考研考博-英语-安徽工商职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽工商职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,jobseekersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully;thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

问题1选项

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】

【解析】逻辑关系。句意:对于大多数在线委托招聘服务，找工作的人必须小心选择他们的话语，否则搜索引擎不可能找到正确的匹配。

therefore因此；所以whereas然而；鉴于；反之provided假如；倘若otherwise否则。

2.单选题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

问题2选项

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

问题3选项

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

问题4选项

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

问题5选项

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（这是一种自我反省，在不同时期，涉及到责任、创作自由和企业底线等问题。）通过这句话我们可以推测出，华纳对于自己社会责任的无视，因此C选项“对社会责任的忽视”正确。而A选项“它提高了公司的股票价格”，这是确有其事，但并不是议员批评它的原因；B选项“它的灵魂的自我反省”，他们有没有反省并不确定；D选项“它强调创作自由”，这个也不是参议员的观点。

2.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（对他来说，说唱带来的不安并没有使生活变得更轻松。）并且后文讲述了华纳因为发行的一些说唱歌曲而遭到抨击，因此说唱给他带来的应该是不好的事，因此A选项“争论”正确。B选项“恐惧”，不符合原意；C选项“不幸，灾难”，语义过重；D选项“解决方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，时代华纳因发行Ice-T的暴力说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭到抨击。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。因此B选项“发布了一个宣扬暴力的唱片”正确。A选项“由于重组而被解雇的工人”；C选项“提倡街头文化”以及D选项“挑战民主社会的言论自由”都不正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有迹象表明，主席正在放弃他的强硬立场，至少在某种程度上是这样。）因此B选项“他缓和了语气，提出了一些新方案”正确。A选项“坚定捍卫言论自由的立场”；C选项“屈服于反对意见，从公司辞职”以及D选项“请求15名董事会成员无条件支持”都不是真实的。

5.判断推理题。从最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我们中的一些人已经知道很多很多年了，第一修正案规定的自由并不是完全的），可知，宪法第一修正案中的言论自由不是没有限制的，因此他们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。因此A选项“在公司里，利润和社会责任很少能齐头并进”正确。B选项“很少有人关心企业的责任”，过于片面；C选项“关于时代华纳政策的辩论很快就会牵涉到其他公司”，没有提及；D选项“时代华纳董事会对公司的政策意见不一”，不是真正的内涵。

3.单选题

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（）andhavedeterminedtheinventionsofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

问题1选项

A.abundant

B.affluent

C.sufficient

D.pleasant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Abundant“丰富的，充裕的”；affluent“富裕的，丰富的”；sufficient“足够的，充分的”；pleasant“令人愉快的，舒适的”。句意：那些使人们富裕并且决定了美国工业创新的大多数发明都与农业和食物生产相关。空格处所填的单词是作people的补足语，所以选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

问题1选项

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】划线词的宾语是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，从那些价值观中……本质。A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Afterhiswife'sdeath,hewasonthevergeofa（

）.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.breakout

C.breakin

D.breakthrough

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的妻子过世后，他陷入了崩溃的边缘。

考查形近词辨析。Breakdown崩溃,倒塌,损坏,故障;breakout逃脱,越狱;breakin打断,闯入,开始工作;breakthrough突破,突破性进展。由关键词hiswife’sdeath(他妻子的死亡)可知A符合句意。

6.单选题

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

问题2选项

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

问题3选项

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

问题4选项

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

问题5选项

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世纪后期，生态学从其自然历史和植物地理学的根源开始成长为一门独立的科学。由此可判断本题正确答案为D选项。A选项表示“社区生态学”，B选项表示“物种学科”，C选项表示“社区结构的研究”。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：根据FredericClements的理论，在火山爆发、洪水或森林大火之后……。根据题干关键信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落会在火山爆发、洪水或者森林火灾后形成。因此本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“只有喜光的物种才能生长”，C选项表示“森林很难生存”，D选项表示“很少植物能生长”。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生态演替受到多种因素的影响：土壤土质、暴露到阳光和风中、降水的规律性、定居生长的机会以及许多其它随机过程。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：根据文章可知，下面关于“climax”的表述哪个选项是不正确的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生态演替的最后一个阶段——顶级群落。可判断D选项正确。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一个成熟的群落中，物种组成通常也有很大的变化，可判断B选项错误。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影响生态演替的因素同样也影响顶级群落的性质，可判断A选项表述正确。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一个蚁群可能被合法地称为顶级群落，因为它的交流系统是高度组织化的，由此可判断C选项正确。综上所述，本题正确答案为B选项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：“生态群系”的概念强调的是……。根据题干关键信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根据“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的动植物群的组合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一种特定物种的分布是由该物种的栖息地需求控制的，由此可判断，本题正确答案为D选项。A选项表示“动物和植物之间没有实质性的相互影响”，B选项表示“植物群落总是依靠共存的动物生存”，C选项表示“在动物与植物的联系中有一种内在的凝聚力”。

7.单选题

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时的否定使用。非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C选项。句意：这本书写得不细心，有很多错误。在发现有很多错误的时候书已经完成了，所以需要使用完成时态，而书本的编撰是由人完成的，需要使用被动语态。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Itisdifficultto______ofaplantoendpoverty.

问题1选项

A.speculate

B.conceive

C.ponder

D.reckon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项speculate“推测；推断；投机；思索”；B选项conceive“怀孕；构思；以为；持有；设想；考虑”；C选项ponder“仔细考虑；衡量；考虑；沉思”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为；计算；猜想，料想”。conceiveof“设想；以为；想象；构思”。句意：想出一个消除贫困的计划是很难的。因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

修剪树木可能是为了确保树木有一个所要求的形状或大小。

传统上，电视一直是一种大众转播传媒。我们对电视最熟悉，因为它以一种相似的形式存在近50年了。

你可以相信，一个作家付出的努力越大，写作效果就会越好，得到的回报也就越大。

一个妇女当她扮演起多重角色的时候，她会感到更加幸福。

很明显，在一种体制下，如果每一项决定都只是根据传统习惯来做，那么，社会就会很难进步。

【答案】Thepurposeofpruningtreesistoensurethatthetreeshaveadesignedshapeorsize.

Traditionally,TVhadbeenakindofpopularbroadcastmedia.Wearemostfamiliarwithtelevision,foritisasimilarformofexistencefornearly50years.

Itisbelievedthatthemoreeffortawritermakesthebettereffecthewouldobtainandthegreaterresultshewillreceive.

Awomanwhoplaysmanyroleswouldfeelhappier.

Obviously,inasystem,ifeverydecisionmakingisbasedontraditionalhabits,thesocietywouldbeverydifficulttodevelop.

10.单选题

Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

问题1选项

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical“匀称的，对称的”；comparative“比较的，相当的”；compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious“和谐的，和睦的”。

句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?

6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween

（

）.

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby（

）.

问题1选项

A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.

B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.

C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.

D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.

问题2选项

A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.

B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.

C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.

D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.

问题3选项

A.Russian

B.OldSlavonic

C.TheAleuttongue

D.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.

问题4选项

A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.

B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.

C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.

D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch

问题5选项

A.English

B.Cyrillic

C.Aleut

D.Slavonic

问题6选项

A.RussianandAleut.

B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.

D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.

问题7选项

A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheory

B.weighingtheprosandconsofaplan

C.debatingaboutamoralissue

D.describingcausesandeffectsofevents

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要描述的是俄国统治时期和1867年美国管理阿拉斯加后，阿留申人的遭遇，其内容是从语言方面展开的。A选项“美国政府试图说服阿留申人把英语作为第二语言”只表达了美国管理阿拉斯加的一个方面；B选项“阿留申人忠于自己的语言，而美国人却不懂”前半句符合文意，但后半句在本文中并未提及；C选项“俄罗斯占领阿拉斯加为阿留申人创造了一种书面语言”也只表述了俄罗斯统治阿拉斯加的这一部分内容；D选项“美国和俄国在1867年前后对待阿拉斯加居民的方式”概括了本文内容，因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。本题需要找出阿留申人热爱自己语言的原因。本文第一段最后两句提到“Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.（俄国）对大部分成年阿留申人的屠杀导致依靠口口相传的部落只是的消失。因此，阿留申人把他们的语言视作唯一的文化遗产，且十分热爱自己的语言。”因此B选项“他们口头传播的部落知识被破坏”符合文意。

3.事实细节题。由排除法可知，第二句中提到了Russian俄语和OldSlavonic古斯拉夫语，第三句提到了1867年后学校里教授的English，因此唯一没有提到的是C选项“阿留申语”。

4.判断推理题。题干关键词thereligiousbelief“宗教信仰”并未直接出现在本文中，但仔细浏览可发现与宗教相关词汇。第二段中提到“theyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue他们必须学习古斯拉夫语，积极参加教会活动，并掌握读写他们自己的语言的技能”，这里说的教会必然与俄罗斯相关。且第三段第一句就说到“TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy对俄国东正教会的信徒来说，斯拉夫语的知识仍然是至关重要的，同样重要的还有与神职人员交谈时使用的俄语”，由此可推知当时阿留申人在被俄国统治时，是被俄罗斯人强制要求成为俄国东正教教徒的。D选项“俄国人强迫阿留申成为俄国东正教的成员”正确。A选项“在俄国占领之前，他们没有宗教信仰”在本文未提及之前是否有宗教信仰；B选项“美国商人和冒险家迫使他们放弃所有的宗教信仰”同样也没有在文章中直接提及；C选项“阿留申人在历史上从未有过一个有组织的宗教”与上述文意相悖，明显曾在一段时间内，阿留申人是俄国东正教教徒的。

5.事实细节题。接上题分析，第二段与第三段中均提到，在俄国东正教中，需要使用斯拉夫语。因此D选项正确。

6.判断推理题。本体需要找的是两个同类相似事物间的比较。文章最后一段第二句说到“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.俄语和阿留申语表面上按字母顺序相似，却把这两种语言联系得如此紧密，以至于任何对俄语教学的限制都被理解为试图根除阿留申语。”因此相似的是俄罗斯语和阿留申语。A选项正确。

7.主旨大意题。本题偏向文章结构，需要找出作者的写作思路或文章线索。在第一题的分析中就提到，本文主要讲述俄国和美国统治时期，阿拉斯加的阿留申人的遭遇，其中主要讲述了语言方面的发展历程，在这个过程中阿留申人变得热爱自己的语言。因此也就是描述不同统治时期的政策及其结果，D选项“描述事件的原因和结果”符合题意。

12.单选题

Itissome15millionHindus,SikhsandMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

问题1选项

A.division

B.turmoil

C.fusion

D.consolidation

【答案】A

【解析】1947年印度和巴基斯坦的……导致约1500万印度教徒、锡克教徒和穆斯林卷入了印度和巴基斯坦之间混乱的公民流动中。可知partition必然与“分割、隔离”相关。A选项division“分割”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚动”；C选项fusion“融合”；D选项consolidation“巩固，合并”。只有A选项是partition的近义词。

13.单选题

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneasywaywithourrichlanguage.Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof“someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime”willbebetterthanhisown.

AmericanprofessorsofEnglishhaveneverhadaneasytimewithFrenchtheoreticiansofthenovel(closescrutinyofthequotationfromBarthesrevealsthatitwastakenfromanEnglishnotanAmericantranslation).Nevertheless,despitevarioushedgeslike“mayinevitably,”ProfessorHalperinhasrecklesslyenrolledhimselfintheschoolofParis(classof56).Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel“isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself.”Asidefromthepresumptionofpretendingtoknowwhatanywriterhasinmind(isheinevitablybutnotconsciouslydescribingormimickingtherealworld?),itisnativetoassumethataman-madenovelcaneverresembleameteorfallenfromouterspace,aperfectlyautonomousartifactwhoseraisondetreis“withtherelationshipsamongthevariousstructuralelementswithintheworkoffictionitself”ratherthan“betweenreaderandtext.”ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from“thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.”Andso,indubiousbattle,unconscioussentienciesclashintheEnglishdepartmentsoftheWestwithinsentientconsciousnesses.

Ingeneral,ProfessorHalperin’snovel-theoristshavenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature.Whythendotheywritewhentheyhavenothingtosay?Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.Theresultofallthisbook-chatcannotinterestanyonewhoknowsliteraturewhilethosewhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutbookscanonlybemystifiedanddiscouragedbythesecommentaries.CertainlyitisnoaccidentthatthenumberofstudentstakingEnglishcourseshasbeenindeclineforsomeyears.Butthatisbesidethepoint.Whatmattersisthattheeffortsoftheteachersnowunderreviewadduptoatleastahalfmillenniumofacademictenure.

Rebirthofthenovel?Thatseemsunlikely.TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding.AmbitiousnovelistsarepoignantlyawareofthegeneraldeclineinwhatProfessorHalperinwouldcall“readingskills”.MuchofMr.DonaldBarthelme’smeanstobeironic.Ofcourseheknowshisbookisnotveryinterestingtoread,butthenlifeisnotveryinterestingtoliveeither.Hopefully,asProfessorHalperinwouldsay,thebookwillself-destructonceithasbeenrituallypraisedwhereverEnglishistaughtbutnotlearned.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJohnHalperin’scredentialsandpastpublicationsisbestdescribedas（

）.

2.Theauthorarguesthatcontemporaryliterarycriticismproducedbytheacademy（

）.

3.Theauthordifferentiatesbetweentwotypesofnovels:

（

）.

4.Theauthoriscriticaloftheideathatthenovel

（

）.

5.TheauthorofthisessaybelievesthatHalperin（

）.

问题1选项

A.collegial

B.condescending

C.compassionate

D.cynical

问题2选项

A.isstronglyinfluencedbycriticalworkswrittenbyFrenchphilosophers

B.isusefulonlyinsofarasissecuresitsauthor’sacademiccareer

C.reflectsanunhealthysenseofnihilism

D.servesasanexampleoftheinterface“betweenreaderandtext”

问题3选项

A.oneartfullycreatedforpeoplewholovetoread,theothersloppedtogetherforscholasticanalysis

B.onewell-writtenandintendedforscholars,theotherpoorly-writtenandintendedforthepublic

C.thos