考研考博-英语-山东中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

SpywriterJohnLeCarrehitthe______withhiscausticportrayalofthecity’smixofdrearinessandinternationalintrigueinhis1968novel,ASmallTowninGermany.

问题1选项

A.house

B.home

C.place

D.headline

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hittheheadlines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰•勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说《德国小镇》中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hittheheadlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Despite（

）effortsbythefinanceminister,inflationroseto36points.

问题1选项

A.absurd

B.grimy

C.valiant

D.fraudulent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。absurd“不合理的，荒谬的，可笑的，愚蠢的”；grimy“污秽的”；valiant“勇敢的，英勇的”；fraudulent“欺诈的，欺骗的”。句意：尽管财政部长做了无畏的努力，通货膨胀还是上升到了36点。选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中国人的住宅

从前中国人在盖房子的时候，都要先请人看风水，看似迷信，也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法，任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐，而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人，会觉得自己不是关在笼子里，而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以，中国人盖房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的阳光和夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉，住在里面非常舒服。

【答案】Chinesepeopleusedtoinviteexpertstoadvisetheminfengshuiprinciplesbeforebuildingahouse.Itseemstobesuperstitious,butsomehowmakessense.AccordingtotheChinesepeople,nobuildingshouldmartheharmonyofnature,butinsteadblendintonature.Thoselivinginsuchhouseswouldnotfeelconfinedincages,butasiftheywerelivinginserenenature.Thus,Chinesehousesusuallyfacethesouthsoastohavewarmsunshineinwinterandcoolbreezesinsummer.Thehouse,warminwinterandcoolinsummer,iscomfortableforaccommodation.

4.单选题

RockstarEricClaptonbecame（）toheroininthelate60sandhadtogoaspecialclinicfortreatment.

问题1选项

A.indulged

B.addicted

C.hooked

D.dependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。A选项indulged“沉溺”，常见搭配beindulgedin“沉溺于……”；B选项addicted“上瘾”，常见搭配beaddictedto“对……上瘾”；C选项hooked“钩住；抓住”，常见搭配behookedon“被迷住”；D选项dependent“依赖的”，常见搭配dependenton“依靠”。句意：摇滚明星埃里克•克拉普顿六十多岁时对海洛因上瘾，必须去特殊诊所接受治疗。根据关键词heroin“海洛因”是毒品，一旦沾上就容易上瘾。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Anabstractis（

）

formofanacademicarticle.Manyjournalspublishabstractssoreaderscandecideifitisworthwhiletoreadthefullversionofthearticle.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.comprehensive

C.concrete

D.conceptual

【答案】A

【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfailuponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

问题1选项

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。fiction“小说，虚构”；function“作用，功能”；fraction“小部分”；friction“摩擦”。句意：我们仅仅感受到偶然落入我们感觉器官的光和声音的小部分，大部分已经与我们擦肩而过。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delightful“可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项responsible“负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项industrious“勤勉的”；D选项smart“聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。

8.单选题

Agoodleaderknowswhatarepracticalquestionsandalsoheknowswhento（）andwhentofight.

问题1选项

A.compromise

B.struggle

C.advance

D.flee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。compromise"妥协,让步";struggle"努力,挣扎";advance"前进,进展";flee"逃跑,消失"。句意:一个好的领导者知道什么是实际问题,他也知道什么时候应该（）,什么时候应该战斗。填空处应该和fight相对应,选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity“罕见，珍贵”；preliminary“初步行动；准备工作”；inefficiency“效率低；无效率”；invalidity“无效，无价值。”“被暴风雨袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺，因此选项A符合题意。

10.不定项选择题

Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.

Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive(认知的)behavioraltherapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.

TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.

AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized(随机的)controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcarefromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground,severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofantidepressants(抗抑郁药).

Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.

“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick,aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool.“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”

Beingdepressedcanmeanfeeling“lostinyourownsmall,negative,darkworld,”Dowricksays.Havingaperson,insteadofacomputer,reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation.“Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing,”hesays.

1.WhatdoestherecentstudysayaboutonlineCBTprograms?

