考研考博-英语-安徽工业经济职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽工业经济职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

问题1选项

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conserve表示“保存，储藏”；B选项reserve表示“预定，储备”；C选项preserve表示“保存，保护，维持”；D选项maintain表示“维持，保持”。根据句意“船上装载了特殊的冰箱设备来（

）食物以保证整个航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本题正确答案为A。

2.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“legitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.英国是游说欧盟放松拟议数据保护规则的9个国家之一。此举将让日益担心其业务受到潜在影响的谷歌和社交网站“脸书”等美国科技公司松一口气，因为这些公司一直都担心它们的业务可能受到影响。

47.然而，这些规则的最终确定和实施可能需要数年时间。

48.欧盟的目标是为欧盟所有27个成员国建立一套统一的隐私标准，消除导致混乱的国家差异。

49.她在2012年1月公布了这一想法，她建议除非有合法理由保留这些数据，否则人们应该有能力要求公司在数据存储中删除关于他们的数据。

50.谷歌公司尤其对这个想法进行了激烈的游说反对，因为它会破坏它的数据存储并在历史记录中产生漏洞。

3.单选题

Mr.Morrisonhasagreat___foranythingthatisorientalandexotic.

问题1选项

A.vision

B.emotion

C.contribution

D.passion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项vision“视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力”；B选项emotion“情感；情绪”；C选项contribution“贡献；捐献；投稿”；D选项passion“激情；热情；酷爱；盛怒”。句意：莫里森先生对任何东方和异国的东西都有强烈的___。本句表达“怀有强烈的情感”。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

问题1选项

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。

考查短语辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用说。故D符合句意。

5.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

问题1选项

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

问题2选项

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

问题3选项

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

问题4选项

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一个阶段，每个问题的各方都援引了《法治》，最终以大法官史蒂文斯在布什诉戈尔案中提出的著名异议告终），结合法律知识，此处的异议是指案外人对执行标的提出不同的意见，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数人的意见，A选项“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数法官的意见”和原文不符，同时可知D选项“辩论的每一阶段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（许多读者会记得2000年佛罗里达选举失败时的情形……）可知2000年正在进行总统选举，B选项“2000年是总统选举举行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（尽管我们可能永远无法完全确定今年总统选举的赢家是谁，但输家的身份是非常清楚的。这是国家对法官作为法治公正监护人的信任）可知C选项“法官们知道谁是选举中的失败者”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在没有法律依据的情况下监禁某人、在没有正当程序保障的情况下拘留人、为党派利益操纵宪法——所有这些都被视为对法治的滥用）可知A选项“让法院决定总统选举的最终结果”，B选项“在没有任何正当程序保障的情况下逮捕某人”，D选项“未经法庭审判就把某人关进监狱”属于对《法治》的滥用，A选项属于为党派利益操纵宪法，法院不能直接决定总统选举的结果。C选项“针对特定案件向法院下达命令的政府机构”不属于原文所提到的对《法治》的滥用。因此C选项正确。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我还认为，我们对《法治》的理解不仅应强调既定的、确定的规则的价值和它们使之成为可能的可预测性，而且还应强调法律实践的程序和辩论方面的重要性）可知作者认为对《法治》的理解还应该强调实体和程序两个方面，选B选项“对法治的理解应该强调实体和程序两个方面”，同时可知D选项“法律是既定的，确定的规则”不符合原文，原文只是说不仅应该强调既定的，确定的规则，不能过度推测出法律是既定的，确定的规则；A选项“学者们对法治的理解是正确的”和C选项“当人们试图解释什么是法律时，他们谈论的是法治”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（当我们至少部分地从程序性和辩论性的主题来理解《法治》时，要比单纯地从确定性和可预见性来理解法治时，更容易理解法治与法律概念之间的联系）可知选A选项“人们应该至少从程序和辩论主题的角度看《法治》”，同时可知B选项“法治应该纯粹从确定性和可预见性的角度来看待”和原文相悖，以及C选项“更容易把握法治与法律概念之间的联系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而对法律制度的理解，既强调法庭上的辩论，也强调规则的存在和承认，为更丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础）可知同时强调法庭上的辩论和规则的存在能帮助对法律制度的理解，而对法律制度的理解为了丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础，D选项“将法律理解为规则和法庭上使用的规则有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Incourt,theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent,sayingthathehadbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.betrayed

B.deceived

C.framed

D.defrauded

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项betray“背叛，出卖，泄露”；B选项deceive“欺诈，欺骗”；C选项frame“诬陷，陷害，拟定”；D选项defraud“骗取，诈取（……的钱财）”。由theaccusedmanclaimedthathewasinnocent（被告声称他是无辜的）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：在法庭上，被告声称他是无辜的，说他是被陷害的。

7.单选题

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor.Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutthecriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”，ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

7.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

8.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

9.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

10.StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.

问题1选项

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

问题2选项

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

问题3选项

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

问题4选项

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

问题5选项

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】6.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?下面哪个陈述最好地表达了这篇文章的主要思想？

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.A.初级医生通常有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络。

B.PatientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealthB.病人们经常发现，当他们在身体健康时，预约成功要容易得多。

C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.C.人们健康的时候不需要与医生建立关系。

D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.D.预约到有能力的医生需要一些策略。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】分析文章行文结构：本文的行文逻辑为“总分式”，首段提出观点，总领全文，后文就首段提出的观点给出具体的建议。首段第2句说到“这项工作应该在最先完成，即：专家们强调，人们应该在身体健康的时候找医生并建立联系（peopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth）”；第2-7段分别为作者对“如何预约到有实力的医生”给出的策略或者需要考虑的因素，D选项“预约到有能力的医生需要一些策略”符合题意。（另外，第10题的题干也提示了“预约医生的策略”。）

【干扰项排除】

A选项“初级医生通常有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络”，仅在原文第2段提到，不能概括全文主旨，该选项属于以偏概全；

B选项“病人们经常发现，当他们在身体健康时，预约成功要容易得多”，仅在原文第1段提到，不能概括全文主旨，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“人们健康的时候不需要与医生建立关系”，表述与原文不符，原文第1段第2句提到“专家们强调，人们应该在身体健康的时候找医生并建立关系”。

7.【选项释义】

Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.除了妇科医生，女性也应该与内科医生建立关系，因为____。

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferralsA.每个内科医生都有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatologyB.一些内科医生只接受过心脏病学或风湿病学的培训

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcareC.他们有常规的治疗来源

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctorD.他们不需要总是跟医生预约

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternist定位到原文第3段第1句，该句提到“加林医生说，但也应该和内科医生联系一下。”该句后一句提到“接下来，检查你的健康计划中的医生名单”，说明作者已经开始介绍另一个策略了，因此本题的答案应该往前找。原文第2段提到“有常规治疗来源的病人（patientswitharegularsourceofcare）得到更好的护理”，紧接着说“尽管一些内科医生在心脏病学或风湿病学方面有额外的培训，但初级保健医生也有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络。”由此推断，专家建议女性应该和内科医生联系一下，是因为他们有可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络，即常规治疗来源，C选项“他们有常规的治疗来源”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“每个内科医生都有一个可推荐的值得信赖的专家网络”，“每个”的表述不恰当，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“一些内科医生只接受过心脏病学或风湿病学的培训”，表述不符合原文，原文第2段第2句提到“心脏病学或风湿病学的培训”是内科医生的额外训练（additionaltraining），说明他们还接受了其他训练，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“他们不需要总是跟医生预约”，原文只是说有常规护理来源的能得到更好的治疗（getbettercare），并没有说就不需要预约了，该选项属于过度推理。

8.【选项释义】

Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.对于没有保险的人，专家建议____。

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedicationA.他们要负责化验、验血、手术和用药的费用

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcostsB.他们和医生达成协议，调整需承担的费用

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcareC.他们去社区健康中心或医院诊所接受免费医疗

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcareD.他们访问美国家庭网站寻找免费医疗

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词theuninsured和suggest定位到原文第5段第1句，该句提到“如果你没有保险，可以和医生协商（negotiatewithadoctor），让医生同意降低费用（agreeonareducedfee）”，由此可知，B选项“他们和医生达成协议，调整需承担的费用”，表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们要负责化验、验血、手术和用药的费用”，可定位到原文第5段第1句，该句提到“你还是要承担（youwillalsoberesponsiblefor）实验室检测、血液检测、X光、程序和药物的费用”，由此可知，该选项只是在陈述事实，而非专家的建议；

C选项“他们去社区健康中心或医院诊所接受免费医疗”，可定位到第5段第2句，该句提到“这些费用更有可能由社区卫生中心或医院诊所按浮动比例支付或收取（becoveredorcharged）。”由此可知，社区健康中心或医院诊所并不提供免费医疗，并且这不是专家的建议，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“他们访问美国家庭网站寻找免费医疗”，可定位到第5段最后一句，该句提到“您可以在美国家庭网站www.的‘消费者资源’中找到。”根据上下文可知，这个网址是找社区健康中心或者医院诊所的，并且这些医疗也并不是免费的，该选项属于曲解原文。

9.【选项释义】

Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.专家提示，如果一个医生使用电子病历，那么____。

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatientsA.这个医生应该是病人优先选择的对象

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatientsB.这位医生一定很受病人欢迎

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracreditsC.病人应该给医生额外的赞扬

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsuredD.未投保的人可能会比已投保的人被收取更多的费用

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词adoctoruseselectronicrecords定位到原文倒数第2段最后一句，该句提到“如果医生使用电子病历（thedoctoruseselectronicrecords），这是一个优点（aplus）。”另外，本段第一句提到“其他需要考虑的因素是……（Otherfactorstoconsiderare…）”由此可知，使用电子病历的医生是相对来说可靠的、好的医生；另外，全文主要是介绍如何挑选好的医生并与之建立联系，A选项“这个医生应该是病人优先选择的对象”，符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“这位医生一定很受病人欢迎”，原文只是说这是该医生的优点，并没有提到一定特别受欢迎，该选项属于过度推测；

C选项“病人应该给医生额外的赞扬”，专家说这是一个优点，并不是为了要赞扬医生，而是告诉读者可以选择这样的医生，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“未投保的人可能会比已投保的人被收取更多的费用”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

10.【选项释义】

StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.更容易预约医生的策略包括除____以外的所有内容。

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhoursA.与一位晚上和周末都有空的医生建立关系

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviewsB.通过会面与医生的建立舒适的关系

C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcentersC.为了在社区卫生中心享受降低一点的费用而不买保险

D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpracticeD.找一个属于某个医疗团队的医生且这个团队进行当前最新的医疗实践

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题要求选原文没有提到的策略。C选项“为了在社区卫生中心享受降低一点的费用而不买保险”，可定位到原文第5段第1句，该句提到“如果你没有保险（Ifyou’reuninsured），你可以和医生协商降低费用……”原文只是说没有买保险的人可以跟医生商量少收一些费用，并不是建议不买保险，选项表述错误，本末倒置，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“与一位晚上和周末都有空的医生建立关系”，可定位到原文倒数第2段第1句，该句提到“其他需要考虑的因素（Otherfactorstoconsider）包括医生是否有晚上和周末的时间（whetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours）……”，由此可知，晚上和周末都有空的医生更方便建立关系和预约看病，选项表述正确，不符合题意，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“通过会面与医生建立舒适的关系”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句，该句提到“关于你是否能跟你选择的医生相处愉快（whetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctor）这个关键问题，直到你们见了面（meetwiththedoctor），你才会知道。”由此可知，通过双方面对面交往，才能知道是否能跟对方相处愉快，才能建立舒适的关系，选项表述正确，不符合题意，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“找一个属于某个医疗团队的医生且这个团队进行当前最新的医疗实践”，可定位到原文倒数第2段倒数第2句，该句提到“集体实践（grouppractices）往往更有效率，团体医生更有可能保持最新的医疗实践（stayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice）。”由此可知，作者更推荐处于某个医学团队的医生，选项表述正确，不符合题意，该选项属于反向干扰。

8.单选题

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指木桥承受不了卡车的重量，选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalniche---Holoceneclimatestability---whichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservices---aquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systems---withthehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

问题3选项

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

问题4选项

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

问题5选项

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者态度题。整篇文章作者都是客观地阐述了大城市的城市化对生态环境的破坏，但是小城市、小镇的城市化和生态环境结合起来就会产生良性循环。其中没有作者过多个人观点的表达。所以对文中的问题作者持中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsov