考研考博-英语-安徽水利水电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽水利水电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

问题1选项

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

问题2选项

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

问题3选项

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

问题4选项

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

问题5选项

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要在解释艾米莉•迪金森生活行为古怪的原因。故选A“解释艾米莉•迪金森古怪的行为”。

2.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:拒绝进食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒绝见来访者,D:待在房间。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越来越远离社会，呆在自己的房间里，有时拒绝面见来访者，而她开始只穿白色的衣服这样的习惯使她蒙上了怪人的名声),因此只有A项未提及。答案选A。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(传记作者在决心用传统的浪漫情节去理解迪金森的生活上，忽视了她生活的独特方式，即她奋力去创造一个她生活的文化无法想象的女性生活)。因此C“从浪漫角度看待她的生活”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciation..(她的隐退不是失败的风流韵事的结果，而是一个更一般的放弃模式的一部分……)。因此在作者看来,很多人认为艾米莉•迪金森的隐退是因为失败的风流韵事,故选B“失败的风流韵事”。

5.判断推理题。最后一段指出:...carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof"truewomanhood”(（艾米莉•迪金森）与清教徒的父亲们进行争吵，用智慧去讽刺他们阴郁的加尔文教义，刻板的德高望重的上帝和他们对‘真正女性’的严格定义),由此可知A项“强大的清教徒信仰”正确。

2.单选题

Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe（

）withtherightinstruction.

问题1选项

A.acquired

B.imposed

C.traced

D.fabricated

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词辨析。acquired获得；imposed强加；traced追踪；fabricated伪造。句意：科学表明乐观的前景大都可以通过正确的教导获得。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

问题2选项

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

问题3选项

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

问题4选项

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

问题5选项

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(脑积水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文围绕“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易发生异常”展开，A选项“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故选A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三种缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母亲的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是针对母亲本人而言的，故选D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界卫生组织将约4亿人归为肥胖，故选C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了减重手术的怀孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】将来的研究焦点可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

4.单选题

ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.

问题1选项

A.abundant

B.controversial

C.conducive

D.convincing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。substantial表示“大量的，实质的”；A项abundant“丰富的，充裕的”，B项controversial“有争议的，有争论的”，C项conducive“有益的，有助于……的”，D项convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科学家们已经取得了足以消除我们对转基因食品恐惧的重大发现。根据前面的findings（发现）可知只有D项的意思与划线部分的意思相近，所以D项正确。

5.单选题

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

问题2选项

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

问题4选项

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

问题5选项

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻译为：官方的统计数字有点令人气馁。故选A“没有看上去那么好”。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻译：正如财政部长说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。可知最佳答案为B选项“低于商人的预期”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻译：商人们认为自己主持着生产力革命，但是要确定是否确有其事却更加困难，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾。可以推断出答案选择B“他认为生产力革命并未奏效”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打扰的：心烦意乱的”；C:moreinsensible“更无动于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根据题干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾，推测出blunter有“更直率的”含义，故选D。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据B选项“组织工作场所的新方法可以帮助提高生产力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻译为：组织工作场所的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一个方面的贡献……，根据C选项“降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻译为：他的同事，迈克•比尔说，太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组，在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。根据D选项“打通新市场可能增加公司的利润率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻译为：另外，公司的大部分改革都是为了赢利，而这种需求并不总是意味着提高生产力：转向新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。只有A选项未在文中提及，符合题意。

6.单选题

（）tofindstarsinpairs.

问题1选项

A.Itisverycommon

B.Beingverycommon

C.Verycommonis

D.Thatisverycommon

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式主语。it+be+形容词、名词或者过去分词+todosth.，在此句型内it作为形式主语指代todosth.的内容，避免出现句子头重脚轻的情况。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

问题1选项

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；B选项Withregardto“至于”；C选项Byvirtueof“由于，凭借”；D选项Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏经验，她没能签署那份合同就不足为奇了。根据语境，这里指的是缺乏经验很大程度上让她没能签成合同，A选项Inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不当，造成误解，就谨小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放开手脚。结果是丧失时机，犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。（《邓小平文选》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

9.单选题

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

问题1选项

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

问题2选项

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

问题3选项

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

问题4选项

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

问题5选项

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

问题6选项

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

问题7选项

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

问题8选项

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

问题9选项

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

问题10选项

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项resemble“类似”；B选项share“共用”；C选项contrast“对比；对照；显出明显的差异”；D选项differ“不同”。句意：人类交流研究人员发现，动物和人类有许多共同的特征。这里是说动物和人类有许多共同的特征，由此可知B选项正确。

2.考查非限定性定语从句。A选项“what”以及B选项“that”不能引导非限定制性定语从句，故排除A，B选项。选项D“ones”只能作为代词，不能引导非限定性定语从句，故排除。因此选项C为正确答案。

3.考查上下文语义辨析。A选项assumed“假设；（承担）责任”；B选项guessed“猜想”；C选项justified“调整；证明……正当”；D选项reasoned“说服”。上文说到研究者对动物交流的研究就在我们理解人类交流方面起着至关重要的作用，可推测此处应填研究者的推论，B选项guess指的是毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断，可排除，由此可知A选项正确。

4.考查名词词义辨析。A选项animal’s“动物，动物世界；牲畜”；B选项humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C选项humanity“人道；仁慈；人文学科”；D选项human“人类”。中文翻译为：我们猜想我们是独一无二的人类，判断出此处D选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项bond“纽带”；B选项ties“结”；C选项affection“喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项joint“关节；接缝”。句意：松鼠猴的母亲和婴儿之间的纽带就像人类一样。判断出A项正确。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项simulated“模拟的；模仿的；仿造的”；B选项located“处于，位于；坐落的”；C选项situated“位于……的；处于……境遇的”；D选项detected“检测到的”。根据下文，themothercanfindherchild（妈妈能找到她的孩子）。可知B选项正确。

7.考查连词。A选项Inthisway“这样；用这种方法”；B选项Thus“因此；从而；这样；如此”；C选项Becauseofthis“因为这个”；D选项Therefore“因此”。由上文“当婴儿与母亲分开时，他们会发出响亮的、容易定位的、单独可识别的声音”的这种方式，可推测A选项正确。

8.考查动词词义。A选项supply“供给，提供；补充”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成”；D选项serve“招待，供应”。根据find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D选项“serve”所提供的服务是虚拟的，A选项“supply”所提供的服务是现实的，可知A选项正确。

9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项Conversely“相反地”；B选项Likely“很可能；或许”；C选项Likewise“同样地；也”；D选项Comparatively“比较地；相当地”。联系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴妈妈有自己的妈妈语），可知C项正确。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项altered“改变，改动，修改”；B选项modified“修改；更改”；C选项revised“修改；校订；复习”；D选项adapted“使适应，改编”。根据上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴妈妈也有自己的妈妈语），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便与婴儿交流），B选项modified强调细小的变化，常含“缓和”的意味，可排除，D选项adapted（适应，改编）符合题意，D选项正确。

10.单选题

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后，这对老夫妇现在仍然哀悼他。

考查动词辨析。cherish珍爱;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，执行；mourn哀悼，忧伤，服丧。根据句意“在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

11.单选题

Customersinthesemarketsofantiquesaregoodatslashingprices.

问题1选项

A.accessing

B.cutting

C.elevating

D.altering

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”；A项access“进入，使用”，B项cut“切断”，C项elevate“提升，举起”，D项alter“改变，更改”。句意：这些古董市场的顾客很擅长砍价。根据句意可知B项正确。

12.单选题

Aftercenturiesofself-enforced（）,Chinahasgainedforherselfaplaceinworldaffairsthatbringsherintothecurrentofmodernhistory.

问题1选项

A.cooperation

B.monopoly

C.dictatorship

D.seclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施……后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasaglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographic(人口统计学)growthto“along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes”.

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory.Wefindthatpopulationhavebeenreallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttoknow.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighrateofdeath.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Andaperiodofrapidgrowthsince1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedformsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2020therewillbe8billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“populationasaglobalissue”（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofapowerfusethat（）.

3.Whatleadstoastablegrowthofpopulationformostofhumanhistory?

4.Thereasonforarapidgrowthofpopulationliesinthefactthat（）.

5.Howmanypeopleareborneverysixhoursatpresent,accordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.isquiteunlikethepopulationproblemandthusdoesn’tneedourconcern

B.focusesontrackingdownthereasonofrapidpopulationgrowth

C.dealswiththesameproblemarousedbythepopulationproblem

D.willmanagethepopulationgrowthproblemfromglobalperspectives

问题2选项

A.toomuchpopulationwillonedayleadtothedoomofhumanbeings

B.thetrendofpopulationgrowthwillkeepunsteadyuntilthedestructionofEarth

C.demographicgrowthwillfollowacertainpatternofupsanddowns

D.itislikelyinthenearfuturethatpopulationwillreducegradually

问题3选项

A.Speciescompetition

B.Lowfertility

C.Tribalfights

D.Highrateofdeath

问题4选项

A.peoplearepermittedtohavemorechildren

B.peoplecanlivebetterthanbefore

C.newbornbabiesdielessthanbefore

D.wehavefoundthesecretoflongevity

问题5选项

A.Eightymillion.

B.Eightthousand

C.Fiftythousand

D.Fivemillion

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。原文首段第一句提及“Wecanbeginourdiscussionof‘populationasaglobalissue’withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss‘thepopulationproblem’…当大多数人在讨论‘人口问题’的时候，我们也可以开始‘人口作为一个全球问题’的讨论。”由此可知，这两个问题是一样的，都是由人口问题引发的，所以选项C正确。

2.判断推理题。根据关键词“powerfuse”定位到第一段最后一句“Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographicgrowthto‘along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes’.它很正确地使用了一个类似的问题，即把人口增长与‘一根又长又细的电源保险丝，它不时地稳定燃烧，直到最终达到极限并爆炸’联系起来。”由此可知，作者是想通过电源保险丝的例子告诉我们，人口过多总有一天会导致人类的灭亡，所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少会有十分之一的人活过四十岁，而在这个时期，婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的。”也就是说，导致人口稳定增长的原因是高死亡率，选项D符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容：它不仅从历史的角度看待目前的人口增长问题，它表明了近年来人口快速增长的原因不是人们突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因为改善了传统上造成高死亡率的状况。由此可知，人口快速增长的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题干问的是“目前每六小时有多少人出生?”根据最后一段的最后三句“Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.公元前8000年—1650年间，世界人口平均每年只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六小时增加一次。每年大约增加8000万人。”由此可知，现在每六个小时有5万人出生，所以选项C正确。

14.单选题

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（）rolesin

raisingchildren.

问题1选项

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在中国家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子的过程中充当（）的角色。A选项incapable无能力的；B选项indispensable不可缺少的；绝对必要的；C选项insensible无感觉的；D选项infinite无限的，B选项indispensable符合句意。

15.单选题

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:几乎有数以亿计的全世界观众观看奥运会。

副词辨析。Virtually几乎，事实上,实际上;deliberately故意,谨慎地;literally字面上;appropriately适当地。故A符合句意。

16.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“废弃的，老式的”；B选项“侵略性的，好斗的”；C选项“和谐的，和睦的”；D选项“和蔼可亲的，亲切的”，句意：国际体育应该创造国家之间的友好关系，但在目前的奥林匹克组织中以某种方式鼓励______爱国主义。由but可以得知和前文应该是有转折的，因此空格处想表达的应该是“鼓励带有挑衅性的爱国精神”。因此B选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniver