考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽矿业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Beforethe19thcentury,therewerealmostnochannelsofsocial（）.

问题1选项

A.mobility

B.availability

C.adaptability

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】socialmobility为固定搭配,意为“社会流动性”。句意：十九世纪以前几乎不存在社会流动性的渠道。选项A符合语境。

2.单选题

Aspoliticalfanatic,hehasfoughtwithrevolutionariesallovertheworld.

问题1选项

A.incumbent

B.candidate

C.zealot

D.jealousy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项incumbent“在职者，现任者”，B项candidate“候选人，候补者”，C项zealot“狂热者，犹太教狂热信徒”，D项jealousy“嫉妒，猜忌”。句意：作为一个政治狂热分子，他曾与世界各地的革命者斗争过。根据句意可知，fanatic在句中表示“狂热分子”。因此，该题选择C项。

3.单选题

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

问题1选项

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。对比选项可知本题考查倍数。与times相关的倍数表达方式为：AisNtimes(形容词比较级)thanB。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

问题1选项

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。transaction“交易，业务”；transition“过渡，转变”；transmission“传送，播送”；transformation“转换”。句意：他亲自参与重要的商务会议。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

问题1选项

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

问题2选项

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

问题3选项

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

问题4选项

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干：下列哪项不是纵向研究的缺点之一？文章第二段说到纵向研究的特点和有点，第三段说到了纵向研究的缺点。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”与C选项符合。因此C选项符合题意。

2.词义题。由词语定位到第三句，分析句子结构可知“contingent”是并列谓语之一。前半句说到纵向研究费用高、耗时长，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能坚持下来。因此A选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：下列哪个陈述是正确的？此类题只可通过选项定位。C选项中出现了绝对词“only”，表示“纵向研究只有在寻求对早期经验对后期发展的影响的理解时才是可靠的”，过于绝对化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”说明B选项错误；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”说明D选项错误。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：横向和纵向研究的区别之一是______。由题干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即与D选项的lessmoney一致。因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Heisholdinga（）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

问题1选项

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:他如今在公司任一个（）职位，他期望能够尽快升职。

subordinate下级的，次要的；succeeding以后的；successive连续的，接替的；subsequent后来的，随后的。根据后半句“他期望能够尽快升职”推测，A项subordinate次要的符合句意。

7.单选题

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidintheseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thatbecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

1.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

3.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposetowritingthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B.thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C.peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook

D.customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

问题2选项

A.Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.

B.Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.

C.Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D.Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

问题3选项

A.theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasociety

B.theindependentlydevelopedsocialorders

C.theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironment

D.thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity

问题4选项

A.isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeople

B.ispredominatedbytraditionalcustom

C.iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunities

D.ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim

问题5选项

A.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms

B.tostressthestronginfluenceofcustomsonanindividual

C.toexaminetheinteractionofmanandsocialcustoms

D.toshowman’sadjustmenttotraditionalcustoms

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance…Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.”，可知风俗还没有被普遍认为是一件很重要的事情，但是风俗的重点在于它在经验和信仰中所起的主导作用，以及它所表现出来的形式上的多样性。第一段对文章的话题和中心思想做了总体阐述，可判断出作者认为，传统习俗在学术界被忽视的原因在于人们还没有意识到风俗习惯对于我们而言所起的重要作用。选项C符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“thepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.”，可知风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用与个人对传统风俗的影响相反，就好像他的母语词汇量占他自己婴儿时期被家长所接受的语言词汇量之比。可判断出一个人对他所出生的传统习俗几乎没有什么影响，选项A符合题意。根据文章第二段，“Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes”，可知即使在他的哲学探索中，他也无法超越这些刻板印象。可判断出风俗习惯不是对一群人进行哲学探索的直接结果。选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.”，可知从他出生的那一刻起，风俗习惯就塑造了他的经历和行为。可判断不是在出生前就产生影响的，选项C可排除。文章没有提到风俗习惯对于个人和集体的影响和利弊，选项D可排除。选项A符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.”，可知个人的生活史首先是对其社会中传统的模式和标准的调整。可判断出文中的custom是指人类行为的模式和标准。选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.”，可知从他出生的那一刻起，风俗习惯就塑造了他的经历和行为。到他会说话的时候，他已经慢慢开始熟悉文化了；到他长大的时候，能够参加文化活动，文化带来的习惯的信仰就是他的习惯和信仰。可判断出从一个人的出生到死亡，都受到了文化和传统习俗的支配的影响。选项B符合题意。

5.作者意图题。纵观全文，文章开篇就提到了人们还没发现传统风俗对我们的行为和价值观产生的影响，进而忽视了它的重要性。下文用大量的篇幅阐释了传统习俗对我们的影响，乃至于一个人从出生到死亡都会受到文化的影响和支配。可判断出作者写文章的意图在于强调风俗习惯对个人的巨大影响，以引起人们对风俗习惯的重视。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

问题1选项

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。validity“有效性；正确；正确性”；arrogant“自大的；目中无人的”;congenial“意气相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂热的”。句意：尽管Parker在自己所关心的问题上非常直言不讳，但是她却____；当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.当自身的内在短处被暴露时她会承认对立观点的优点。可推断Parker不是一个傲慢无礼的人。故B项符合题意。

9.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeactInnovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBachinstrikingoriginalways.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby(

).

2.WhyisBeethovenratedamonghighlycreativeartists,fromtheauthor’spointofview?

3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheserespectivepursuits

B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployincollectingdatatosupporttheirtheories

C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalforms

D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks

问题2选项

A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.

B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.

C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.

D.Becausehesynthesizedatranslationbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.

问题3选项

A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientists

B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdata

C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalists

D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization

问题4选项

A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmodecomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.

B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.

C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmodemcomposerslikeBelaBartokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.

D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题询问在从事艺术创作和自然科学之间的差别。根据原文“Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.极富创意的艺术和极具创意的科学之间的差异来自于自己的目标的差异。对于科学，新理论是创造性行为的目的和归宿。”可知两者之间的差异是在它们的目的不同，A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据最后一段内容"IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.有关贝多芬，人们称他推翻了种种规则，将音乐从传统的令人窒息的范围中解放出来。然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。可知D选项‘他综合了新旧音乐形式之间的转换’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第一段最后一句“Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitratherthantranscendthatform.高度创造的艺术活动所创造的，不是一种全新的、超越既已确立之局限的普遍性原则，而是一种美学上的独特之物。由高度创造性的艺术家所创造的美学上的独特事物，以一种富予创新的方式，拓宽或利用既存形式的局限，而不是超越那种形式本身。”可知，这种科学方面的原始贡献是具有创新性的东西，所以D选项“生成一种新颖的、有根据的概括”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikingoriginalways.”“然而，对他音乐作品一番细致的研究会揭示出贝多芬根本没有推翻任何规则。实质上，他是一个无以伦比的谋略家。善于以令人瞩目的独特方式利用各种局限——即他从诸如海顿和莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫这些前辈那里继承而来的各种规则、形式和传统。以及本段中的论点：从另一方面来说，莫扎特的《费加罗的婚礼》无疑属于音乐的典范之作，虽然其朴素的创新仅限于将既存的创作手法予以拓展而已。”可知最后一句提到了从这些前辈继承而来的各种规则和传统，因此A选项“通过同样的方法，这些模板作曲家成功地建立了音乐的规则”符合题意。

10.单选题

Thescientificandmedicalcommunitiesareveryexcitedaboutthechancesgeneticresearchprovidesforgettingridofdiseaseandprolonginghumanlife.Butthosecommunitiesandpolicymakersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflife.

Forthelastfewyears,thegeneticadvancesinthedevelopingfieldofbiotechnologyhaveprovidesmaterialforallkindsofwork,butthedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcodehaveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealth,aswellasforthepopularimagination.

WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecodinghumanDNA,theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.Already,theHumanGenomeProjecthasbecomewidelyknownandpraisedforfindingthegenesconnectedwithterriblediseasesasyetandmakingprogresstowardseparatingthegenesthatshowasignofbreastcancerorAIDS.

Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections,andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.

1.Whydidthescientistsworkhardatmappingthehumangenome?

2.Whichcountrystudiedthegenesmostrapidlyintheworld?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorsuggeststhattheHumanGenomeProjectcancause（）.

5.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout（）.

问题1选项

A.Becausethehumangenomecandestroymanyillnesses.

B.Becausethehumangenome’scompletioncanhelpthemgetridofmanydiseases.

C.Becausetheywantedtobebetterknownthanothers.

D.Becausethehumangenomecanprovidealotofchancesofwork.

问题2选项

A.Japan.

B.Germany.

C.TheUnitedStates.

D.China.

问题3选项

A.Ifthegenescanbefound,scientistscanstudymanynewwaystocureillnesses.

B.Thescientistshavemadegreatprogressinconnectingthegeneswiththecancers.

C.Manymedicalcompaniesshowgreatinterestindrawingthehumangenomemap.

D.TheUnitedStatesbegantheGenesStudyearlyinthe19thcentury.

问题4选项

A.thepolicymakerstofeelveryworriedandcareful

B.thescientiststoworkharder

C.manypeopletofindworkeasily

D.alotofcompaniestoproducemanynewdrugs

问题5选项

A.unlockinggeneticcode

B.thegenes’discovery

C.thegreathumangenome

D.thegenesandthescientists

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由最后一段Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections,andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.一旦发现并研究这些基因，研究人员就可以开发新的方法来对抗感染和遗传疾病。医药公司对绘制人类基因组非常感兴趣，因为他们希望开发出许多治疗这些疾病的新药。可知科学家绘制人类基因组的目的是为了研制一些药来对抗疾病。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecodinghumanDNA,theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.当欧洲和日本的研究人员在解码人类DNA方面取得快速进展时，始于1990年的美国的领先遗传研究组织正在“解开人体的密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。”由此可知美国在基因方面处于领先地位，故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.基因研究的主要组织是美国，成立于1990年，正在解开人体的“密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。可知美国于20世纪开始基因研究，而不是19世纪，故D项与原文内容不符。答案D

4.推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“Butthosecommunitiesandpolicymakersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflife.但这些行业和政策制定者也对他们打开的科学之门保持谨慎，因为这个项目揭示了生命的奥秘。可知A项“政策制定者感到非常担忧和谨慎”不对；C项文中未提及；由最后一句“Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.医药公司对绘制人类基因组非常感兴趣，因为他们希望开发出许多治疗这些疾病的新药。”可知D项“许多公司生产许多新药”是事实，并不需要推理。故只有B项正确，结合全文可知人类基因组图的完成将有助于科学家一系列难关，所以他们更加努力地探究。

5.主旨大意题。由第二段的thedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcodehaveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealth,aswellasforthepopularimagination.现代科学的发展解开了人类遗传密码的秘密，为人类健康以及大众的想象打开了一个充满可能性的世界。以及第三段的whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.它始于1990年，正在解开人体的“密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。可知解读基因密码可以知道如何对抗疾病。故A项正确。

11.翻译题

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.

【答案】人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题。虽然就医和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好办法是一开始就不吸烟。吸烟带来不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。

本报告挑战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上这一常见而致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。

12.单选题

Heknewthatthearea’srichplantlifehadbeenseverely______bythehugeherdsofcowsgrazingtheland.

问题1选项

A.depleted

B.decomposed

C.corrupted

D.corroded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项depleted“耗尽……的资源”；B选项decomposed“分解”；C选项corrupted“使恶化；使腐败”；D选项corroded“腐蚀”。句意：他知道这个地区大量的植被已经被大量放牧的牛群严重______。根据语境，depleted“耗尽……的资源”搭配richplantlife“丰富的植物”比较合理，意指植被资源被严重消耗。因此A选项正确。

13.翻译题

通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

14.单选题

Storesandsupermarketshavebeen（）witheachothertoattractcustomers.

问题1选项

A.striving

B.vying

C.conquering

D.sprouting

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。striving“奋斗，力争”；vying“使针锋相对”；conquering“战胜，征服”；sprouting“使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Themuseumlibraryisbeingremodeledandallthefurnituresarebeingreplacedwithattractivenewshelves,tablesandchairsorderedfromItaly.

问题1选项

A.Themuseumlibrary

B.isbeingremodeled

C.allthefurnituresare

D.chairsorderedfromItaly

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。名词的单复数。furnitures去掉s。furniture在表示“家具”意义时是一个集合名词，这里furniture后不应该加S。

16.单选题

Thepreviousweekshe’dbroughthomeagreasy-hairedbikerwithall（

）overhisarms.

问题1选项

A.tattoos

B.taboos

C.teaks

D.tenets

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tattoos“刺青，纹身”；B选项taboos“禁忌”；