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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Thedayispastwhenthecountrycanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomatoallwho()sixyearsofinstruction.
问题1选项
A.setabout
B.runfor
C.sitthrough
D.makefor
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A项setabout“着手,开始做……”,B项runfor“竞选,匆匆去取”,C项sitthrough“一直挺到结束,耐着性子看完”,D项makefor“导致,有助于”。前文提到“国家为所有人提供高中文凭的日子已经过去了”,根据后文的sixyearsofinstruction(6年教育)可推测空格处表示“一直读完六年结束”。句意:国家能够负担得起给所有接受了6年教育的人颁发高中文凭的日子已经过去了。因此,该题C项正确。
2.单选题
Itwassoscorchinglyhotthatthewaterdropletsfallingonitdidn’tstayatall.Theyjust().
问题1选项
A.evacuated
B.evaporated
C.eliminated
D.escaped
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuated“疏散;撤出”;B选项evaporated“蒸发;消失”;C选项eliminated“消除;排除”;D选项escaped“逃离;逃脱”。句意:天这么热,掉下来的水滴一点儿都没留下,都……了。水滴在阳光的炙热下会蒸发掉。因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题
Itisnaturalformeto()onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.
问题1选项
A.reflect
B.suppose
C.speculate
D.mediate
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔细想;回忆;反省”;B:supposeon“猜测;考虑”;C:speculateon“推测;猜想;推断”;D:mediateon“沉思;打算”。句意:我很自然地猜测到他访问的动机,因为我们多年来一直没有谈过话。结合语境,此处表示猜测,故C为正确答案。
4.单选题
LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.
TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.
DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.
Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.
Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.
Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.
21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.
22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.
23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.
24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?
25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?
问题1选项
A.positioned
B.inspired
C.appointed
D.expected
问题2选项
A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle
B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted
C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere
D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome
问题3选项
A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader
B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica
C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance
D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges
问题4选项
A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.
B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.
C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.
D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.
问题5选项
A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.
B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.
C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.
D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】21.语义推测题。Prime的意思是“使准备好,使进入状态”,根据第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.(伦敦在中世纪时期大幅增长,到了16世纪,预计将成为增长速度史无前例的经济中心。),因为伦敦在中世纪时期大幅增长,所以有了后面成为增长速度史无前例的经济中心的结果,这里有一个推断关系,所以D选项“预期”符合题意。A选项“放置”,B选项“鼓舞”和C选项“委任”不符合题意,故错误。因此D选项正确。
22.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.(但五世纪罗马帝国的衰落导致罗马人放弃了不列颠,所以有一段时间,伦敦实际上是空的。),罗马帝国的衰落让罗马人离开伦敦,所以B选项“整个罗马帝国灭亡了,所以那里的罗马人离开了”正确,A选项“盎格鲁•撒克逊人入侵并打败了罗马人”,C选项“住在那里几乎没有什么经济利益”和D选项“罗马人不需要在罗马北部这样偏远的地方建海港”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。
23.推理判断题。根据第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.(中世纪中后期,伦敦作为一个城镇和经济中心扩张,由于造船和海上贸易的增加,欧洲世界变得更加联系紧密。),可知英国在中世纪变成经济中心是因为造船和海上贸易,所以D选项“伦敦在中世纪开始变得更加突出的原因”正确。A选项“在中世纪,伦敦在这两个方面的经济是欧洲的领导者”不是表达的重点,而且文章的意思是英国经济在总体上在欧洲领先,故错误。B选项“英国开始在美洲获得殖民地的原因”和C选项“英国在文艺复兴时期变得富有的主要因素”这里没有提到,故错误。因此D选项正确。
24.事实细节题。A选项“注重于向别人销售商品而不是购买商品”:根据第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.(其主要目标是实现贸易顺差和积累黄金和白银。),可知是注重出口,也就是注重销售,所以正确。B选项“这是起源于英国的经济哲学”:mercantilismisthereigningeconomic(重商主义是英国占统治地位的经济哲学),这里并没有表示这起源于英国,故错误。C选项“让伦敦以牺牲其他英国城市为代价而致富”:根据第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.(政府因此颁布了对进口商品征税的法律,保护英国的贸易。),可知英国同时保护本土与殖民地的贸易,故错误。D选项“让英国殖民地不如本国岛富裕”:文章没有提到,故错误。因此A选项正确。
25.事实细节题。根据第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange(该公司……出售股票,让投资者分得它正在积累的部分财富。这帮助建立了伦敦证券交易所),可知东印度公司出售股票的举动推动建立伦敦证券交易所,所以A选项“在伦敦证券交易所的建立中发挥了重要作用”正确。B选项“非常有效地将印度置于英国的控制之下”,C选项“其股票比任何其他英国公司的股票更有价值”和D选项“英国政府的几个成员是它的股东”文章没有提到,故错误。因此A选项正确。
5.单选题
Iamcautiously()thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.
问题1选项
A.optimistic
B.hostile
C.cynical
D.doubtful
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。optimistic“乐观的”;hostile“敌对的”;cynical“愤世嫉俗的”;doubtful“可疑的”。句意:对于新政府是否会关注环境问题,我持谨慎的______态度。根据关键信息cautiously可知选项A符合题意,“乐观态度”。
6.单选题
Thedrugstoreatthecornerofourstreetsellsaspirinsand()penicillinprescriptions.
问题1选项
A.dispenses
B.disposes
C.disperses
D.dispatches
【答案】A
【解析】考查同形词义辨析。dispenses“分配;分发”;disposes“处理;安排”;disperses“分散;使散开”;dispatches“派遣;分派”,此句中and一词连接了两个动作,所以此处要填的动词应该与sells是对应的,按照常识,药店除了会卖药之外,也会分发一些药品,所以此处应该选择一个表示“分发”的动词。句意:在我们这条街街角处有一个药店售卖阿司匹林并且……青霉素的处方。因此可知A选项正确。
7.翻译题
在任何社会里教育总是反映这个社会的一面镜子。通过这面镜子我们可以看到我们的实力,我们的弱点,我们的希望,我们的偏见,以及我们这个国家的主要价值观念。过去四十年来人们对教育的重视说明了人们都强烈地感到不管每个人的个人情况如何,都应当给与充分发展他能力的机会。
【答案】Inanysocialcommunity,educationisalwaysamirrorasthereflectionofthesociety.Throughthis,wecanhaveasightofourstrength,weakness,hope,prejudiceandthemajorvalueofourcountry.Havingpassedthroughfortyyears,people’sgreatimportanceoneducationprovesthatpeopleshouldprovidetheopportunitiestodeveloptheirabilitiesbutregardlessoftheirpersonalsituation.
8.问答题
ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.ItscenterwasbeneathpresentdaySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoenclosemostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asitisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1,100,thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofacliffyIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokis,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramicsfinelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.
1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?
2.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated(
).
3.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatMeso-Americancultureshadatraditionof(
).
【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以MoundBuilderculture开头,进而引出对MississippiCulture的介绍。
试题答案:
ThepassagemainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandachievementofMississippiCulture.
2.推理怕断题。由文章开头中的“ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining...Tothewest,anotherculture”可知MoundBuilderculture位于东方。
试题答案:
intheeast
3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce”可推测Meso-Americancultures有商业贸易的传统。
试题答案:
tradeandcommerce
9.单选题
GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost(
)duringtheattack.
问题1选项
A.annihilated
B.prohibited
C.diminished
D.empowered
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项annihilate“彻底消灭”;B选项prohibit“阻止,禁止”;C选项diminish“减少,缩小”;D选项empower“使自主;授权”。填入一个过去分词构成被动语态,But表示转折关系,由关键信息navalforce“海军力量”可知annihilate“彻底消灭”的过去分词annihilated符合题意,句意为:英国曾经被称作日不落帝国。但它的海军力量几乎在进攻期间被彻底消灭。故答案选A。
10.单选题
InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing“tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics.”TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast(inthiscase,GreekandRomanones).Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:“topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope.’’Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:[>Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology,Tantaluswasakingwhowaspunishedinthelowerworldwitheternalhungerandthirst;hewasputuptohischininwaterthatalwaysmovedawaywhenhetriedtodrinkitandwithfruitonbranchesabovehimplacedjustalittlebitoutofhisreach.Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning“toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire”?
Anotherexampleistheword“siren”,familiartousasthemechanicaldevicethatmakessuchanalarmingsoundwhenpolicecars,ambulances,orfireenginesapproach.ThiswordalsohasitsoriginsinGreekmythology.ThetravelerOdysseus(UlyssestotheRomans)madehismenplugtheirearssothattheywouldn’thearthedangerousvoicesofthesirens,creatureswhowerehalfbirdandhalfwomanandwholuredsailorstotheirdeathsonsharprocks.Sothewordcametobeassociatedbothwithaloudsoundandwithdanger!
Whensomeonespeaksofa“jovialmood”ora“herculeanefforts”,heorsheisusingwords
withoriginsinmythology.Lookthesewordsuptofindtheirmeaningandrelationshiptomyths.
Manycommonwords,suchasthenamesforthedaysoftheweekandthemonthsoftheyear,alsocomefrommythology.WednesdayderivesfromtheancientNorsekingofthegods,Woden,andThursdaywasoriginallyThor’sday,inhonorofThor,thegodofthunder.Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology,includingtheplanetthatisfarthestawayfromthesunandforthatreasonwascalledaftertheRomangodofthedead.Thisgodhasalsogivenhisnametooneofthechemicalelements.Severalotherelementshavenamesthatcomefrommythology,too.
ItseemsthatmythsandlegendsliveonintheEnglishlanguage.
1.ThepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph1is(
).
2.Welearnfromthepassage,allEnglishdictionariesinclude(
).
3.Theexampleoftantalizeistoshow(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOThaveoriginsinmythorlegends?
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?
问题1选项
A.toleadreadersontothemaintheme
B.tolinktheprecedingparttothepresentone
C.toarousereaders’interestinhieroglyphics
D.todescribetheworkofsomeChinesescholars
问题2选项
A.legends
B.mythology
C.wordorigins
D.worddefinitions
问题3选项
A.howthewordcameintoexistence.
B.howTantaluswaspunishedinthelowerworld.
C.howallEnglishdictionariesshowwordorigins.
D.howthemeaningofthewordchangedovertheyears.
问题4选项
A.Jovial.
B.March.
C.Earth.
D.Wednesday.
问题5选项
A.MythologyandCommonWords.
B.HistoricalChangesinWordMeanings.
C.MythologicalOriginsofEnglishWords.
D.GreekandRomanMythologyinLanguage.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:C
【解析】1.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】段落大意题。文章第一段开头第一句是引出tantalize这个词的描述,接下来的几句话,是说明这个词的来源,它是众多来源于过去的神话和传说的英语单词之一。故推测文章第一段是通过举例说明来引出主题。正确答案选A。
2.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Many(butnotall)Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword’soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.许多(不是所有)的英语字典都会在词的释义前后,用括号给出简短的词源解释”,故这里可知所有的英语字典都会给出英语单词的释义,但不是都会给出英语单词词源解释,或者有关的神话和传说。所以正确答案为D。
3.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段谈到了tantalize这个单词的例子,根据第六句“ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword’sorigins,andifyoudo,youwillfindoutthatinGreekmythology...这意味着通过坦塔罗斯这个名字找到tantalize单词的词源,如果这样做的话,你就会发现,在希腊神话中……”。接下来就是对于对应单词词源详细解释,结合最后一句话“Canyouseewhyhisnamewaschangedintoaverbmeaning‘toteaseortormentbyarousingdesire’?现在你能猜出为什么他的名字变成了动词,表示(以唤起欲望来戏弄或者折磨某人)吗”,由此推断可知正确答案选A。选项B是具体的例子里面的描述。选项D和题干无关。选线C无法通过第一段中tantalize单词的例子推断出来。
4.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段第三句“Asamatteroffact,alltheplanets,excepttheoneweliveon,bearnamesthatcomefromRomanmythology…事实上,所有的行星,除了我们生活的地球外,都是以罗马神话中神的名字命名的……”故这里选C。
5.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】主旨大意题。通篇浏览全文,文章都在讲英语单词的词源问题,文章中第一段通过tantalize这个单词的例子引出:许多英语单词来源于神话和传说。第二段到五段都是在举例阐述英语里面的单词来源于神话和传说的这一事实。故正确答案应该选C。
11.单选题
Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.
问题1选项
A.slavish
B.fawning
C.subservient
D.subordinate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项slavish表示“奴隶的,奴性的,卑屈的”,B项fawning表示“奉承的,恭维的,讨好的”,指通过谄媚和奉承来获得注意和赞赏,C项subservient表示“屈从的,奉承的,恭顺的”,指某人非常愿意服从别人,D项subordinate表示“从属的,隶属的,次要的”。句意:对于一些女性来说,家政是比事业更重要的事情,而对于另一些女性来说,养家和照顾家庭是生活中最令人满足的召唤。因此,该题选择D项正确。
12.单选题
Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoranencyclopediaset.Nowthose(1)seemhopelesslyoldfashioned;thisChristmas,therewerealotof
(2)
computersunderthetree.
(3)
thatcomputersarethekeytosuccess,parentsarealsofranticallyinsistingthatchildren
(4)
taughttousetheminschoolasearlyaspossible.Theproblemforschoolisthatwhenit
(5)
computers,parentsdon'talwaysknowbest.Manyschoolsare
(6)
parentalimpatienceandarepurchasinghardware
(7)
soundeducationplanning,sotheycansay"OK,we’vemovedintothecomputerage."Teachers
(8)
themselvescaughtinthemiddleoftheproblembetweenparentpressureand
(9)
educationaldecisions.Educationdoesnotevenagree
(10)
howcomputersshouldbeused.Alotofmoneyisgoing
(11)
computerizededucationalmaterialsthatresearchhasshowncanbetaught
(12)
withpencilandpaper.Eventhosewhobelievethatallchildrenshould
(13)
tocomputers,warnofpotential
(14)
totheveryyoung.Thecomputationremainsstronglargelybecauseyoungchildren
(15)
sowelltocomputers.Firstgradershavebeen
(16)
willingtoworkfortwohoursonmathskills.Somehaveanattentionspanof20minutes.
(17)
schoolcanaffordtogointocomputing,andthatcreates
(18)
anotherproblem:adivisionbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.Veryfewparentsareagitating
(19)
computerinstructioninpoorschooldistricts.
(20)theremaybebarelyenoughmoneytopaythereadingteacher.
问题1选项
A.items
B.oys
C.sets
D.series
问题2选项
A.private
B.children
C.school
D.personal
问题3选项
A.Given
B.Provided
C.Convinced
D.Believed
问题4选项
A.are
B.be
C.arebeing
D.were
问题5选项
A.talksabout
B.comesto
C.turnsto
D.mentions
问题6选项
A.ignorantof
B.blaming
C.yieldingto
D.turningadeafearto
问题7选项
A.without
B.with
C.through
D.for
问题8选项
A.reliedon
B.relaxed
C.freed
D.found
问题9选项
A.wise
B.clever
C.slow
D.enough
问题10选项
A.on
B.with
C.to
D.about
问题11选项
A.upon
B.with
C.to
D.for
问题12选项
A.equally
B.inthesameway
C.justaswell
D.notaswell
问题13选项
A.beopen
B.haveaccess
C.look
D.turn
问题14选项
A.approaches
B.exposures
C.dangers
D.harmful
问题15选项
A.adopt
B.keep
C.adapt
D.devote
问题16选项
A.watched
B.seen
C.told
D.taught
问题17选项
A.High
B.Notevery
C.No
D.Any
问题18选项
A.already
B.ofcourse
C.inaction
D.yet
问题19选项
A.for
B.against
C.tobuy
D.use
问题20选项
A.for
B.inanycase
C.although
D.Where
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:B
第6题:C
第7题:A
第8题:D
第9题:A
第10题:A
第11题:D
第12题:C
第13题:B
第14题:C
第15题:C
第16题:B
第17题:B
第18题:D
第19题:A
第20题:A
【解析】(1)词义与词形辨析。根据原文第一段的内容,本小题空白处所填入的词语指的就是前面所列举的与教育有关的礼物,诸如打字机、地球仪、百科全书这些东西;B选项的toys专指玩具;C选项的sets指的是一套或一组的东西;D选项的series用于表示丛书之类的东西,这几个词都过于具体,不能囊括上述与教育有关的礼物。items常用来指一组事物或清单中的一项,符合题意。
(2)词义与词形辨析。此处填一个修饰computer的词,所以B,C选项排除,A,D选项主要是区分private与personal的具体用法。private强调归私人所有,常译为“私有的,私人的”;personal主要强调“个人的,个人用的”;personalcomputer指“个人电脑,个人计算机”。
(3)语法逻辑关系。A选项的given表示“在有..的情况下,假定……”可用来引导条件状语;B选项的provided(that)或providing(that)“如果…的话,只要…”作用相当于if,引导条件状语从句;convince“使相信,说服”,常用于句型。C选项的convincesbofsth和convincesb.+that(从句),而且常常用过去分词形式表示相信;D选项的believe“相信,认为”,及物动词,后直接跟宾语,但很少用过去分词的形式作状语;根据空白处前后词语的意思以及结构,C选项符合题意。
(4)语法逻辑关系。此句的意思是“父母们深信计算机是使孩子走向成功的必备之品,所以,他们坚决主张应尽早教孩子们学会使用电脑”。insist在这里表示“坚决主张”、“坚决要求”,后跟that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气,should+动词原形,should可以省略。
(5)考察词组及固定搭配。Whenitcomesto...表示“当说到……,当涉及到……”。
(6)词义与词形辨析。此句的意思是“由于家长们急不可耐,许多学校迫于压力,在没有做出任何慎重合理的教学计划的情况下便购买了计算机”;A选项的ignorantof“不懂,忽视”;B选项的blame“责怪”,常用的句式为blamesth.onsb.或者blamesb.forsth.;C选项的yieldto的意思为“屈服于,让步”;D选项的turnadeafearto“置若罔闻”,根据句意,C选项符合题意。
(7)词义与词形辨析。根据句子意思确定A选项的without“没有”符合题意。
(8)语法逻辑关系。空白处后面是复合宾语,四个选项中只有D选项的find后面可以跟复合宾语,所以D选项正确
(9)词义与词形辨析。根据句意应该是表示‘聪明的,明智的’,所以排除A和D选项。A选项的wise的意思是明智的,聪明的,经常用来指行动或决定等方面的正确性;B选项的clever的意思也是聪明,但是其一般强调的是智力上的聪明。
(10)词组及固定搭配。D选项没有这个搭配,排除。A选项的agreeon表示“就...取得一致意见”;B选项的agreewith表示“与……意见一致,与……相符”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见、看法的名词或what引导的从句;C选项的agreeto表示“同意某一建议或安排并参与执行”,根据句意‘教育甚至没有就电脑的使用达成一致’确定A选项正确。
(11)词义与词形辨析。for此处表示用途。
(12)此句的句意为“大量的资金被花在用计算机实施教育的材料上了,而这些材料用普通的纸和笔来教给学生,也能取得同样好的效果”。根据句意可知应填入justaswell。A选项表示‘平等的’、B选项‘同样的方式’和C选项表示否定,均不符合题意,排除。
(13)词组及固定搭配。A选项的beopento“对...开放,愿接受...的”;B选项的haveaccessto“进入,能接近,了解,使用”;C选项的lookto“注意,指望,照看”;D选项的turnto“转向,变成,求助于”。根据上下文意思可知,这里指所有的孩子应该学习使用电脑。
(14)语法与逻辑关系。此空应填一个名词,首先排除D项。approach,exposure,danger都可以与介词to搭配,A选项的approach“接近、处理...的方式/方法”;B选项的exposureto“暴露于”;C选项的dangerto“对…有危险”。句意‘对年幼的孩子来说,电脑也有潜在的危险。’,所以C选项正确
(15)词义与词形辨析。A选项的adopt及物动词,意思为“采取,接受,收养,正式通过”;B选项的keepto“坚持,遵守”;C选项的adaptto“适应,适合,改编,改写”;D选项的devoteto“投身于,致力于,献身于”,根据句子的意思是“诱惑依然强劲,很大程度上是因为年幼孩子适应计算机能力强”。C选项正确。
(16)词义与词形辨析。句子的意思是“一年级的学生己被见证愿意花两个小时的时间练习数学技能”。本小题主要是要求辨别watch和see的意思。watch主要着眼于观看比赛、电视等动态的事物;see则着眼于看到之意。
(17)语法与逻辑关系。在前面,作者谈到各个学校都在买电脑,由下文的havesandhave-nots可知此处指并不是所有的学校都买得起电脑。not与every搭配表示部分否定。
(18)词组及固定搭配。A选项的already“已经”,B选项的ofcourse“当然”,C选项的inaddition“除此之外还”,均不符合题意;D选项的yet与another连用表示“还有”强调“还有一个”这层意思,符合题意。
(19)语法与逻辑关系。句子意思为“在贫困地区几乎没有哪位父母要求计算机教学”。agitateforsth.“为某事进行鼓动”此处可以理解为“要求做……”。
(20)语法与逻辑关系。这个句子是对上一句话的原因进行说明的,for引导原因状语从句。
13.单选题
TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.
ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.
1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?
I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford
III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson
3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith().
4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif().
5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto().
问题1选项
A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.
B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequa
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