考研考博-英语-天津铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

问题1选项

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。句意：英语中的单词，在曰常谈话中几乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔；latitude纬度；multitude多数；attitude态度。因此，C项符合句意。

2.单选题

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

问题1选项

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，theoldestknownmap是表语，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B项正确。

3.单选题

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词。glad为形容词，表示“高兴的，乐意的”，需与be动词搭配，故排除C、D选项。studentsandteachersalike为插入语，是对主语everybody的解释说明，不影响谓语动词的选择，因此谓语动词应选用is，故本题正确答案为B选项。

4.单选题

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

问题1选项

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

问题3选项

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

问题4选项

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

问题5选项

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意为“我的童年吋期没有冰箱，但我还是吃得不错而且吃得很健康”之后的部分讲到虽然没有冰箱但也没有出现食物浪费和食物腐烂的情况，由此可知第二段的首句话是为了说明虽然那时候没有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即选项A。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都来，杂货商、屠夫、面包师和卖冰淇淋的人—周来送货两到三次。肉可以从星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶将变成各种各样的小点心。任何东西都不会被浪费，而且我们从不会为了腐烂的食物而烦恼。因此可知在冰箱发明之前不会有东西的浪费是因为人们掌握了有效的剩余食物的方法,故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出:冰箱的发明对食物的保存并没有起到太多的作用，在冰箱发明之前已经有像自然冷却、盐腌等多种食物保存方法。冰箱的发明正在促进的是电力、软饮料、动物死尸的销量并且在后文中作者还讲到了冰箱对生活环境造成的影响，故可以推断出在作者看来对于冰箱的发明，最没有受益的就是消费者。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:冰箱对环境的影响一直都是显著的，而它带给人类的幸福却是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己试试看，做一个存放食物的橱柜，下个冬天关掉你的冰箱。你或许吃不到汉堡，但是至少能摆脱那可怕的噪音。故选A“不断产生噪声”。

5.观点态度题。文章中作者提到童年时期没有冰箱，但是还是吃得不错而且很健康，并且当时食物也储存的很好，不会造成浪费。最后两段中,作者认为世界上绝大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它们的热带地区被发现，而是在那些富有气候温和的国家出现，这些国家几乎不需要用冰箱。可以看出作者对于冰箱是批判性的。

5.单选题

_______theyweretalking,thedawncameshiningthroughthewindowsoftheroom.

问题1选项

A.While

B.Till

C.Themoment

D.Before

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项While“当……时候”；B选项Till“直到……才”；C选项Themoment“立刻，一……就”；D选项Before“在……之前”。句意：（）他们在交谈；曙光透过房间的窗户照了进来。这里结合选项填的连词是“当……时候”，所以排除B、D选项，答案选A；C选项不是连词不能连接两个句子，所以不选。

6.单选题

Computerprogrammersoftenremarkthatcomputingmachines,withaperfectlackofdiscrimination,willdoanyfoolishthingtheyaretoldtodo.Thereasonforthislies,ofcourse,inthenarrowfixationofthecomputingmachine’s“intelligence”onthedetailsofitsownperceptions—itsinabilitytobeguidedbyalargecontext.Inapsychologicaldescriptionofthecomputerintelligence,threerelatedadjectivescometomind:single-minded,literal-minded,andsimple-minded.Recognizingthis,weshouldatthesametimerecognizethatthissingle-mindedness,literal-mindedness,andsimple-mindednessalsocharacterizestheoreticalmathematics,thoughtoalesserextent.

Sincesciencetriestodealwithreality,eventhemostprecisesciencesnormallyworkwithmoreorlessimperfectlyunderstoodapproximationstowardwhichscientistsmustmaintainanappropriateskepticism.Thus,forinstance:itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrodingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativistic,effects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield-theoreticalequations.Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation.Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach.

Mathematicsmustdealwithwell-definedsituations.Thus,mathematiciansdependonanintellectualeffortoutsideofmathematicsforthecrucialspecificationoftheapproximationthatmathematicsistotakeliterally.Givemathematiciansasituationthatistheleastbitill-defined,andtheywillmakeitwell-defined,perhapsappropriately,butperhapsinappropriately.Insomecases,themathematicians’literal-mindednessmayhaveunfortunateconsequences.Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thequestion,centraltothescientificinvestigationbutintenselydisturbinginthemathematicalcontext-whathappensiftheaxiomsarerelaxed?-istherebyignored.

Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.

1.Theauthordiscussescomputingmachinesinthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto,dowhichofthefollowing?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatscientistsmakewhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutscientificarguments?

3.Accordingtothetext,mathematicianspresentarisktoscientistforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Theauthorsuggeststhat-theapproachofphysiciststosolvingscientificproblemiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatscientistsdevelopahealthyskepticismbecausetheyareawarethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Indicatethedangersinherentinrelyingtoagreatextentonmachines.

B.Illustratehisviewsabouttheapproachofmathematicianstoproblemsolving.

C.Comparetheworkofmathematicianswiththatofcomputerprogrammers.

D.Provideonedefinitionofintelligence.

问题2选项

A.Theliteraltruthoftheargumentscanbemadeclearonlyinamathematicalcontext.

B.Theargumentsnecessarilyignorethecentralquestionofscientificinvestigation.

C.Thearmamentsprobablywillbeconvincingonlytootherscientists.

D.Thepremisesonwhichtheargumentsarebasedmaychange.

问题3选项

A.Mathematiciansmayprovidetheoriesthatareincompatiblewiththosealreadydevelopedbyscientists.

B.Mathematiciansmaydefinesituationsinawaythatisincomprehensibletoscientists.

C.Mathematiciansmayconvincescientiststhattheoreticalassumptionsarefacts.

D.Scientistsmaycometobelievethataxiomaticstatementsareuntrue.

问题4选项

A.PracticalforscientificPurposes.

B.Detrimentalto:scientificprogress.

C.UnimportantinmostSituations.

D.Expedient,butoflittlelong-termvalue.

问题5选项

A.mathematiciansarebetterabletosolveproblemsthanarescientists.

B.changesinaxiomaticpropositionswillinevitablyunderminescientificarguments.

C.well-definedsituationsarenecessityforthedesignofreliableexperiments.

D.somefactorsinmostsituationsmustremainunknown.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段作者用计算机“computingmachines”作为例子来帮助我们更好的了解数学理论“theoreticalmathematics”。选项B符合题意。

2.文章最后一段提到基于某些参数的变化而会导致某些前提的改变（sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged）。选项D符合题意。

3.文章倒数第二段的倒数第二、三句Themathematiciansturnthescientists’theoreticalassumptionsthatare,theirconvenientpointsofanalyticalemphasis,intoaxioms,andthentaketheseaxiomsliterally.Thisbringsthedangerthattheymayalsopersuadethescientiststotaketheseaxiomsliterally提到数学家将这些理论假设变成公理，并且还试图说服科学家相信这些假设都真的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章第二段倒数第一句Thisveryhealthyskepticismisforeigntothemathematicalapproach提到这个健康的怀疑论对于数学方法来说还是陌生的。但是从healthy这个词可以知道在这里是肯定的观点，四个选项中，只有选项A是带有肯定意味的，因此选项A符合题意。

5.healthyskepticism指的是文章第二段倒数第二句的内容：Physicists,lookingattheoriginalSchrodingerequationlearntosenseinitthepresenceofmanyinvisibletermsinadditiontothedifferentialtermsvisible,andthissenseinspiresanentirelyappropriatedisregardforthepurelytechnicalfeaturesoftheequation，有此句可知选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Bytoday’sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthesamecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

问题1选项

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unwise“不明智的，愚蠢的，轻率的”，B项stubborn“顽固的，顽强的”，C项tiresome“烦人的，无聊的”，D项unscientific“不科学的，不符合科学原理的”。句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们重复种植同一种作物，几次收获后就耗尽了土壤。根据句意可知，imprudent在句中表示“轻率的”。因此，该题选择A项。

8.单选题

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

问题1选项

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

问题2选项

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

问题3选项

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

问题4选项

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

问题5选项

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。从19世纪的西进运动再到当今美国人的西进精神，本文主要讲了美国的拓荒精神，即美国人的勇气和进取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判断题。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艰苦的劳动和激烈的竞争使边疆人生活艰难，他们的语言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人觉得美国的拓荒精神已经不存在了。但它以多种方式表现出来。美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知拓荒精神体现为能克服危险和困难，有勇气和进取心。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴风雪可能会毁掉他的牲畜，许多拓荒者自己也被冻死了。在夏天，一个拓荒者可能会无助地站在一边，看着他的牛死去或庄稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他时候，洪水可能会冲走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危险来自印第安人的袭击。”以及第四段第一句“TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世纪中叶，对于一个爱好和平的拓荒者来说，最大的危险可能不是来自自然条件或印第安人，而是来自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面临自然灾害的威胁以及印第安人的袭击。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一个人的成功或失败在很大程度上取决于他的实力和管理能力。可知C项“拓荒者的成败取决于他的力量与管理能力”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知当今美国人的拓荒精神体现为勇气和进取心。故B项正确。

9.问答题

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthegreatclasslesssociety.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareput(1)inevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprived(2)

allpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,

(3)

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbear

(4)

theclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveled

(5)

ifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,survivalofthefittest,and“mightisright”arestill

(6)

us.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”：

(7)

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagoodstartinlife.Forallthelipservicewepay

(8)

theideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantages

(9)

stateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldhealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkerthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboil

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tothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriateprepositionoradverb(介词或副词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

cliche(inparagraphI)

discredit(inparagraph1)

savagely(inparagraph1)

fallacy(inparagraph2)

dispense(inparagraph2)

rigidly(inparagraph2)

cunning(inparagraph3)

perpetuate(inparagraph3)

indiscriminately(inparagraph3)

dedicated(inparagraph4)

【答案】1.考查副词搭配。由前面的arguments，根据语义可知争论是被提出，putforward意为“提出”。

试题答案：forward

2.考查介词搭配。bedeprivedof意为“被剥夺”，此句意为：存活下来的君主制已经被剥夺了一切政治权利。

试题答案：of

3.考查介词搭配。此处前句意为“继承的财富因税收而被强制减少”，后句意为“巨大的财富将全部消失”，intime意为“最终，迟早”。

试题答案：in

4.考查介词搭配。此处表示examination（调查）与claim（声称）之间的关系，根据语义，此句意为“密切调查不支持这种声明”。bearout意为“证明，证实，支持”。

试题答案：out

5.考查介词搭配。根据后面的if从句，如果给每个人提供平等的教育机会，那么所有人都是平等的，社会也会达到平衡，这种假设是一种谬论。levelout意为“达到平衡”。

试题答案：out

6.考查介词搭配。此句意为：丛林的旧法则，适者生存，强权即公理仍然伴随我们。with意为“和……在一起”。

试题答案：with

7.考查介词搭配。inotheraspect意为“在其他方面”。

试题答案：in

8.考查介词搭配。payto意为“为……付出代价”，此处表示我们为平等观念所付出的口头功夫。

试题答案：to

9.考查介词搭配。此处表示私立学校比公立学校能够提供不公平的优势，over意为“超过，越过”

试题答案：over

10.考查介词搭配。此句表示所有的政治意识形态都归于同一件事情。boildownto意为“归结为……”。

试题答案：down

1.试题答案：陈词滥调

2.试题答案：丧失信誉

3.试题答案：野蛮地，残忍地

4.试题答案：谬论，谬见

5.试题答案：分配

6.试题答案：严格地

7.试题答案：狡猾的

8.试题答案：持续

9.试题答案：不加选择地，随意地

10.试题答案：专注的，投入的

10.单选题

Thesedays,Jennyhasconsumedalotandhasawhole

ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

问题1选项

A.stack

B.pile

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。astackofbills“一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Hercinematicdebutwas（）andshedecidedtoreturntothetheatrewheresheremainedfortherestofhercareer.

问题1选项

A.indelible

B.infallible

C.incredulous

D.inauspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。indelible“难忘的”；infallible“绝对可靠的”；incredulous“怀疑的，不轻信的”；inauspicious“不详的”。句意：她在电影中的初次登场让人难忘，所以决定重新回到影坛来继续她的事业。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最担心的是:不允许小孩去看望医院的妈妈。

语法题。考查动名词的否定。was是系动词，故后面需要用名词性的词充当表语。动名词的否定形式为:not+动名词。因此排除C和D。由于allow与逻辑主语child形成被动关系，即使用被动语态。因此选B项。

13.单选题

Designedtomeettheglobalneedforajetlinersizedbetweenthecompany'sown767-300and4-engine747-400,thenewplane'sseating（

）madeittheworld’slargesttwo-enginepassengerplane.

问题1选项

A.ability

B.capacity

C.capability

D.facility

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。seatingcapacity“载客人数”，为固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”；capability“性能，容量”；facility“设施”。句意：它的载客人数使其成为世界上最大的双引擎客机。答案B

14.单选题

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子关键词disagreementovertraderestrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Wefrequentlyhearthatdrinkingasmallamountofcoffeecan

behealthy,Thisalwayscomesbacktotheevidencewheresome

1.______

coffee-drinkingisacommonbehavioramonglong-lived,healthy

peopleacrosspopulations.Newsstoriestendtointerpretthis

evidenceoptimistically,reportedthatcoffeemaybegoodforyou.

2.______

Inreality,itmightjustbeaninterestingcorrelation.Randomized,

controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct,asthe

3.______

effectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears,ifnot

4.______

alifetime,torevealthemselves.

Thosewhoclaimthatcoffeeishealthfultendtopointtothose

5.______

highlevelofantioxidants.Butantioxidantsupplementshavenot

beenprovedtocorrelatewithhealthandlongevity.Antioxidants

representavastspectrumofsubstances.VitaminEisan

6.______

antioxidant,andtakingVitamin-Esupplementshasbeenshownto

increasemen’sriskofprostatecancer.

Ifcoffeedoeshaveanaffectonlongevity,itislikelyaresult

7.______

ofsomethingmoreglobalthanthepotentialeffectofantioxidants

—suchthefactthatconstantexposuretocaffeine,evenatlow

8.______

levels,suppressesappetite(inaworldwheremostpeopleeatmore

thanisideal).Orthatitencouragessocialinteraction-itinclines

ustogooutanddothingswithpeople-whichitselfisgenerally

beneficialwithhealth.Thesearelegitimatelypositiveresults.But

9.______

aswithallchemicals,thecomprehensiveeffectofcaffeineonour

healthdependsonhow,andhowmany,weuseit.

10.______

【答案】1.where→that

2.reported→reporting

3.extreme→extremely

4.takes→take

5.to→out

6.vast→broad

7.affect→effect

8.∧the→as

9.with→to

10.many→much

【解析】1.考查同位语从句。evidence后面的从句是用来补充说明evidence，所以应该是一个同位语从句；而where是用来修饰地点的定语从句，故将where改为that。

2.考查非谓语动词。report的逻辑主语是newstories，它们之间是主动的关系，所以report应该用现在分词形式表示伴随。

3.考查副词使用。根据句子“controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct”可知，extreme和difficult都是形容词，形容词无法修饰另外一个形容词，故应将extreme改为extremely。

4.考查主谓一致。根据句子“astheeffectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears”可知，take的主语是theeffectsofdietarychanges，是复数形式，因此take应该和主语保持一致，故把takes改为take。

5.考查词组。pointto多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to是介词，着重于指的方向；而后面的thosehighlevelofantioxidants表示“高度抗氧化剂”，这个句子的意思是“那些声称咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化剂”，所以把pointto改为pointout合适。

6.考查形容词使用。vast表示“广阔的，巨大的”；avastspectrumof表示“广泛的光谱”这与句子意思不符合；应该将vast改为broad，abroadspectrumof固定搭配，表示“广泛的”。

7.考查动词词性辨析。根据句子可知affect在句中是作名词，而affect是动词，表示“影响”；如果要用名词应该改为effect“影响”；haveaneffecton表示“对……有影响”。

8.考查固定搭配。根据句子可知破折号后面是举例，而suchas为固定搭配，表