考研考博-英语-安徽大学江淮学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽大学江淮学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

问题1选项

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。courtesy"礼貌的",demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其来的念头;剌激,推动力"。句意：当她得知自己打破了世界纪录时，情不自禁地在领奖台上落泪了。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

问题3选项

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

问题5选项

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要分为三个部分，第一个部分讲述的是民间文化社会的特点，第二部分讲述的是大众文化社会的特点，第三部分是讲述在工业时代的如今，大众流行文化正在取代民间文化。选项A：二十年的现代社会；选项B:工业技术的影响；选项D：加拿大和美国的劳动专业化，以上选项均与原文不符。选项C:“民俗化”社会与“大众化”社会的特征“为正确选项。

第2题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“传统是至高无上的，很少有改变，而且变化很慢。很少有专门的劳动分工。”由此可知选项B“社会变革发生得很慢”与原文相符，为正确选项，而选项A、C、D均与原文表述的意思相反。

第3题:事实细节题。题干意思是关于美国和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美国和加拿大等工业化国家，一成不变的民间文化已经不复存在。”可以推断出两个国家的文化均已大众流行化，由此可知B选项“它们有大众流行文化”与原文意思相符，因此B为正确选项。

第4题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作为Mennonite信仰的一种，提供了维持秩序的主要机制。”由此可知D选项“宗教”为正确选项，选项A、B、C均与题意不符。

第5题:事实细节题。选项A：容忍各种宗教活动。这与文章所表述的阿米什人很少与他们宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此错误。选项B：个人主义和竞争很重要这与文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以为错误选项。选项D：每个人发展一项专门技能，明显与文中第一段描述不符。选项C：现代以前的技术更受喜欢，与原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地区，轻便马车仍然是当地的交通工具，信徒们不允许拥有汽车。”相符，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Psychoanalyststendtoregardboth（）andmasochismasarisingfromchildhooddeprivation.

问题1选项

A.attachment

B.distinction

C.ingenuity

D.sadism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。attachment“附属（物）；依恋”；distinction“区别，分清”；ingenuity“独创性，精巧，灵活性”；sadism“虐待狂，病态的残忍”。句意：心理分析师倾向于将虐待狂和受虐狂看成是童年剥夺的结果。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

问题2选项

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

问题3选项

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

问题4选项

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

问题5选项

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

问题1选项

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。contribute“贡献，出力”；attribute“归因于”。词组attributeto通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.

B.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.

C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromanillness.

D.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.

问题2选项

A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.

B.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.

C.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.

D.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneystone.

问题3选项

A.Abitbetter.

B.Terriblyawful.

C.Couldn'tbebetter.

D.Okay,butabitweak.

问题4选项

A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.

B.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecovery.

C.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.

D.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.

问题5选项

A.From4p.m.to6p.m.

B.From5p.m.to7p.m.

C.From6p.m.to8p.m.

D.From7p.m.to9p.m.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】W:Hello.

M:Hello!

W:So,didyouhaveacomfortablenight?

M:No,notreally.

W:Sorrytohearthat.Andhowareyoufeelingatthemoment?

M:Abitbetter.

W:Youdon’tfeelsickatall?

M:No,I’mOK.

W:That’sgood!Areyouhavingsipsofwater?

M:No.

W:Wouldyoulikesome?

M:Well,Idon’treallyfeellike

W:Ah,youcan’tdrinkanythingatthemoment.

M:Thenurseshavebeengivingmemouthwashes.

W:Yes.Ithinkyoubegintopickupasthedaygoeson.Andwe’llcarryongivingyousomethingtoeasethediscomfort.Doesithurtmuch?

M:Well,itdoeswhenImoveabout.

W:Right.(19)Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine.

M:OK,Ican’tsayI’mreallylookingforwardtothat.

W:(17)YouhaveaprettybiggallstoneandtheGallbladderwasquiteinflamed.Therewasalotofinfectionarounditandinsideit.(16)Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble.

M:Uh.

W:Anymorequestionsoranythingwecandoforyou?

M:No,IthinkI’mOK.(18)I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment.Whenwillmywifebeabletocomeandseeme?Thenursestoldmebefore,butIcan’tremember.

W:(20)Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening.

M:OK,thankyou.She’llbeheretonightinthatcase.

W:Fine.I’llstopintoseeyoutomorrow.

M:Thankyou.

16.What’strueaboutthemanintheconversation?

【解析】女士说“Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble”可知，男士得了胆结石，而且胆囊发炎，但现在取出来了，所以是刚经历过手术。故选B。

17.Whatwaswrongwiththeman?

