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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽财经大学商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.

问题1选项

A.Always

B.plastics

C.tohave

D.amultitudeof

【答案】A

【解析】根据题意,A选项句首应该为eversince“自从”,句意:自从发明了电影胶片,人们发现塑料有很多商业和工业的用途。选项A符合题意。

2.不定项选择题

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat().

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto().

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

问题2选项

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

问题3选项

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

问题4选项

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

问题5选项

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

问题6选项

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

问题7选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.(城市居民打工族开始出现,工厂批量生产出低价商品,销往海外。),说明工厂产出低价商品在海外市场销售,由此可知外销市场在自由市场经济体制下一开始就是发展的基础。因此A选项“在其初始阶段,资本主义自由市场经济依赖于出口”正确。B选项“为海外市场生产是资本主义自由市场经济发展的第二个阶段”,C选项“出口市场对资本主义自由市场经济的发展并不像国内市场那样关键”与原文表述的意思相反,所以B,C错误。D选项“各国政府积极推动出口市场的扩大,以增加国家财富”,原文没有说到政府在整个经济发展过程里所扮演的角色,所以D错误。

7.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句an“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(他认为有一只由自我利益操控的“看不见的手”指引着自由经济),说明亚当•史密斯认为个人利益就像一只隐形的手,可以指引自由市场经济,也就是说自由市场经济不需要政府的干预,可以自我调节。因此C选项“资本主义自由市场经济可以自行调节”正确。A选项“资本主义自由市场经济需要一些政府的监管”,由原文onewithnogovernmentinterference(这是一只不掺有政府干预的手)可知,自由市场经济不需要政府的监管,所以A错误。B选项“工人在资本主义自由市场经济中被不公平地利用了”,由原文offeringthefairestcompensationtotheworker(为工人提供最公平的补偿)可知,这样的体系也将为工人带来最公平的待遇,所以B错误。D选项“资本主义自由市场经济需要被其他类型的经济体系所平衡”,由原文可知,史密斯的理论并未提及其他的经济体系,所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段倒数第二句Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.(这样导致以前工作在牧场的农奴似的人民现在发现自己依旧在工厂里如奴隶一般工作,领着可怜巴巴的薪水。),说明原来在乡下过着奴役般生活的人们移居到城市,结果仍然受到压迫,生活一点也没有改善。因此C选项“工人的生活条件没有改善”正确。A选项“他们中许多人的生活质量得到了提高”与原文表述的意思相反,所以A错误。B选项“不同种族和民族群体之间发生了冲突”,D选项“劳动者离开农村的迁移严重损害了农业生产力”在文中没有提及,所以B,D错误。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.(这是非常讽刺的,被人们认为是资本主义宿敌的马克思对于经济增长持相当传统的观念;马克思同意史密斯的观点,即经济增长是为人们所需要且必须的,但是他认为财富分配并没有达到应有的公平。),说明马克思一般被认定是资本主义的反对者,但具有讽刺意味的是,他对资本主义的看法却是传统的;他只是反对财富分配的方式,而非全面否定经济发展的价值。因此C选项“他同意一些资本主义原则”正确。A选项“他是自由市场资本主义的早期反对者”,原文没有说到是早期的反对者,所以A错误。B选项“他认为资本主义是不公平的”,D选项“他反映了梭罗的观点”在文中没有提及,所以B,D错误。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“rampant”可以定位到文中最后一段第三句Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.(另外,人口过剩、污染和气候变化等不受欢迎的经济迅猛增长的副产品已经把世界带到生态危机的边缘。),说明“rampant”在文中是指“猖獗、凶猛”的意思。因此D选项“不受约束”正确。A选项“理性”,B选项“适度”,C选项“规范”均不符合题意,所以A,B,C错误。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.(在过去的两百年里,自由市场经济模式给许多人带来了丰富的物质财富,以及医学、科学和技术方面的革命性进步。),说明自由市场资本主义带来的好处有物质财富、医学进步、科技发展,所以A选项“更好的医疗服务”,C选项“科学的进步”,D选项“物质的丰富”都属于自由市场资本主义带来的好处,排除A,C,D。B选项“人口膨胀”,由原文可知,人口过多是自由市场资本主义带来的危害,因此本题选B。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.(在他的观念里,这是一套完全不自由的经济系统。)讲的是某个人强烈反对自由市场经济体系的看法,C处前文说到梭罗反对“自由市场”,那么下文应该进一步解释说明文意,提供更多证据。因此该句放在C处最合适。

3.单选题

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______,soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exotic“奇异的,引人注目的”;gorgeous“极好的,华丽的”;luminous“发光的,发亮的”;spectacular“壮观的,惊人的”。句意:我手边上的指针会发光,所以我能在黑暗中看清时间。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Ihaveneverlaid()tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“声称……的权力,自称有知识等”。句意:我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。结合句意,故D为正确答案。

5.单选题

Tonyhasnottheleast()ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss()thebread-winner'sdeath.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...为代价;onthevergeof濒临于,

接近于;asaresultof因此,

由于;forthesakeof为了。句意:人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障,

以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Don’tlethiscriticism()you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

问题1选项

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“说服”;B选项concern“影响,牵扯”;C选项dismiss“解散,解雇”;D选项discourage“阻止,使气馁”。句意:不要因为他的批评而();他是那种喜欢对别人的行为吹毛求疵的人。本句表达的意思“不要因为他的批评而气馁”,因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.

Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstanceslossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialsourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequentlytheymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.

Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm’sbuildingorstock?Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall;itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.

Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothingoralmostnothingtorunhisbusinesswith.Iflossesweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss-thesamekindordifferent——mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.

1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith(

).

2.InParagraph3,“forcedtothewall”means“(

).

3.Theauthorthinksthat

).

4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill

).

5.Theword“curbed”inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto(

).

问题1选项

A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsociety

B.accidentsandlosses

C.businessfailures

D.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness

问题2选项

A.driventodespair

B.stayinginastrongposition

C.doingwell

D.climbingup

问题3选项

A.accidentsalwayshappen

B.abusinessmanshouldtakerisk

C.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsurance

D.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject

问题4选项

A.freesomebusinessfunds

B.addtobenefitsforemployees

C.relievesomemanagementproblems

D.provideforunexpectedincidents

问题5选项

A.checked

B.advanced

C.expanded

D.disturbed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开篇就提到保险在整个经济和社会福利中起着至关重要的作用,第二段讲述了保险在企业管理中是最重要的,第三、四段讲述了没有足够保险的企业会面临怎样的后果。因此D选项“保险对企业的重要性”符合题意。

第2题:词义题。driventodespair意为“陷入绝望”;stayinginastrongposition意为“保持强势”;doingwell意为“经营盈利”;climbingup意为“上升”。由后面的itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed可知前面表示不好的结果,因此选A。

第3题:观点态度题。文章主要讲述了保险对企业的重要性,因此C选项“企业应该有足够的保险”符合作者的观点。

第4题:推理判断题。文章第三四段提到了如果没有足够的保险,那么企业将遇到资金、意外事故、管理方面等问题,没有提到会增加员工福利,因此选B。

第5题:词义题。checked意为“选定的,有方格图案的”;advanced意为“先进的”;expanded意为“扩大的”;disturbed意为“扰乱的,心理失常的”。由前面的thebusinessisforcedtothewall可知此处表示不好的结果,itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed(它未来的运营受到了极大的……),因此选D。

9.单选题

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

问题1选项

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词with可引出分词独立结构,表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。A选项:动词不定式常作目的状语或表示将来的动作,不能引出陪衬性动作;B选项和D选项这两种形式不属于非谓语动词,排除;C选项现在分词表示陪衬性动作,符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Contentisthesubjectmatterofarchitecture,theelementinarchitecturalexpressionthatcommunicatesspecificmeaningsthat()tosocietythefunctionsandtechniquesofbuildings.

问题1选项

A.interpret

B.tell

C.identify

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】interpret解释,诠释;tell告诉,告知;identify证实;modify修饰,更改。句意:内容是建筑的主题,是建筑表达中传达特定意义的元素,向社会诠释建筑的功能和技术。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Thoughsometimes()alltoooftentechnologyisseenasapanaceaforthegreateconomic,social,andpoliticalchallengesfacingthenationasitembarksonthepathofmodernization.

问题1选项

A.expensive

B.effective

C.ignored

D.calamitous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:尽管技术有时(),但常常被视为应对高速经济发展和现代化道路中面临

的政治挑战的灵丹妙药。expensive昂贵的;effective有效的;ignored被忽视的;calamitous灾难的。因此,C项符合句意。

12.单选题

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally().

问题1选项

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项callfor“要求、提倡”;B选项callforth“唤起、鼓起”;C选项callup“召集、征召”;D选项callat“访问、拜访”,句意为:在这样一位要求安全措施超出实际要求的总统手下工作绝非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合题意,因此选A。

13.填空题

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改为bywhich

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句子结尾是修饰means的定语从句,means为事物,引导词用which,结合短语bymeans,确定bywhich正确。

【句意】由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要来源,具有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。竞争不仅本身有好处,它还是一种维护其他美国价值观的方式,如个人自由、机会均等、勤奋工作等。

14.单选题

Ifyouaskanagenttohelpyoufindanapartment,youhavetopayhima(

)beforeyoucanrentthehouse.

问题1选项

A.fine

B.premise

C.premium

D.visit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fine“罚款”;premise“前提,假定”;premium“额外费用,奖金,保险费”;visit“访问,参观”。句意:如果你让中介帮你找公寓,在你租房前需要支付额外费用给他。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Theschoolmaster()thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.

问题1选项

A.applauded

B.enhanced

C.elevated

D.clapped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同;称赞”;B选项enhance“提高;加强;增加”;C选项elevate“提高;举起;抬高”;D选项clap“拍手;鼓掌;轻轻拍打某人”。句意:校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Asisknowntoall,()wonderfulsenseofhumor.

问题1选项

A.Englishhas

B.theEnglishhas

C.theEnglishhave

D.theEnglishhad

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词用法。“the+形容词”结构用于表示性质或特征相同的一类人,则通常具有复数意义,如:Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.(富人不一定总比穷人幸福。),因此本题选C选项“theEnglishhave”,符合题意。句意:众所周知,英国人很有幽默感。综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。

17.单选题

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

问题1选项

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge轻推,唠叨;propel推进,驱使;divest剥夺;bump碰撞。句意:自1996年以来,福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母亲加入到劳动力大军中,福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项B符合句意。

18.单选题

Informerrevolutionarybaseareas,thepoverty-strickenpeoplecannotaffordtolivein______conditions.

问题1选项

A.gracious

B.decent

C.honorable

D.positive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽厚的;仁慈的”;B选项decent“像样的;相当好的”;C选项honorable“可敬的;保护声誉的;体面的”;D选项positive“积极的”。句意:在旧的革命根据地,贫困群众不能拥有______的生活条件。根据语境,B选项decent“像样的;相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理,意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery(

)whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious“有独创性的,机灵的”;empirical“经验主义的”;objective“客观的”;indignant“愤愤不平的”。句意:当被指出犯了错误时,史密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

问题2选项

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

问题3选项

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

问题4选项

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

问题5选项

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“通过引用诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔的例子,作者想表明……”。根据第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad(但他们却选择关注那些感觉糟糕的情感)和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.(最早的艺术形式,如绘画和音乐,是最适合表达快乐的。但从19世纪开始,越来越多的艺术家开始认为快乐是无意义的、虚假的,或者是最糟糕的,无聊的,就像我们从华兹华斯的水仙花到波德莱尔的恶之花。)可知,艺术家开始关注那些令人不快的情感,但最早的艺术形式都适合表达快乐,只是19世纪的某个时候,当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时,越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的,虚假的,甚至是令人厌倦的;因此,可推断出“艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点”。故D项“艺术家们已经改变了他们的兴趣焦点”符合题意。A项“诗歌不像绘画或音乐那样能表达快乐”,文中没有将诗歌、绘画和音乐对于快乐的表现力进行比较,因此不选;B项“艺术产生于积极和消极的情感”,这个选项没有错误,但不是文章引用诗人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表达的内容,所以不选;C项“今天的诗人较少怀疑幸福”,文中没有提到诗人,该项错误;故该题选D。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义猜测题。题干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根据题干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.(早期时候的人,生活被苦难包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽,生活几乎没有保障,寿命很短。在西方,在大众传媒和识字之前,最强大的大众媒体是教堂时刻提醒信徒,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们总有一天会成为虫子的食物。考虑到这一切,他们并不需要他们那些艺术也能令人扫兴。),前面提到了早期人们生活的苦难,从最后too这个词语可知他们不再需要增加一个令他们不快乐的事物;因此这里的“bummer”是表示不快乐的事情,即somethingunpleasant。A项“宗教的”,文章提到教堂只是举例说明早期人们生活的苦难;C项“令人愉快的”与文章不符;D项“商业的”这一段没有提到;故该题选B项“不愉快的”正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“在作者的观点中,广告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.(广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现,并伴随着它的出现,在这种商业文化中,幸福不仅仅是一种理想,而是一种意识形态),由此可知,作者认为广告并没有创造幸福,而是创造了幸福的意识形态;因此D项“创造幸福的幻觉,而不是幸福本身”符合题意;A项“是在反快乐艺术之后出现的”,文章说到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia(广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现),所以它们是同时出现的,因此该项错误;B项“是导致公众失望的原因”和C项“取代教会作为主要的信息来源”文中没有提到;故该题选D。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“从文章最后一段我们可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者讲述的是在今天这样一个快乐唾手可得的年代,我们必须记住一点,那就是,只有在面临巨大的失败和失望的风险后取得的才是真正的快乐;而今天我们需要艺术告诉我们死亡的象征,就像宗教曾经告诉我们的那样,那就是反快乐文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.(这是一个比丁香香烟更苦涩的信息,但不知怎的,却是一股新鲜空气),由此可以推断作者是想表达反快乐的艺术是令人不悦但却令人耳目一新;故B项“反快乐的艺术是令人不快的,但令人耳目一新”为正确选项。A项“幸福往往以悲伤告终”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意图,作者只是说宗教提醒人们各种痛苦的存在,而不是说幸福都会以悲伤告终;C项“痛苦应该被享受,而不是被拒绝”,文章中作者只是说人们需要接受痛苦,而不是说享受痛苦;D项“当经济繁荣时,反快乐的艺术繁荣起来”过度解读,故该题选B。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项是正确的?”。根据文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,wh

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