考研考博-英语-天津科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

问题1选项

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语。A选项forthesakeof“为了”；B选项onbehalfof“代表”；C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”；D选项inaccordancewith“与……一致”。句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.

问题1选项

A.toll

B.figure

C.span

D.yield

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量，收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007

DearResidentsofVladivostok:

ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.

Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.

However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.

Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.

Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.

Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.

Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.

Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:

Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;

Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;

Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;

RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;

Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.

AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.

Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.

Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.

TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb

1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.

2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.

3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.

4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.

5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.

问题1选项

A.theycannolongersupplybread

B.thepriceofbreadwilltreble

C.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepleted

D.itwillhavetoclosedown

问题2选项

A.touseingredientsofalowerquality

B.tocuttheworkers’wages

C.tourgepeopletoeatlessbread

D.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities

问题3选项

A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonths

B.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviar

C.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongerafford

D.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths

问题4选项

A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebts

B.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhand

C.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafia

D.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working

问题5选项

A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepast

B.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepast

C.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleet

D.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻译为：此刻，我们所有的储备已用完。诸如面粉、糖、黄油和类似的面包烘焙原料正在耗尽。因此C选项“所有面包制作的原料已经被耗尽”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻译为：例如，莫斯科市长YuryLuzhkov在危机出现的头几天里通过新闻界告诉居民，他已决定补助面包行业，以便不让这类食品的价格上涨。对应D选项“让面包价格受到政府补助”。因此D项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻译为：随着面粉价格上涨至每公斤4卢布，面包的价格将上涨至6.17卢布。进一步的价格上涨将是可能的。可知答案为C项“面包已变成一种很多人不再能负担得起的商品”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻译为：如果Vladkhleb面包店停业，那么面包价格将失去控制。因此B项“否则，面包价格可能失去控制”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文倒数第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻译为：收回太平洋舰队因产品供应欠的六百万卢布债务（计算截止时间为2007年8月）。因此可知答案为C“当地政府应该向莫斯科要求更多资金，否则，最终要求莫斯科支付太平洋舰队所欠当地政府的债务”。

4.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成条件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些能关掉电源的老鼠去没有受到影响）可知选B。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果这些动物遇到了它们无法控制的情况，那么当它们面对他们能够控制的经验时，它们会表现出被动的行为）可知选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会了避免吃甜味剂）可知选D。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人们偶然发现了大脑如何改变免疫反应的最开始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推测，他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，足以杀死它们）可推测Ader’s的实验中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大脑改变了它们的免疫系统，因此选C

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了本文的主题stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（压力似乎会影响低等动物的免疫防御能力），然后举例证明其观点。第一段中Laudenslager的实验证明：对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化，而不是由实验本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss认为：被允许控制不愉快刺激的动物不会产生睡眠障碍或典型的应激大鼠的大脑化学变化；最后一段中Ader’s的实验表明：他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节，现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统。这些实验是在一些特定条件下进行的，因此可推断动物的免疫系统能被条件反射所削弱，因此选A。

5.填空题

ParachutistTomDickens(1)asimple,fatalerrorwhenhejumpedfroma350-feet-hightower.Hefailedinhave(2)heighttousehisreserveparachute.Inaddition,severalsafety(3)hadnotbeenobservedinthejump.Alegaldecision(4)accidentaldeathwasrecordedonMr.Dickens,whohadbeenakeenparachutist(5)1976andhadmadeabout400jumps(6)fromaircraft.

Hewasamemberofanorganizationwhichpracticed(7)frombuildings,bridges,cliffsandmountains.Theparachute(8)tobepackeddifferently(9)ithadtoopenmorequickly.Mr.Dickensalwayspackedhisownparachuteandhadmadeaboutsixorsevenjumpsofthis(10).Theorganizationhasaminimum(11)of2,000feet,butthisjumpwasdonefromsomething(12)350feet.Thereasontheyhavethe2,000feetisthatinthe(13)ofsomethinggoingwrongwiththemainparachute,thereistimeto(14)areserveparachute.Mr.Dickens’sparachutehadbeen(15)sothepull-upcordhadbeenleftinside,causingtheparachuteflapstojam.On6AprilMr.Dickensandsomeotherjumperswenttothetopofthe25-storeytowerbytheliftandwalkeduptotherooftopwithout(16)anylocksordoors.Theyhadnotaskedpermission.Mr.Stone,oneofthejumpers,jumpedfirstand(17)safely,thenheardhisfriends’bodyhittheground.He(18)atMr.Dickens’sparachuteafterwardsandwas(19)thathisfriendheldmadea(20)mistakebynottakingouttheextraloopwhichclosedtheflap.

【答案】1.made

2.enough

3.also

4.that

5.since

6.which

7.jumps

8.had

9.and

10.time

11.height

12.on

13.reason

14.use

15.packed

16.setting

17.landed

18.checked

19.shocked

20.fatal

【解析】1.根据空后的error，可知这里应当填入一个动词，根据语境，应该填入动词过去式，犯了一个错误“madeasimple,fatalerror”。句意：跳伞运动员汤姆•狄更斯从350英尺高的高塔上跳下时犯了一个简单而致命的错误。

2.根据空后的height，可以推测这里应当填入一个形容词，结合下文，使用降落伞，也就可以推测他是因为没有足够的高度来使用降落伞。句意：他没有足够的高度使用备用降落伞。

3.根据Inaddition，可以推测还有另外的因素，空中不缺少成分，因此可以填入一个表示“也；同样”的词。句意：此外，在跳下过程中也没有注意到几个安全隐患。

4.考查同位语从句，一项法律决定，什么样的法律决定呢？意外死亡记录在狄更斯先生身上的法律决定。因此空中应当填入一个连接词that使结构完整。句意：一项关于意外死亡记录在狄更斯先生身上的法律裁决。

5.考查连词。根据前面使用的现在完成时，可推测空中应填入“自从”，因此空中应当填入一个连词since。句意：自1976年以来，狄更斯先生一直热衷于跳伞。

6.根据上下文，句中不缺少成分，可填入一个连接词“which”。句意：从飞机上跳了大约400次。

7.根据上下文语境，可知这个组织从各种地方练习跳伞，这里应当填入跳伞的名词复数jumps。句意：他是一个组织的成员，该组织练习从建筑物、桥梁、悬崖和山上跳伞。

8.根据后文ithadtoopen可以推测前文应当填入一个had，保持一致，“hadto”（不得不）。句意：降落伞的包装必须有所不同。

9.根据上下文语境，两个句型表示并列，可知空中应填入一个连接词，连接两个句型，使结构完整，因此可知这里应当填入“and”表示并列。句意：并且它必须更快地打开。

10.根据上文可知，狄更斯先生为了这次跳伞已经做了充分的准备，因此可填入一个关于次数的词“time”。句意：狄更斯总是自己打包降落伞，这一次他跳了六、七次。

11.根据上下文，空中应当填入一个名词，空后2000feet可推测前文应填入一个表示高度的单词“height”。句意：该组织的最低高度为2000英尺。

12.根据语境，可知这里应当填入一个介词，并与from进行搭配，表示“从……”，因此空中填入一个“on”。句意：但这次是从350英尺高的地方跳下的。

13.根据语境，应当填入一个表示“原因”的单词“reason”，后文是具体的理由。句意：有2000英尺的高度是因为主降落伞出了问题。

14.根据上下文，空中应当填入一个动词，后文“areserveparachute”（备用降落伞），这里填入“use”，使句型完整。句意：还有时间使用备用降落伞。

15.根据上下文，空中应当填入一个动词的过去分词，根据前文所说降落伞被打包，因此这里的降落伞依然是被打包，填入“packed”。句意：狄更斯先生的降落伞被打包好了，所以拉绳留在里面，导致降落伞的襟翼卡住。

16.根据上下文，可知这里应当填入一个动名词，并与后文“locksordoors”相搭配，由此可推测，填入“setting”。句意：狄更斯先生和其他一些跳跃者乘电梯到达25层楼的塔顶，在没有设置任何锁或门的情况下走到屋顶。

17.根据前文“jumped”以及后文“safely”，可推测斯通先生跳伞并安全着陆，因此填入“landed”。句意：其中一名跳伞者斯通先生先跳，并安全着陆。

18.根据上下文，空中应当填入一个动词过去时，斯通先生后来检查了他朋友的降落伞，因此空中填入一个“checked”。句意：后来他检查了狄更斯先生的降落伞。

19.根据上下文，应当填入一个表示“震惊”的单词，表达斯通先生的感受，因此填入“shocked”，句意：他对朋友的做法感到震惊。

20.根据上下文，这里应当填入一个形容词，形容这个错误是致命的，因此填入“fatal”。句意：他的朋友犯了一个致命的错误，没有拿出额外的环关闭襟翼。

6.单选题

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

问题2选项

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

问题3选项

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

问题4选项

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

问题5选项

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

问题6选项

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

问题7选项

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

问题8选项

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是各领域的收费服务网站兴起，使得越来越多的专业人士通过网络赚钱。故B项“越来越多的人利用他们的专业在网络上赚钱”比较符合文章大意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申请成为LivePersonInc.的一名“专家”，这是一家客户付费与各领域专业人士和顾问在线聊天的网站）。因此D项“客户为与专业人士的在线交流时间而付费”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（随着人们不断转向网络找工作，键盘劳动力网站越来越受欢迎）。因此B项“因为更多的人在网上找工作”正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（网站收取30%到35%的佣金）。由此可算出，如果客户支付10美元，网站抽取佣金3—3.5美元，专家将获得6.5—7美元，故选C。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亚马逊土耳其机器人的副总裁SharonChiarella说：这个网站——为一个18世纪的噱头命名，涉及一个包着头巾的会下国际象棋的“机器”，里而隐藏着一个真正的国际象棋大师——一开始是作为一种帮助亚马逊管理其产品数据库的方法）。因此C项“帮助亚马逊管理其产品数据库”正确。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用户有一个独立的网站叫土耳其国家（），该网站评估索求的公司和支付任务，这样员工可以在接受任务之前检查公司的记录）。因此，D项正确。

7.【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士现在花大部分的时间为客户转录网络音频和视频，一周工作30个小时赚取约250美元）。因此，C项“为客户转录网络音频和视频”正确。

8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是各领域的收费服务网站兴起，使得越来越多的专业人士通过网络赚钱。因此，A项“在线专家”比较适合做文章标题。

7.单选题

Fooda