考研考博-英语-安康学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安康学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IthinkIwasatschool,（

）IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

问题1选项

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项andthen“于是，然后”;C选项orso“大约”;D选项evenso“虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意‘当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，……在和朋友度假。’应该是表示选择，所以A选项orelse“否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。

2.翻译题

Oneofthemostdifficultsituationsthataresearchercanencounteristoseeorsuspectthatacolleaguehasviolatedtheethicalstandardsoftheresearchcommunity.Itiseasytofindexcusestodonothing,butsomeonewhohaswitnessedmisconducthasanunmistakableobligationtoact.Atthemostimmediatelevel,misconductcanseriouslyobstructordamageone’sownresearchortheresearchofcolleagues.Morebroadly,evenasinglecaseofmisconductcanmalignscientistsandtheirinstitutions,resultintheimpositionofcounterproductiveregulations,andshakepublicconfidenceintheintegrityofscience.

【答案】看到或怀疑同事违反了研究界的伦理标准是研究人员可能遇到的最困难的情况之一。找个借口什么都不做很容易，但目睹了不当行为的人，显然有义务采取行动。从最直接的层面来说，不当的行为可能严重阻碍甚至毁掉自己或同事的研究。从更广泛的层面来说，即使只是一个不当的行为，也可以损害科学家及其机构声誉，导致实施适得其反的规定，并且动摇公众对科学诚信的信心。

3.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：这本书自从几年前出版以来已经出了八版。并且还在引起广泛的关注和激烈的争论。由此可知，C项(成为了很受欢迎的书)为正确答案。A:给美国人带来了痛苦。与原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美国引起人们的关注与争议，故与原文不符。D:介绍一个有魅力者的观点。与原文不符。

2.细节题。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反对电视中的广告并不是因为电视广告带来的利润太少。而是他认为对于以利益为导向的价值观的灌输是少数人对于公众的不负责任的行为。

3.推断题。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（电视使人们的脑子里充斥着大量的画面和形象）。故选B项(意识受到电视画面的影响)。

4.推断题。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感觉会变得迟钝，人也变得没精打彩，也就不能感受与体会到整个事件的过程。这样人们就只能被动的一个晚上坐在那达四个小时，看着电视屏幕，听着人工的声音),因此选C项(人会变得很被动)。

5.推断题。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(长期暴露在人造光下会改变人体细胞，这就是为什么它被用于某种医学治疗的原因),不难看出长时间暴露在电视人工的光线也有可能威胁人们的健康。

4.单选题

Hecould（）shadowyfigureofamanstandingamongthetrees.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.discern

C.disinterest

D.discover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disguise“掩饰；假装”；B选项discern“察觉出；识别”；C选项disinterest“使不关心；使没兴趣”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：他能够……站在树与树之间的人的模糊身影。根据关键词shadowyfigureofaman“一个人的模糊身影”，在句中他有这个能力识别出那个模糊的身影。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Legislationhasbeendevelopedthroughoutthe20thcenturyattemptingtoprotectemployeesfrom（）dismissalbytheiremployers.

问题1选项

A.unrecognizable

B.undeniable

C.unreachable

D.unjustifiable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unrecognizable“未被承认的，无法认出的”；deniable“不可否认的，无可争辩的”；unreachable“不能得到的；不能到达的”；unjustifiable“不合道理的；不能分辨的”。句意：发展贯穿整个20世纪的法律是为了保护员工，让他们不再被雇主无理由解雇。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

问题1选项

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。

考查短语辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用说。故D符合句意。

7.单选题

“Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,”JosephConradoncesaid.

问题1选项

A.mighty

B.prospective

C.odd

D.formidable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思议的”；A项mighty“强有力的”，B项prospective“未来的”，C项odd“古怪的”，D项formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：约瑟夫•康纳德（JosephConrad）曾经说过：“口头语言拥有神奇的力量。”根据句意可知C项正确。

8.单选题

Casesinvolvingyoungpeopleunder18areheardinspeciallyconstitutedchildrencourts.

问题1选项

A.junior

B.youth

C.infantile

D.juvenile

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项junior“年轻人（是一个相对的概念，比……年轻/低一等级）”；B选项youth“青年，青春（一般指10岁到20岁多一点的男青年）”；C选项infantile“婴儿的”；D选项juvenile“青少年的，幼稚的（是法律用语）”。句意：涉及18岁以下青少年的案件由专门设立的儿童法庭审理。由于原句是涉及到法庭案件，并且儿童是年纪稍小的，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact“接触”；D选项exposure“暴露”。句意：过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、产生癌症或造成其他身体上的损伤。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybeadescriptive（

）,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfoursroaringandwagginghistail.

问题1选项

A.analogue

B.analogy

C.analytic

D.node

【答案】B

【解析】句意:将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆哮着。

形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物;analogy比喻，相似;analytic分解的;anode阳极。题目中的Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelion这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。

11.案例题

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隐伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，当ErinWhite听到Obama成功赢得选举的消息，她感觉到肩上的担子减轻了。选项D符合原文。

根据第二段ErinWhite说的话“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她总是被一些问题所困扰，比如是否能成为自己想成为的人，在人生路上能走多远。选项B符合原文。

3根据第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以选项B正确。

4.

根据第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，选项D正确。

5.

根据关键词“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias这一部分的内容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以选项A与原文相符。

6.

根据关键词“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly这一部分的内容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，选项C符合原文。

7.

根据关键词“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles这一部分的内容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”选项C符合原文。

8.

根据关键词“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”这一部分第三段Effron说的内容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根据倒数第二段的内容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

12.单选题

WalterAnderson___theHoratioAlgerSocietythesameyearIdid.

问题1选项

A.joinstheranksof

B.jointherankof

C.joinedtherankof

D.joinedtheranksof

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.joinstheranksof成为……的一员B.jointherankof加入……的阶层

C.joinedtherankof加入了……的阶层D.joinedtheranksof成为了……的一员

【考察点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranksof，表示加入了……（团体或组织的成员）。句中thesameyearIdid是一个时间状语，Idid做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。

【句意】沃尔特•安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖•阿尔杰协会。

13.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Thisgreaterinterdependenceisnotlimitedtothefinancialsector.Thenewchallengesoftodayareglobalinnatureandtherefore,theydemandaglobalresponse.Thisappliestoissuessuchasclimatechange,eneigysecurity,terrorismprevention,traffickingandorganizedcrime.Wecannolongermeetthesechallengesbyclosingthedoorandsimplylookingafterourownhouse.Instead,wemustreachoutandseekcooperation,wherevercooperationismoreeffective.Theworldiscurrentlywitnessingthebroadestanddeepestwaveofglobalizationeverproducinggreatopportunitiesbutalsosomerisks.GlobalizationhashelpedhundredsofmillionsfrompovertyandprovidedbusinesseswiththepossibilitytoinvestandexpandabroaD.Butthosesamebusinessesknowthattheycannolongerliveonpastachievements.Whenwespeakofglobalization,itisimportanttounderstandthatopennessandinterdependencearetherulesofthegame.

Ourcooperationinthefightagainstclimatechangeisparticularlyimportant.Weallknowthatclimatechangeisreal,thatitiscausedbyhumanactivity,andthatitsconsequencesareuniversalandwillbefeltfirstandforemostbythepoorest.Itwillservelittlepurposeifothercountriesdonotjoinincommonaction.Yes,thereisacosttoreducingemissions,butthecostofglobalwarmingandnotjustinthelongtermisgoingtobefarhigher,includingforChina.

【答案】我们之间日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融领域。今天我们实际面临的许多新挑战都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同应对。这其中包括了气候变化、能源安全、制止恐怖主义、贩卖毒品和有组织犯罪等。我们已经不能以关起门来独善其身的方式应对这些挑战。相反，我们必须伸出双手寻求合作，因为合作能够更有效地解决这些问题。世界正经历着一波最为广泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，这为我们提供了巨大的机会，但同时也带来了一些风险。全球化已帮助数以亿计的人们摆脱了贫困，并且给企业提供了进行海外投资和扩张的机会。但那些企业也意识到不能够满足于自己过去取得的成就。提到全球化，我们必须清楚公开和相互依存是其游戏的规则。

我们在应对气候变化方面的合作尤其重要。我们现在都认识到气候的变化是实实在在的，这一变化由人类活动引发，其影响是全球性的并且将首先波及最贫困的人口。如果其他国家不参与共同行动，那么，我们的努力将不会产生结果。是的，我们将为减少温室气体排放付出代价，但我们可能在并不遥远的将来为全球变暖付出远高于此的代价，中国也不例外。

14.单选题

Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa（）sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.

问题1选项

A.lucrative

B.ostensible

C.orthodox

D.tentative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的，赚钱的”；B选项ostensible“表面的，假装的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；惯常的”；D选项tentative“不确定的，暂定的；犹豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿，他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard（1）totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivematerialmusttravelfromitsplaceofmanufacturetothepowerstation.（2）thepowerstationsthemselvesaresolidlybuilt,thecontainerusedfortransportofthematerialarenot.Unfortunately,thereare（3）onlytwomethodsoftransportavailable,（4）roadorrail,andbothofthese（5）closecontactwiththegeneralpublic,（6）theroutesare（7）topassnear,oreventhrough,（8）populatedareas.

Secondly,thereisaproblemofwasters.Allnuclearpowerstationsproducewasteswhich（9）willremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.Itis（10

）tode-activethesewastes,andsotheymustbestored（11

）oneoftheingeniousbutcumbersomewaysthatscientistshaveinvented.Forexample,theymustbeburiedundertheground（12

）sunkinthesea.However,these（13

）donotsolvetheproblemcompletely,theymerelystoreit,sinceanearth-quakecould（14

）openthecontainerslikenuts.

Thirdly,thereistheproblemofaccidentalexposure（15

）toaleakoranexplosionatthepowerstation.（16

）withtheothertwohazards,thisisnotverylikelyanddoesnotprovideaserious（17

）tothenuclearprogram,（18

）itcanhappen,astheinhabitantsofHarrisburgwilltellyou.

Separately,andduringshortperiods,thesethreetypesofriskarenogreatcauseforconcern.（19

）,though,andespecially（20

）muchlongerperiods,theprobabilityofadisasterisextremelyhigh.

问题1选项

A.related

B.connected

C.associated

D.affiliated

问题2选项

A.Hence

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.However

问题3选项

A.regularly

B.typically

C.normally

D.commonly

问题4选项

A.suchas

B.forexample

C.forinstance

D.namely

问题5选项

A.concern

B.involve

C.include

D.contain

问题6选项

A.since

B.although

C.while

D.so

问题7选项

A.bound

B.close

C.near

D.sure

问题8选项

A.much

B.heavily

C.closely

D.crowdedly

问题9选项

A.inmostcases

B.inthemostcases

C.inanycases

D.insuchcases

问题10选项

A.important

B.improbable

C.impossible

D.incredible

问题11选项

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

问题12选项

A.then

B.than

C.or

D.and

问题13选项

A.means

B.ways

C.measures

D.methods

问题14选项

A.crack

B.crash

C.clash

D.collide

问题15选项

A.attached

B.due

C.relevant

D.owing

问题16选项

A.contacted

B.compared

C.matched

D.contrasted

问题17选项

A.disapproval

B.disagreement

C.protest

D.objection

问题18选项

A.but

B.since

C.so

D.hence

问题19选项

A.Takingtogether

B.Takentogether

C.Havingtakentogether

D.Havingbeentakentogether

问题20选项

A.in

B.at

C.over

D.for

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】（1）这里表示与...相关,用relatedto。connectedto指与...相连接；associated后面通常接介词with；affiliatedto指使...隶属于。所以选项A符合原文。

（2）根据原文,电站本身是坚固的,用于运输材料的集装箱却不是。所以这里用Although表转折。Hence和Therefore都表因此；However用在此处句意不通。

（3）根据原文,不幸的是,只有两种运输方法。normally表通常地,一般地,通常强调其正常性；regularly定期地；typically典型地；commonly一般地,普通地,通常强调共性。所以,选项C更符合原文。

（4）namely也就是...,即是...；选项A,B,C都是比如,举例的意思。根据上一句,只有两种运输方法,也就是公路或铁路运输。不存在举例的情况,所以选项D正确。

（5）根据原文,这两种运输方法都涉及与公众的密切接触。concern比较侧重单纯的关联性,而involve指涉及到问题。所以选项B更符合原文语境。

（6）根据原文,后面的内容应该是对上一句的解析说明,所以用since表原因。

（7）boundto为习惯搭配,表示必然,一定会。句意：这些路线必然要经过人口密集地区附近。

（8）Heavilypopulatedareas指人口密集地区。指人口密集用副词heavily。

（9）inmostcases在大多数情况下,为固定搭配,没有定冠词the。inanycases无论如何；insuchcases在这种情况下。根据原文,所有的核电站都会产生废物,在大多数情况下,这些废物在数千年内仍具有放射性。选项A符合原文。

（10）根据原文,要使这些废物失去活性是不可能的。Improbable指不大可能的,未必确定的,不是完全没有可能；impossible指完全没有可能,更确切。根据下文可知,这些废物只能储存起来,所以用impossible更符合原文。incredible难以置信的,惊人的。

（11）通过什么样的方法储存起来用介词by。原文指通过科学家们发明的一种巧妙但麻烦的方法储存起来。

（12）根据原文,埋在地下或者沉入海底,表示并列的关系,用or。

（13）根据原文,然而,这些方法并不能完全解决问题,它们只是储存。四个选项都有措施方法的意思,means强调的是处理问题的手段；way是通用词,用在本文中意义太宽泛；measures强调的是对策,措施；method强调做某件事的具体步骤或程序。所以选项D更符合原文。

（14）考查近义词辨析。crack破裂,爆裂；crash摔碎,坠落；clash碰撞；collide碰撞。根据原文,地震会像坚果一样把容器砸开。地震的冲击力是很大的,应该是猛烈的撞开,所以选项B更适合。

（15）dueto表原因,原文指核电站意外暴露是由于发生泄漏或爆炸事故。owingto指归功于,不符合原文。

（16）根据原文,这里指与其他两种危险相比,这种是不太可能的。所以选项B符合原文。

（17）disapproval不赞成,不喜欢；disagreement不一致；protest抗议；objection异议,拒绝的理由。句意：也不会对核项目提出严重的反对意见。选项D符合原文。

（18）根据原文,正如哈里斯堡的居民会告诉你的那样,这是可能发生的。上文提到说第三种危险不太可能会发生,但不意味着没有可能,所以用but表转折。

（19）考查分词。这里的主语不是sb.而是三种风险,所以不用-ing形式,而用分词表示被动,选项B正确,意为综合考虑。

（20）Period通常与in搭配,表示在...时期或周期内。

16.问答题

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

17.单选题

Inapurelybiologicalsense,fea