选项standardized“标准化的”;C选项competitive“竞争的,比赛的”;D选项generalized“普遍的,广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与varygreatly的意思相反,因此选B。句意:即使教科书通过学校系统标准化,教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

9.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?(

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?(

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat(

).

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat(

).

问题1选项

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

问题2选项

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

问题3选项

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

问题4选项

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,紧接着后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分别对应选项B,C,D,只有选项A没有提及。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主义的策略就是创造一种和实际并不相符的恐惧氛围。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。选项D与第六段第四句重现。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段,最后一句指出:这种威胁的随机性和普遍性给人的印象是其破坏能力大大增强。因此选项C正确。

10.单选题

Hebuiltalargefencebecauseheheardhisneighborwasgoingto()onhisproperty.

问题1选项

A.apposite

B.execrable

C.utilitarian

D.impinge

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。impingeon“影响;撞击;侵犯”。句意为:因为听说邻居将会侵犯自己的财产,所以他修建了一个大的围栏。根据句意可知D选项正确。

11.单选题

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto()forhundredsofyears.

问题1选项

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣,兴旺,主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣,兴旺,指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行,战胜;popularize普及,推广。句意:玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期,并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。

12.翻译题

五年前,如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话,那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天,越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵,这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求,以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。

24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生,也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初,他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体,锻炼心志。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展,相反,我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”

随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力,现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息,和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比,大学生入伍比率从0.1%提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率,如果你具有某些特别领域的知识,就更有优势。譬如,各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力,语言专业的人就很有优势,电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域,对这类人才的需求也很高。

为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍,有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上,这种入伍的经历很有意义,可以开阔视野,也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业,以及是否愿意投身部队。

【答案】IfaChinesecollegestudentintendedtoenlistasasoldierinthearmy,ittookalotofcouragefiveyearsago.Buttoday,moreandmorecollegestudentschoosetobecomeanarmysoldierduetotheneedsofthearmiesforseniortalents,aswellasthenewpoliciesencouragingstudentstojointhearmy.

24-year-oldZhou,asfinancemajor,isalsoturninghisattentiontotheforceinordertoseekhisowndevelopment.Earlierthismonth,hejustpassedthephysicalexaminationofthecalltoarmy.“Ihopeastockybodyandastrongmindcanbegainedbythethoroughtrainingoftheforce.I’mnotbotheredaboutmycareerdevelopmentafterjoiningthearmy;onthecontrary,Ithinkitbenefitstomycareerdevelopment.”

Modernarmiesbadlyneedthewell-educatedpeopletocompletethecomplicatedequipment,asthemodernwarfareandthemilitaryplansincreasinglyneedcomplextechniqueandoperationalcapability.Itistheconscriptionofficestatedthatcomparingwithfirstlyenlistingrecruitsfromcollegestudentsin2001,theenrolleesfromuniversitygraduatesincreasefrom0.1%to60%inBeijing.Bachelororabovewillbeusefulforthesuccessfulapplicationoftherecruitment.Youwillhavemoreadvantagesifyoumaintaintheknowledgeinsomespecificfield.Forexample,thepersonoflanguagemajorhasabigadvantageduetotheneedofthelanguagecompetenceforthemilitaryexchanges.Thequalifiedpersonfromelectroniccommunicationsorelectronicswhichrepresentakeyfieldofthefuturemilitarycompetitionhasahighdemand.

Inordertoattractmorehigh-qualitytalentstojointhearmy,publicityandrewardsprogramhavebeenengaginginthecollegegraduatesbeingcalledup.Infact,thisismeaningful,whichbroadensyourhorizons,leavesmoretimeformappingoutyourwholefuturecareeraswellaswhetherornottobewillingtoengageintheforces.

13.单选题

TheGermanGovernment’slong-plannedreturntoitshistoriccapitalisinfull______thissummer,almost10yearsafterthefalloftheBerlinWall.

问题1选项

A.gear

B.speed

C.rate

D.move

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮;(特定用途的)器械”;B选项speed“(发生或进行的)速度,进度”,fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”;C选项rate“速度;比率”;D选项move“行动”。句意:在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天,德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划______。根据语境,这里指的是全力推动计划,结合词组fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”,B选项speed“(发生或进行的)速度,进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

14.翻译题

学问是自己的事,不能依靠别人。环境好,图书设备充足,有良师益友指导启发,当然有很大的帮助,但是这些条件具备,也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人,并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素,还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事,许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦,所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

15.单选题

Themegaphonemakesthevoicesoundbecauseitpointssoundwavesinonedirectionandkeepsthemfromspreadingoutinalldirections.

问题1选项

A.slithering

B.interfering

C.radiating

D.murmuring

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。spreadout表示“展开,伸张”。A项slither“使滑动”,B项interfere“干涉,妨碍”,C项radiate“辐射,发射”,D项murmur“低声说”。句意:扩音器之所以能发出声音,是因为它把声波指向一个方向,防止它们向四面八方扩散。根据题意该题选C。

16.单选题

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled“communes”,wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof“doyourownthing”.AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”.FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey’sMerryPranksters,thefollowersofSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecamefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana(大麻).

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof“doyourownthing”.However,TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner’s“conditioning”techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”.Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto“dropout”ofsocietyduringthe1960s?

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuilddome-shapedhouse?

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebasedon?

5.Whatisan“archeology”?

问题1选项

A.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

B.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

C.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

D.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

问题2选项

A.OnafarminTennessee.

B.InanarcheologyinArizona.

C.Indome-shapedhouse.

D.Inoldschoolhouses.

问题3选项

A.SteveGaskin.

B.BuckminsterFuller.

C.PaoloSoleri.

D.B.G.Skinner.

问题4选项

A.Theideasofapsychologist.

B.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogether.

C.Thephilosophyofdoyouownthing.

D.Virginiainthelate1960s.

问题5选项

A.AcityinArizona.

B.Atechniquetocontrolpeople.

C.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology.

D.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.(20世纪60年代,许多美国年轻人对美国社会感到不满。)和第三句SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.(他们中的一些人决定退出美国社会,组成自己的社会。),可知是因为不满美国社会,所以退出,C选项“他们不满意美国社会”正确。A选项“他们想参加越南战争”和B选项“他们不希望所有的人都是平等的”:根据第一段第二句TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.(他们想结束越南战争,让所有美国人平等。),可知他们希望战争停止,也希望人人平等。D选项“他们想种植大麻”:根据第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.(SteveGaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的一个农场定居,但由于该组织的一些成员因种植大麻被捕,他们不得不离开。),可知种植大麻不是退出社会的原因。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第三句agroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates(这个团体自称“theHogFarm”的团体,住在旧学校房子里,周游美国),可知D选项“在旧学校房子里”正确。A选项“在田纳西州的农场”:根据第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee(SteveGaskin的追随者试图在田纳西州的一个农场定居),可知这是SteveGaskin的追随者而非“theHogFarm”。B选项“在亚利桑那州的古迹”C选项“在圆顶的房子里”:根据第一段第五、六句AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”…theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.(一群艺术家在科罗拉多州南部建立了一个名为“DropCity”的公社……他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。),可知这里指的是“DropCity”而非“theHogFarm”。因此D选项正确。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第六句FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.(按照哲学家和建筑师BuckminsterFuller的想法,他们用旧汽车的碎片建造了圆顶状的房子。),可知B选项“BuckminsterFuller”正确。A选项“SteveGaskin”,C选项“PaoloSoleri”和D选项“B.G.Skinner”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第二句TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.(TwinOaks社区在20世纪60年代末于弗吉尼亚州成立,它基于心理学家B.F.Skinner的想法。),可知A选项“心理学家的想法”正确。B选项“人们必须紧密生活在一起的信念”,C选项“做自己的事情的哲学”和D选项“60年代末的弗吉尼亚”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章倒数第二句autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”(一个乌托邦城市亚利桑那,在这里2500人将紧密地生活在一个叫做“archeology”大建筑物里),可知这个乌托邦城市地点在亚利桑那,在“archeology”中人们紧密地生活在一起,D选项“人们住在一起的巨大建筑”正确,A选项“亚利桑那州的一个城市”错误。B选项“一种控制人的技巧”和C选项“研究考古学的人”:文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

问题1选项

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】比较级用法。

【解题思路】Strong的比较级是在其后面直接加er,所以要把morestrong改为stronger。该题选择C项。

【句意】航天飞机上使用的发动机比汽车上使用的要大得多,也更坚固。

18.单选题

Ifounditdifficultto()mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。intensify使增加,加剧;amend修改;reconcile使顺从,和解;consolidate合并,巩固,加强。句意:我发现很难让我的事业抱负()抚养孩子的需求。reconcilewith意为“使一致,和好,调解”,因此C选项符合句意。

19.单选题

Themanhadto()theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕,包围”;B选项circle“盘旋,环绕……移动”;C选项observe“观察,遵守”;D选项view“观察,考虑”。句意:为了熟悉飞机的操纵,这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。

20.单选题

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso(

).

问题1选项

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。threatening“危险的;胁迫的;凶兆的”;riveting“非常迷人的;吸引人的”;conniving“纵容的;默许的”;fearsome“可怕的;害怕的”。句意:英国小说家威廉•萨克雷认为对罪犯的狂热崇拜是相当危险的,所以他批评狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》让小偷厨房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B项符合语境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才让人崇拜。

21.单选题

Thephrase“agriefago”(

)fromtheconventionalnormthatweshouldputaperiodoftimesuchas“fiveminutes”before“ago”.

问题1选项

A.deviates

B.disconnects

C.detaches

D.distortes

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deviate“使脱离,偏离”;B选项disconnect“拆开,使分离”;C选项detach“分离,派遣”;D选项distort“扭曲,变形”。根据句子的主语“phrase短语”和介词from,可知空格意思为“偏离”,四个选项中deviatefrom有“偏离……”的意思,最符合空格意思,故正确答案选A。

22.单选题

Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth(

).

问题1选项

A.allthatmuch

B.thatmuchall

C.thatallmuch

D.muchallthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查限定词词序。限定词的排序:前位限定词(指量限定词all,both,half等;倍数词、分数词等)+中位限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格)+后位限定词(序数词、基数词,数量词及短语many,much,little,few,plentyof,alotof)。

句意:商店里的东西都太贵了;我不会付200美元买这件毛皮大衣,因为它根本不值这么多钱。

23.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

问题2选项

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

问题3选项

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

问题4选项

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是这篇文章提到的关于人的思想的信息。录音开头提到:据估计,人们几乎一半的清醒时间都在幻想(peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours),C选项“醒着的时候,几乎有一半的时间都在走神”与之表述一致,因此正确。干扰项是A选项“倾向于沉湎于他们快乐的经历”,录音中提到的是他们更倾向于谈论愉快的话题(pleasanttopics),因此A选项不正确;B选项“大脑受伤后很难集中注意力”和D选项“容易受到负面情绪的影响”在录音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问研究人员开发这款新软件的目的是什么?录音提到,在一项实验中,研究人员开发了一款应用程序来分析幻想和幸福之间的关系(analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness),D选项“找出幸福是如何与幻想关联的”是此信息的同义表述,因此正确。A选项“健康与幻想的关系”;B选项“看看为什么幻想会影响一个人的行为”;C选项“观察一个人的思想如何影响他的行为”均不正确。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问根据一些研究者的说法,幻想是怎样使人受益的?录音中也提到了幻想的好处:研究发现,它给了我们思考目标的机会,而且似乎还能提高创造力(increasecreativity),A选项中的contributesto是录音中increase的同义替换,因此A选项正确;B选项“有助于清晰思考”;C选项“帮助他们挖掘潜力”;D选项“有助于他们做出正确的决定”均不正确。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问那个有145名本科生参加的实验发现了什么?录音最后提到,当所有参与者进行第二组任务时,“幻想者”的表现比其他人好40%(thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers),由此可知,A选项“幻想者在做任务时的表现优于非幻想者”与之表述一致,因此正确。由上也可排除B选项“非幻想者比幻想者更专注于自己的任务”和C选项“两组之间的表现差异不明显”;而D选项“有明确目标的受试者的表现优于没有明确目标的受试者”在录音中并没有提及明确目标这一信息,因此错误。

24.单选题

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience().

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed().

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans().

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

问题2选项

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

问题3选项

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

问题4选项

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

问题5选项

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫,而疲惫会使你更难工作,进而导致疲惫加重,于是进入恶性循环,受阻不前,影响进度。因此,B项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知,我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务,这种情况就是start-upfatigue。因此,C项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知,解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此,本题选择D项正确。

4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的,难以解决超越的。A

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