【解析】女士说“Youhaveaprettybiggallstoneandthegallbladderwasquiteinflamed”，由此可知，他胆囊发炎了。故选B。

18.Howisthemanfeelingnow?

【解析】男士说“I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment”，由此可知，病人仍旧感到虚弱。

19.What’sthemansupposedtodoaccordingtothedoctor’sorders?

【解析】女士说“Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine”可知，男士会四处活动一下。故选D。

20.What’sthehospital’svisitinghours?

【解析】女士“Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening”可知，探访时间是晚上6点到8点。故选C。

7.单选题

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

问题1选项

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

问题2选项

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

问题3选项

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

问题4选项

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

问题5选项

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能会撤回一种下意识的倾向，转而为企业而非员工和客户做出裁决。可推断出法院似乎会支持员工。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考虑到最高法院去年在一起类似案件中是如何做出裁决的，它会采用任何一种宽容的标准，这令人惊讶，也令人欢迎。又因为此句是对第二段内容的一个总结和衔接，可推断出第二段联邦快递的例子就是为了证明此观点，法院竟然采用了一种宽容的标准，这是令人惊讶的。选项A符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一项过分的裁决中，最高法院忽视其判例，认定一名囚犯因为错过了最后期限而失去了对谋杀罪提出质疑的权利。可判断出egregious是一个消极意义的单词，意为“极坏的，糟糕的，过分的”。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。A和D项都是对联邦例子细节上的描写和体现，并不是一个总结，可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在进行一场运动，以废除对公司的巨额惩罚性赔偿，而且下文提到公司可以雇佣更加有能力的人，可判断出法院并没有一直做出有利于员工和消费者的裁决，选项B可排除。根据文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知对一个判决进行过分解读是错误的，有确凿的证据表明，法院不会轻易动摇它对公司问题的过分关注。可推断出法院不会轻易放弃对公司问题的关注。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据全文，可知作者对法院之前的裁决表现出不认同的态度，根据文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知联邦快递事件的裁决运用了宽容标准，是令人惊讶并且受人欢迎的。但第五段第一句又提到对于本事件的裁决也可能标志着一个新的方向。可推断出作者对联邦快递事件的法院判决的态度似乎是持怀疑态度的。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

问题1选项

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tend“趋向，倾向”，B项cultivate“培养”，C项tame“驯服”，D项breed“使动物繁殖，培养”。根据关键词wildhorse“野马”可知，C选项符合语境。句意：驯服那匹野马花了他几个月的时间。因此，该题选择C项正确。

9.单选题

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。delightful“可爱的；令人愉快的”；graceful“优雅的”；resentful“气愤的；厌恶的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世纪六十年早期搬到了纽约，明显是为了逃离那些对她的成功嫉恨的朋友。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

问题1选项

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要条件

C.criteria判断标准D.measures措施，方法

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由definingmentalillness（定义精神疾病）和agreement（意见）可知，“判断标准”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的医学中，关于定义精神疾病的标准几乎没有一致的意见。

11.单选题

Startingwiththe（）thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,theRussianandAmericanscientistswentontodeveloptheirarguments.

问题1选项

A.premise

B.pretext

C.precondition

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定，假设”；B选项pretext“借口，托辞”；C选项precondition“前提，先决条件”；D选项presentation“展示，描述”。句意：从火星上有生命这一假设出发，俄罗斯和美国的科学家继续展开他们的争论。火星上有生命这只是一个假设，所以选项A正确。

12.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote,“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfetteredandunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.t

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.t

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.t

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.t

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturnst

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustryt

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystept

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees’hardworkt

问题3选项

A.succeededinrealestateinvestmentt

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychancest

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoort

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestoriginst

问题4选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriaget

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflifet

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccesst

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildrent

问题5选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.t

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.t

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.t

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“在克雷夫科尔看来，美国梦的本质是什么？”。根据题干定位到文章第一段EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders（像克雷夫科尔这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会；他对一个任何人都可以通过诚实和勤奋获得成功的无阶级社会的热情洋溢的描述激发了许多欧洲读者的想象力），由此可知，在克雷夫科尔看来，这里的人只要诚实、努力工作就会获得成功的机会，而这种机会从根本上说是源自美国的自由；故D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”符合题意。A项“人们可以自由地发展自己的想象力”，表述与原文不符合；B项“诚实和努力工作的人能成功”，表述太绝对；C项“人民从剥削和压迫中解放出来”这不属于克雷夫科尔的观点。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。题干意思是“第一段作者通过说‘一个人的辛勤劳动所得到的回报与他的劳动进步是同等的’的意思是……”。题干的句子出现在文章第一段最后一句话Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfueledn