考研考博-英语-南宁学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南宁学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

Fourgeneralconditionsseentobenecessaryfortheaccumulationofrecoverablequantitiesofpetroleum:(1)stratacontainingorganicmattertoprovidesourcesforpetroleumformation,sinceoilisprobablyformedbythedecompositionofmarineorganisms;(2)rockswithopeningstoserveasporousreservoirsfororganicmatterwhichhasbeenburied;(3)impermeablelayersofrocksontopofthereservoirrockstopreventtheescapeofcrudeoil;and(4)suitableelevatedstructurefeaturestoallowtheoil,water,andgastoseparate.Anticlines,faults,unconformities,domes,saltorsculptureplugs,buriedcoralreefsandadditionalstratigraphictrapsarestructuralfeatureswhichmayincludeoilifthefirstthreeprerequisitesarealsomet.

Petroleumisamixtureofhydrocarbonsformedastinymarineanimalsarecoveredbymud,silt,andsands.Thesandsandmuds,whichweredepositedontheshoresofancientseas,thenweresubjectedthepressuresofotherdepositsabovethemandturnedintosand-stoneandshale.Themarineorganicmatterheldinthesandandmudslowlyturnedintocrudeoil.Moreorganicmatterispreservedinfinesedimentsbecausetheyweregenerallydepositedindeep,quietwater.Petroleumoftenaccumulatesinshale,butoilcannotordinarilybeextractedincommercialquantitiesfromshalebecauseitisnotporousenoughtofurnishanadequatereservoirforeasyrecovery.Therefore,petroleumismorecommonlypumpedfrompetroleumbearingporoussandstonesandlimestoneknownaspetroliferousbeds.

Petroleumfieldsandreserveareasareirregularlydistributedthroughouttheworld.Irregulardistributionofpetroleumfromplacetoplaceandeconomicdifferenceshavecombinedtoproduceaninterestingcontrastbetweenmajorproducingareasandregionswithgreatreserves.Forexample,aboutone-halfoftheworld’sestimatedpetroleumreserveslieintheNearEast(oftenreferredtoastheMiddleEastorMidEast)inIran,Iraq,Kuwait,Bahrein,Qatar,SaudiArabia,theNeutralZones,andTurkey.However,thesecombinedcountriesnormallyproduceaboutone-fourthofworld’soutput.Unstablepoliticalconditions,inaccessiblelocations,lackofcapitalandtechnicalknow-how,arestrictiveclimaticenvironment,amongotherhandicaps,havecombinedtoreducepotentialoutput.ThetruesignificanceoftheNearEastinthepetroleumindustryliesnotonlyinpresentproductionbutalsointhegreatreservesyettobedeveloped.

TheUnitedStatesisboththelargestproducerandlargestconsumerofpetroleum.TheMidContinentProvince,whichincludesmuchofTexas,Oklahoma,Kansas,andSoutheasternNewMexicoproducesalmostone-halfoftheUnitedStatesoutput.Otherimportantpetroleum-producingdistrictsinclude:theGulfCoastProvinceofTexasandLouisiana,theCaliforniaProvince,theRockyMountainProvince,theIllinois-IndianaProvince,andtheMichiganProvince.SomeauthorsconsiderthePermianBasinofWestTexasandNewMexicoasaseparatepetroleumprovince.

VenezuelanormallyrankssecondtotheUnitedStatesinpetroleumproduction.MostofitsproductionoccursaroundtheshoresofLakeMaracaibo,althoughrecentdiscoveriesnearthemouthandmiddlecourseoftheOrinocoRiverareimportant.Russiaisthethirdrankingproducerofpetroleum.RussianoilproductionisconcentratedonthewesternslopesoftheCaspianSeanearBakuandGrozny,andnearUfaintheVolgaRiverValleyandonthewesternslopesoftheUralMountains.

Iran,lrag,Arabia,Kuwait,Bahrein,Qatar,theNeutralZoneandTurkeytogetherproduceaboutone-fourthoftheworld’spetroleum.Mostoftheremainderoftheworld’soilisproducedinIndonesia,Mexico,andRumania.Manyothercountriesproducesmalleramounts,buttheyaregenerallyinsignificantintheiroverallcontributiontotheworldoilpicture.

21.Petroliferousbeds（）.

22.TheLargestconsumerofpetroleumproductsis（）.

23.TheoutputoftheMiddleEastcountrieshasbeenlimitedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

24.LakeMaracaibo’soilreserves（）.

25.TheimportanceoftheMiddleEastoilfields（）.

26.Petroleumiscreatedby（）.

27.Sandstoneiscreatedby（）.

28.Wemayassumethatscientistsarelookingfor（）.

29.OnereasonwhytheUnitedStatesisthelargestconsumerofpetroleumproductsisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.arecomposedofshale

B.areusuallymadeofsandstoneandlimestone

C.containmarinelife

D.arenotdesirablebecausetheoilcannotbeextractedcommercially

E.areuniformlythroughouttheworld

问题2选项

A.Venezuela

B.theUnitedStates

C.Russia

D.theMiddleEast

E.Indonesia

问题3选项

A.lackoftrainedengineers

B.politicalupheavals

C.lackofshippingfacilities

D.thehotclimate

E.shaledeposits

问题4选项

A.areVenezuela’sonlysourceofoil

B.areinferiortotheoildepositsneartheOrinocoRiver

C.makeVenezuelaagreateroilproducerthantheMiddleEastcountries

D.makeVenezuelaindependentoftheUnitedStates

E.arebeingdepleted

问题5选项

A.liesintheiruseafterlocalsuppliesareexhausted

B.willgrowwithgreatertechnology

C.makescordialinternationalrelationshipswiththeArabsdifficult

D.isdiminishedbytheamountofoilintheUnitedStates

E.islimitedbytheArabiandesert

问题6选项

A.manufactureofhydrocarbons

B.decompositionofmarinelife

C.impermeablelayersofrocks

D.sculptureplugs

E.theseparationofoil,water,andgas

问题7选项

A.pressure

B.heat

C.volcanicaction

D.earthquakes

E.impermeablelayers

问题8选项

A.newoildeposits

B.acheapandeffectivewayofextractingoilfromshale

C.newusesforpetroleumproducts

D.waysofimprovingrelationswiththeNearEast

E.anotherLakeMaracaibo

问题9选项

A.wehavemoreautomobilesthananyothercountry

B.weheatourhomeswithoil

C.wearethelargestproducers

D.fourstatesproducemorethanonehalfofouroutput

E.wedonotneedtotravelthousandsofmilestotheNearEastforouroil

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】根据第二段的首句Petroleumisamixtureofhydrocarbonsformedastinymarineanimalsarecoveredbymud,silt,andsands.Thesandsandmuds,whichweredepositedontheshoresofancientseas,thenweresubjectedthepressuresofotherdepositsabovethemandturnedintosand-stoneandshale.（石油是一种碳氢化合物的混合物，形成于微小的海洋动物被泥土、淤泥和沙子覆盖的时候。沉积在古代海岸上的沙和泥，受到上面其他沉积物的压力，变成了砂岩和页岩）因此，选择C选项“包含海洋生物”，A选项“由页岩组成”，B选项“通常是由砂岩和石灰石构成的”，D选项“因为石油无法进行商业开采而不受欢迎”，原文没有提到，E选项“世界各地都是统一的”，根据原文第三段首句Petroleumfieldsandreserveareasareirregularlydistributedthroughouttheworld.（世界各地油田和储量分布不均）可知E选项错误。因此，C选项符合题意。

22.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文的第四段的首句TheUnitedStatesisboththelargestproducerandlargestconsumerofpetroleum.（美国既是最大的石油生产国，也是最大的石油消费国）可知选择B选项“美国”，A选项“委内瑞拉”，C选项“俄国”，D选项“中东”，E选项“印度尼西亚”，因此，B选项符合题意。

23.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文的第三段的倒数第二句Unstablepoliticalconditions,inaccessiblelocations,lackofcapitalandtechnicalknow-how,arestrictiveclimaticenvironment,amongotherhandicaps,havecombinedtoreducepotentialoutput.（不稳定的政治条件、无法进入的地点、缺乏资本和技术知识、限制性的气候环境，以及其他障碍，综合起来减少了可能的产出）因此，E选项符合题意。A选项“缺乏训练有素的工程师”，B选项“政治动荡”，C选项“缺少运输设施”，D选项“炎热的气候”，E选项“页岩沉积”，因此，E选项符合题意。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文的第五段的前两句VenezuelanormallyrankssecondtotheUnitedStatesinpetroleumproduction.MostofitsproductionoccursaroundtheshoresofLakeMaracaibo,althoughrecentdiscoveriesnearthemouthandmiddlecourseoftheOrinocoRiverareimportant.（委内瑞拉的石油产量通常仅次于美国。尽管最近在奥里诺科河河口和中游附近的发现很重要，但它的大部分产量都发生在马拉开波湖沿岸。）因此，C选项“使委内瑞拉成为比中东国家更大的产油国”符合题意。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】根据题干定位到第三段的最后一句ThetruesignificanceoftheNearEastinthepetroleumindustryliesnotonlyinpresentproductionbutalsointhegreatreservesyettobedeveloped.（近东在石油工业中的真正意义不仅在于现在，并且生产中还蕴藏着巨大的资源有待开发。）因此，可以推断出科学家们想找到经济且有效的方式提取石油，开发潜藏资源。因此，B选项符合题意。

26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文的第二段的前两句Petroleumisamixtureofhydrocarbonsformedastinymarineanimalsarecoveredbymud,silt,andsands.Thesandsandmuds,whichweredepositedontheshoresofancientseas,thenweresubjectedthepressuresofotherdepositsabovethemandturnedintosand-stoneandshale.（石油是一种碳氢化合物的混合物，形成于微小的海洋动物被泥土、淤泥和沙子覆盖的时候。沉积在古代海岸上的沙和泥，受到上面其他沉积物的压力，变成了砂岩和页岩。）可知泥沙中的海洋有机物慢慢地变成了原油。因此，B选项“海洋生物的分解”符合题意。

27.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】根据题干定位到原文的第二段的第二句Thesandsandmuds,whichweredepositedontheshoresofancientseas,thenweresubjectedthepressuresofotherdepositsabovethemandturnedintosand-stoneandshale.（沉积在古代海岸上的沙和泥，受到上面其他沉积物的压力，变成了砂岩和页岩）因此，A选项“由于压力”符合题意。

28.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文第三段的最后一句ThetruesignificanceoftheNearEastinthepetroleumindustryliesnotonlyinpresentproductionbutalsointhegreatreservesyettobedeveloped.（近东在石油工业中的真正意义不仅在于目前的产量，而且在于有待开发的巨大储量。）因此科学家们肯定是想找寻一种经济且有效的方式去提取石油，因此，B选项“一种从页岩中提取石油的廉价而有效的方法”符合题意。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文第四段的首句，TheUnitedStatesisboththelargestproducerandlargestconsumerofpetroleum.（美国是最大的石油生产国，也是最大的石油消费国。）因此，C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

问题1选项

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

问题2选项

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出问题：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（为什么基金会集中支持基础研究而不是应用研究？），具体介绍基础研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（应用研究是为了解决具体的实际问题而进行的，它具有吸引力，因为可以直接看到和享受成果。），具体讲述应用研究。这篇文章分别介绍了这两种研究并且进行对比，由此推断本文的主旨是“基础研究与应用研究”。因此D选项正确。

2.分析文章的行文结构

本文的行文逻辑是“A—B”，分别讲述基础研究和应用研究，因此D选项正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“基础研究的重要性”：基础研究仅仅是第一段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。

B选项“对X射线的不了解”：关键词X-rays对应第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，这个例子用来支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往无法预料基础研究的实际应用），不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。

C选项“应用研究的吸引力”：这里只总结了第二段，也属于以偏概全。

2.事实细节题。

精确定位

根据题干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇开用于工业研究的资金不谈——工业研究自然更关心应用方面，因为这些能迅速带来利益），可知工业界因为应用研究带来的好处而关注它，B选项“立刻带来利益”正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“帮助更好地理解”：根据第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基础研究的目标是为了理解而理解。），可知这指的是基础研究而不是应用研究，属于张冠李戴。

C选项“排斥基础研究”：根据第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，应用研究往往会排斥基础研究。），这里指出的是基础研究和应用研究的关系，没有解释题干的原因，属于偷换概念。

D选项“解决实际问题”：根据第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（应用研究是为了解决具体的实际问题而进行的，它具有直接的吸引力），这里讲的是应用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人员的原因，并不等工业界喜欢应用研究的原因，属于偷换概念。

3.单选题

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

问题1选项

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。

句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。

4.单选题

Theproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.presumption

B.prosperity

C.precedence

D.probability

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presumption“放肆，傲慢；推测”；prosperity“繁荣，成功”；precedence“优先；居先”；probability“可能性”。根据前半句“这个问题应该最先被讨论”可知这个问题优先于其他的，因此选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Amongpicturebooksfor4-8yearsold,severaloutstandingworksappearedthatcombinedoriginalstorieswith（）illustrations.

问题1选项

A.imaginable

B.imaginative

C.imaging

D.imageless

【答案】B

【解析】imaginable可能的，可想象的；imaginative想象的，虚构的；imaging成像；imageless无意象的。句意为“把故事原形与充分的想象相结合”。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Thedoctorsdon’t（）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

问题1选项

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

EventhoughCochranbeatMcDanielbymore6,000votesinthenationalelection,thelatterdidn’t（）,complainingthatAfricanAmericansvotingforCochranlosthimtherace.

问题1选项

A.tangle

B.concede

C.torment

D.stalk

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项tangle表示“（和……）争吵；打架；使缠结在一起”；B选项concede表示“让步，承认，退让”；C选项torment表示“折磨，痛苦，捉弄”；D选项stalk表示“追踪，偷偷接近”。根据eventhough可判断前后两句为让步关系，由后文“complainingthatAfricanAmericansvotingforCochranlosthimtherace”可知，McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美国人投票给Cochran才导致他输掉了竞选，说明他依然对这件事耿耿于怀，可见他并不承认失败。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

8.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

问题1选项

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

问题2选项

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

问题3选项

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

问题4选项

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】83.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三联征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作为一个绝对的问题，婴儿摇晃综合征的科学不再支持在三联征案件中无可置疑地找到证据——这些案件代表了大量SBS起诉）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定：1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知SBS是用来控诉被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合征，选B选项“法庭用来指控被告造成婴儿死亡的一种综合症”；A选项“一种可以被婴儿传染的疾病”，B选项“医生通过观察确定婴儿死亡原因的一种综合症”和D选项“一项新发现”原文未涉及，排除。因此B选项符合题意。

84.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(视网膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血肿),andcerebraledema(脑水肿)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在过去，仅仅存在视网膜出血、硬膜下血肿和脑水肿就被认为是婴儿受到了足够大的震动，产生了所谓的鞭打力）可知B选项“视网膜出血”，C选项“硬膜下血肿”以及D选项“脑水肿”这些症状的存在使医生相信婴儿被用力摇晃，不符合题意，排除；A选项“婴儿不到一岁”原文未涉及，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

85.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知A选项“1998年以前出版的医学文献包含不充分的科学证据，无法得出确定的结论”和B选项“先前关于与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面的结论是不正确的”描述正确，最后一段开头Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（将循证框架应用于SBS文献导致了一个显著的决定），结合下文可知这个显著的决定和以往的内容不同，因此C选项“将循证框架应用于SBS文献产生了不同的结果”描述正确；D选项“1998年之后出版的医学文献包含了足够的科学证据来得出坚定的结论”在最后一段未提及，属于过度推断。因此D选项符合题意。

86.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（简单地说，这里的变化增加了过去错误的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的医学文献包含了不充分的科学证据，无法就与SBS有关的因果关系、诊断、治疗或任何其他问题的大多数方面得出坚定的结论）可知最近的研究结果可能会让过去的定罪产生质疑，选C选项“可能会对过去的定罪提出质疑”，A选项“SBS被告的起诉将不复存在”和B选项“SBS过去的定罪肯定会被宣布为错误”属于过度推断，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（虽然没有一个单独的术语来代替它……）只能推断出没有另外的术语来代替SBS，无法得知SBS是否会被医生放弃，D选项“医生们将放弃术语SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom（

）.

问题1选项

A.travel

B.destination

C.instruction

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意可知,“seeking”和“finding”相对,那么填空处的词应该与“journeys”相对,首先排除选项D;其次选项A与之意思相同,也可排除;选项C不符合句意;只有选项B正确。

10.翻译题

1.根据牛顿的发现,白光是所有可见光叠加而成的。这就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉蓝色色调,白光就会变为黄色,还有其他例子等等。然而当把颜料的所有颜色混合,我们会得到黑色,这就是典型的减色理论,黑色代表所有颜色都存在。加色是透射光的领域的概念,减色是色素、染料和化学品的领域的概念。

2.但是我们对创新的追求究竟是为了实现什么呢?创新就是一种重要的新产品或者新程序,或者是一项制度,能够在实际生活中大范围的应用,对经济和社会有着革命性的意义,就是以更低成本实现更高的工作效益。遗憾的是我们现在几乎把一切事情都用创新来形容,因为不是所有创新都能给社会财富的増长和生活的改善提供一个长久的平台。

3.睡眠问题研究者发现,总的来说,大多数人都是随着年龄的增加,睡眠问题却越来越少,上了年纪的人反而对失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改变都发生在20岁到60岁之间。那些经历着睡眠问题的人,应该去看医生才好。因为他们经历的问题也许是某种生病的迹象,也许是一些药物的副作用。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.

2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.

3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.

11.单选题

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.

PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.

Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.

1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?

2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?

3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?

5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?

问题1选项

A.LakeTulainyo

B.Mojavedesert

C.DeathValley

D.TheSaltonSea

问题2选项

A.LakeTahoe

B.SierraNevada

C.MountWhitney

D.Alaska

问题3选项

A.about3miles

B.Only100miles

C.282feet

D.14,494feet

问题4选项

A.ThePacificOcean.

B.SanJoaquinValley

C.MojaveDesert

D.OregonandWashington

问题5选项

A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo

B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.

C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandPacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.

D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的thelowestpoint可以定位在文章描述海拔高度的部分。由文章第三段中的...DeathVolley,282feetbelowsealevel...“死亡谷，低于海平面282英尺。”第三段提到了美国的最高点和最低点。故C项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。同样根据题干定位在文章第三段中的ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).“(除了阿拉斯加州之外)美国的最商点就在加利福尼亚，并且(包括阿拉斯加州在内)美国的最低点也在加利福尼亚。”由此可以推断出，美国实际