2.WhathasmadeonlineCBTprogramsincreasinglypopular?

3.WhatisthemajorfindingbyresearchersattheUniversityofYork?

4.WhatisProfessorDowrick’sadviceconcerningonlineCBTprograms?

5.Whatismoreimportanttoanemotionallyvulnerableperson?

问题1选项

A.Patientsmaynotbeabletocarrythemthroughforeffectivecure.

B.Patientscannotengagewiththemwithouttheuseofacomputer.

C.Theycansavepatientstroublevisitingphysicians.

D.Theyhavebeenwellreceivedbyalotofpatients.

问题2选项

A.Theireffectivenessincombatingdepression.

B.Thelowefficiencyoftraditionaltalktherapy.

C.Theireasyandinexpensiveaccessbypatients.

D.Therecommendationbyprimarycaredoctors.

问题3选项

A.OnlineCBTprogramsarenomoreeffectivethanregularcarefromphysicians.

B.Theprocessoftreatingdepressionisoftenmorecomplicatedthananticipated.

C.ThecombinationoftraditionalCBTandcomputerizedCBTismosteffective.

D.Depressionisamentalconditionwhichistobetreatedwithextremecaution.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldnotbeneglectedinprimarycare.

B.Theireffectivenessshouldnotbeoverestimated.

C.Theyshouldbeusedbystrictlyfollowinginstructions.

D.Theiruseshouldbeencouragedbydoctorsandtherapists.

问题5选项

A.Apositivestateofmind.

B.Appropriatemedication.

C.Timelyencouragement.

D.Humaninteraction.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“最近的研究对在线认知行为疗法项目说了什么？”。根据题干关键词recentstudy和onlineCBT定位到文章第一段第二句arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.（最近的一项研究表明它们并不有效，主要是因为抑郁症患者不太可能与它们接触或坚持使用），结合第二段foundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor（发现它对抑郁症的治疗效果并不比初级保健医生给患者提供的普通护理更有效），由此可知，在线CBT项目并不比医生提供的护理更有效，而且抑郁症患者不太会与之建立有意义的联系或者坚持使用，所以A项“病人或许不能为了有效治疗而坚持到最后”符合题意。B项“如果不使用电脑，患者就无法与它们交流”，原文提到的是患者不太可能和它们交流，B项错误；C项“它们可以省去病人去看医生的麻烦”和D项“它们得到了很多患者的好评”在这两段没有提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“是什么让在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎？”。根据第三段最后一句However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.（然而，在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎，因为它可以在任何可以使用电脑的地方提供低成本的帮助）可知，在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎是因为只要使用电脑，就可以获得低成本的帮助，故C项“病人可以方便和便宜地获得它们”正确。A项“它们对抗抑郁症的有效性”，文章前两段还提到了在线CBT项目对抑郁症的治疗效果并不比初级保健医生给患者提供的普通护理更有效，所以A项表述错误；第三段第一句提到TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression（传统的CBT被认为是治疗抑郁症的一种有效的谈话疗法）可知B项“传统谈话疗法的低效率”错误；D项“初级保健医生的建议”文中没有提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“约克大学研究人员的主要发现是什么？”。根据题干可定位到文章第四段，该段介绍了这个实验的内容，接着第五段讲述了这个研究的发现，Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.（四个月后，使用计算机化的CBT程序的患者的抑郁水平没有比只接受医生常规治疗的患者有所改善）可知，A项“在线CBT项目并不比医生的常规护理更有效”正确。B项“治疗抑郁症的过程往往比预期的更复杂”和D项“抑郁是一种精神状况，需要极其谨慎的治疗”在这两段没有体现；C项“传统CBT与计算机化CBT相结合是最有效的”，该项是无中生有，文章并没有体现两种CBT结合治疗的有效性。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“关于在线CBT项目，多瑞克教授有什么建议？”。根据题干定位到文章第六段，“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick…“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”（多瑞克说：“这是一个重要的警示，我们不应该过度沉迷于计算机系统可以取代医生和治疗师的想法，我们仍然需要人与人之间的接触或互动，尤其是在人们抑郁的时候”），由此我们可知，多瑞克教授认为治疗抑郁症仍然需要人与人的面对面交流，不应纯粹的依赖计算机，因为它们的效力没有想象的高，所以B项“它们的效力不应该被高估”符合题意。A项“在初级保健中不应忽视它们”和D项“医生和治疗师应该鼓励使用它们”内容与原文不符；C项“应该严格按照说明书使用它们”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“对一个情感脆弱的人来说，什么更重要？”。文章最后一句话提到Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing.（当你情绪脆弱时，你更需要有人关心你），可知对一个情感脆弱的人来说，人们之间的交流和关心是最重要的，所以D项“人际互动”正确。A项“积极的心态”和B项“适当的药物”不符合原文意思；C项“及时鼓励”只是其中一个方面，太片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（

）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如联合王国（英国）的其它地方那样，义务教育在苏格兰开始于5岁，

结束于16岁。

考查形容词辨析。Compelling引人入胜的,扣人心弦的,非常强烈的,不可抗拒的;forced被迫的,不得已的,勉强的;obliged有义务的;compulsory(因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的，强迫的。此处指国家对义务教育的规定,故D符合句意。

12.单选题

问题1选项

A.Totakeacoupleofdaysoff.

B.Totakesomesleepingpills.

C.Tofollowtheman’sadvice.

D.Tostopcomplaining.

【答案】C

【解析】13.W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleepatnight?ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:That’snotnecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsatwork.JustdoasIsaid,andyou’llsleepwell.

Q:Whatisthewomanexpectedtodo?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个女士需要做什么？由文中“JustdoasIsaid,andyou’llsleepwell.（照我说的话去做，你可以睡个好觉）”，可知C选项“Tofollowtheman’sadvice（遵从男士的建议；医嘱）”符合原文。A选项“休息几天”；B选项“吃几片安眠药”；D选项“停止抱怨”不符合原文。

13.单选题

Whatexactlyisalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou.Yousay,"IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI'mshortofmoneymyself."Infact,youarenotshortofmoneybutyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisdebtsandyoudon'twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?

ProfessorJerealdJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahasmadeascientificstudyoflying.Accordingtohim,womenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga"whitelie",suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksawful.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.

Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewayofpeople'sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthetime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.Tothetrainedobservertheyaresaying“IwishIweresomewhereelsenow”.Theyalsotendtotouchcertainpartsofthefacemoreoften,inparticularthenose.Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuremakesititch（痒）.

AnothergesturewhichgivesliarsawayiswhatthewriterDesmondMorrisinhisbookManWatchingcalls“themouthcover”.Hesaysthereareseveraltypicalformsofthis,suchascoveringpartofthemouthwithfingers,touchingtheupper-liporputtingafingerofthehandatonesideofthemouth.Suchagesturecanbeinterpretedasanunconsciousattemptonthepartoftheliartostophimselforherselffromlying.

Ofcourse,suchgesturesasrubbingthenoseorcoveringthemouth,ormovingaboutinachaircannotbetakenasproofthatthespeakerislying.Theysimplytendtooccurmorefrequentlyinthissituation.Itisnotonegesturealonethatgivestheliarawaybutawholenumberofthings,and,inparticular,thecontextinwhichthelieistold.

1.Onesometimestellsone'sfrienda“whitelie”becauseonewantsto

（

）.

2.Oneresearchsuggeststhatwomen（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Peoplemayrubtheirnoseswhentheyliebecause

（

）.

5.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.makeaprofitfromtheotherperson

B.avoidoffendingtheotherperson

C.convincetheotherperson

D.havesomefun

问题2选项

A.generallylifefarmorethanmen

B.tendtotellmoreseriousliesthanmen

C.makemorepromisestheycanfulfillthanmen

D.arebetterattellinglessseriousliesthanmen

问题3选项

A.politicianstendtotellintentionallies

B.menarelessskilledattellinglies

C.businessmenseldombreaktheirpromises

D.womentendtomakefalsepromises

问题4选项

A.theysufferfromhighbloodpressureatthetime

B.thenoseisthemostsensitivepartofthehumanbody

C.thenoserevealstheliarmoreeasilythantheotherpartsoftheface

D.theydosoinordertostopthemselvesfromtellingmorelies

问题5选项

A.liescaneasilybedetectedbycarefulobservers

B.liesareusuallyaccompaniedbystrangegestures

C.peopleareabletotellaliewhentheyhearotherslying

D.aliarmaygiveawayhisorherintentionunconsciously

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据下文的举例：比如一个女士在派对上对另一个女士说，她喜欢她的衣服，而实际上她觉得它看起来很糟糕。由此可推测，这样说是为了避免冒犯他人，选项B正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies...”其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说一些更严重的谎言。选项D是对原文的反向表达，意思是一致的，所以正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.”这是政客和商人应该特别擅长的谎言：说谎者希望从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。由此可推测，政客们倾向于故意说谎，选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段的最后两句“Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuremakesititch.”对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。鼻尖对于这种变化非常敏感，血压增加会使它发痒。选项A符合原文。

5.推理判断题。本题可采用排除法。选项A和C在文中没有提及；选项B符合原文；选项D无法直接从文中的信息推导出来，所以选项B更恰当。

14.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingfiveunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

Warningandothersignsblamedfortwomillionaccidents

NearlytwomilliondriversintheUKhavehadaccidentsdueto“BabyOnBoard”signsandchildren'stoysthatobscuretheirview,accordingtoalarmingnewresearch.

Onein20motoristssaysstickersandplaytimeparaphernaliaaretoblameforacollision-equivalentto1.85millionofBritain's37milliondrivers.

1.TherevelationtriggeredawarningbyroadsafetycharityBraketocutdownonclutterinthecar.

DeputychiefexecutiveJulieTownsendsaid“BabyOnBoard”signsareusefulinalertingtheemergencyservicesthatachildmaybeinvolvedintheeventofacrash.

“Thishelpcanbecomeahindranceifdriversdisplaysignswhentheirchildisn'tinthevehicle，”shesaid.

2.“Worsestillisthedangerthatcanbeposedbydriversblockingouttheirviewbystainingwindowswithlotsofsign.”

“Drivers1priorityshouldalwaysbegettingtheresafelywithoutputtingthemselves,youngpassengersorotherroadusersatrisk.”

3.AsurveycommissionedbypricecomparisonwebsiteCfoundthat37percentofparentshavedisplayedsignsandfouroutoffiveofthembelievetheyimprovesafety

4.But46percentadmitdoingsoatalltimes—regardlessofwhetherornottheirchildisinthecar—and15percentconfesstheyonlyhavethemfortheirnoveltyvalue.

Thepollof2,000driversalsofoundthat46percentofdriversregardthemasahazardand33percentsaytheyaretacky.

“Therearebenefitsanddangersto“BabyonBoard”signs.5.Theycanofferusefulinformationfornursesinthecaseofacrashbuthavingtoomanynoveltyitemsdisplayedcouldbeasafetyissue,”saidaConfused,comspokesman.

【答案】1.因此，道路交通安全慈善机构Brake提醒大家清理车辆的相关物品。

2.“更糟的是，如果车主在车窗上散乱地贴了很多车贴，会妨碍视线，造成危险。”

3.比价网站C开展的一项调查发现，37%的父母使用了车贴，其中4/5相信这能使行驶更安全。

4.但有46%的受访者承认，不管孩子在没在车里，他们都会使用车贴，还有15%承认自己这样做只是因为新奇有趣。

5.在遇到交通事故时，这种车贴可以为医护人员提供有用的信息，但如果车上贴了太多花里胡哨的车贴，就会造成安全隐患了。”

15.单选题

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

问题1选项

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；B选项further“促进，助长”；C选项induce“诱导”；D选项reinforce“加强，巩固”。根据句意：追求享乐对于雇员而言肯定不能促进他们晋升。选项B更符合语境。

16.单选题

Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople’sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeoplehavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,poems,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident;thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior:whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodemworld,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionsets,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohlerinreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat“people”wereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology.

Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphumanrelation,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.

Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves,butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings.FromEcclesiastestoFreud,ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically,whyshouldonedevelopatheorycarryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterarydocumentationbutmeagerscientifictreatmentisingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicsinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause（

）.

2.Theauthor’statementthat“psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences”issupportedbywhichofthefollowingclaimsinthepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe（

）.

4.Theauthorreferstopeoplewhoareattractedto“pessimisticdebunkingwritings”inordertosupportwhichofthefollowingideas?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumrelationsis（

）

问题1选项

A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy

B.earlyscientistweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld

C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatebeobvious

D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations

问题2选项

A.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious

B.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive

C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesisrelativelyadvanced.

D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch.

问题3选项

A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors

B.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived

C.improvedbyspecializedtraining

D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations

问题4选项

A.Interestingbooksabouthumanrelationsaretypicallypessimistic.

B.Peopletendtoignorescientificexplanationsofhumanrelations.

C.Peoplerarelyholdpleasingillusionsaboutthemselves.

D.Ascientificapproachtohumanrelationswouldunderminethepleasingillusionspeopleholdofthemselves.

问题5选项

A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety

B.considerablymoreaccurateinsomesocietiesthaninothers

C.typicallyunrelatedtoanindividual’sinteractionswithotherpeople

D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第三段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一认为，科学会摧毁人们有关自身的自负的、乐观的幻想；Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically.还有人提出，正是因为我们对人直觉地了解得那么多，所以就缺乏动力来科学地研究它们。确定C选项‘科学研究人际关系似乎是研究明显的表象‘正确。

2.根据第一段：“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior：“直觉的”知识可以是非常透彻的并且大大有助于我们去理解人的行为。确定B选项‘常识性知识了解人际关系能了解得很深刻透彻‘正确。A选项’人际关系的全部意义可能不明显‘，这不是心理学占据独特地位的根本原因。C选项’在自然科学中，直觉性知识是相当先进的‘，这与原文矛盾，原文说的是直觉性知识在自然科学领域中相当原始（低级）。D选项’主观偏见难以控制心理学研究‘文章未提及。

3.根据第一段：Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived：换句话说，普通人非常了解自身和其他人，尽管这种了解没有得到系统阐述，或者只是模糊地体会到。确定B选项‘即使模糊地体会到，也能更深的了解‘正确。

4.根据最后一段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一认为，科学会摧毁人们有关自身的自负的、乐观的幻想。确定C选项‘人们很少能坚持有关自身的乐观幻想’符合题意。

5.根据第一段：Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.但是，如果我们从世界上去掉全部科学心理学的知识，人际关系中的许多问题还是可以和以前一样很容易地去处理和解决。我们仍然会“知道”如何躲避别人要我们做的事情和如何使某人同意我们的意见；我们仍然会“知道”，什么时候某人生气了、什么时候某人高兴了。人们甚至能够提出许多合乎情理的解释，来说明自身行为和感情的许多原因。确定D选项‘一般足以正确到使人与人之间交往很顺当’正确。

17.单选题

Conniewastoldthatifsheworkedtoohard,herhealthwould（）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorate

B.descend

C.degrade

D.decay

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”，B项descend“下降，下去”，C项degrade“贬低，使……降级”，D项decay“衰退，衰减”，表示社会、机构、制度等方面的衰退。根据前面的关键词health（健康），可猜测空格部分应该表示“变坏，变差”。句意：康妮被告知，如果她工作太辛苦，她的身体会变坏。故该题选择A项正确。

18.单选题

Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.

问题1选项

A.talking

B.speaking

C.addressing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项talk“说，谈话”；B选项speak“讲话，发言”；C选项address“演讲，致词”；D选项discuss“讨论”，四个选项意思相近，但是talk强调动作双方沟通，speak侧重单方的讲话，address指在某活动或者工作中的发言，句意为：当你作为高管向一群经理演讲时，你可能会发现这些指导方针很有帮助。故选项C更符合题意。

19.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrasts,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutiveaftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerp