考研考博-英语-安徽商贸职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽商贸职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

问题1选项

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“适度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精准地”。句意：我们身体上很舒服，但是精神上备受折磨。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

TheRomans（

）alargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleFast.

问题1选项

A.submitted

B.subdued

C.oppressed

D.predominated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。submit意为“顺从，服从”；subdue意为“征服”；oppress意为“折磨，压迫”；predominate意为“占优势，占主导地位”。

句意：罗马人征服了欧洲大部分地区以及中东地区。

3.单选题

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

问题1选项

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。

考查名词辨析。expedition远征，探险;excursion远足，短程旅行;exploration探测；proposition命题，提议。根据“当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。

4.单选题

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsof-thefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature（IUCN）,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcern,asthespeciesis.verywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanetandourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

ThislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticViewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

1.Weusedtohaveapositivevisionofthefuturebecauseof（）.

2.AccordingtotheIUCN’s“RedList”,humanbeing（）.

3.Paragraph5suggestthat（）.

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

B.ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

问题2选项

A.aretheworld’sdominantpower

B.willthreatentheenvironment

C.facenomajorthreats

D.areamisplacedrace

问题3选项

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies

B.technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem

C.theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise

D.ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive

问题4选项

A.exploreourplanet’sabundantresources

B.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

C.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

问题5选项

A.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段可知，直到几十年前，我们对未来的看法大多是积极的。科学和技术将治愈人类的所有疾病，为所有人带来满足和充满机会的生活。由此可以判断，我们通常对未来拥有积极的态度是因为我们相信科技的力量。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段，由第三段最后一句“...therearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”可知，人类目前并没有什么主要的威胁可以导致整体人口下降。故本题正确答案为C选项。

3.推理判断题。由第五段第一句“Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.”可知考虑时间跨度比较长的未来要比考虑近期的未来更容易。由此可判断D选项正确。其他选项均不能由第五段内容得出，因此本题正确答案为D选项。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第六段第二句。由“thepastholdsthekeytothefuture”可知，我们的过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙。因此，要确保人类的未来，非常关键的一点就是要从过去总结经验，因此本题正确答案为B选项。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是因为科技的进步，人类的未来充满光明，我们现在拥有足够的知识来减少许多威胁人类生存的风险，并且能够改善未来人类的命运。因此，A选项“人类永远光明的未来”最适合作为文章的题目。故本题正确答案为A选项。

5.单选题

Theyfailedthistime,butIwould______aguessthattheywilldofairlywellinthenextelection.

问题1选项

A.pursue

B.hazard

C.illustrate

D.crave

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项pursue“继续，从事，追赶”，B项hazard“大胆猜测，冒……的危险”，C项illustrate“阐明，举例说明，图解”，D项crave“渴望，恳求”。由空格后的guess“猜测”可知，B项符合语境。句意：他们这次失败了，但我敢打赌他们在下次选举中会表现得相当好。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Theguestswereinajubilantmoodastheweddingbegan.

问题1选项

A.exultant

B.conciliatory

C.reverent

D.receptive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ajubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。

句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。

7.单选题

Thepoliticianisshrewdanddeep;hewas（）seldomonwhatheexpectedotherstodoforhim.

问题1选项

A.transparent

B.explicit

C.prominent

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:transparent“透明的”；B:explicit“明确的；直言的”；C:prominent“突出的，显著地”；D:conspicuous“显著的”。句意：这位政治家相当精明，城府深，他很少明确表示希望其他人能为他做些什么。根据句意，B项最符合。

8.单选题

Film-makersworkverycloselywithscientistswhoseworkstudyingthecomplexityofanimallivesisvitalforwildlifeconservation.

问题1选项

A.reservation

B.utilization

C.dedication

D.protection

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reservation预订；保留地B.utilization利用，使用

C.dedication奉献D.protection保护

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】与原词搭配的是“野生动物”，原词conservation“保护”，指野生动物保护，D选项protection“保护”，与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项reservation“预订；保留地”，与原词是形近词，但两者意义不同；

B选项utilization“利用，使用”，没有依据，且利用野生动物，不符合语境；

C选项dedication“奉献”，没有依据，且奉献野生动物，不搭配。

【句意】电影制作人与科学家密切合作，这些科学家研究动物生活的复杂性，对野生动物保护至关重要。

9.翻译题

Marketingshouldbeginwithpotentialcustomerneeds,notwiththeproductionprocess.Marketingshouldtrytoanticipateneeds.Thenmarketing,ratherthanproduction,shoulddeterminewhatgoodsandservicesaretobedeveloped,includingdecisionsaboutproductdesignandpackaging;pricesorfees;creditandcollectionpolicies;useofmiddlemen;transportingandstoringpolicies;andafterthesale,installation,warranty,andperhapsevendisposalpolicies.Thisdoesnotmeanthatmarketingshouldtrytotakeoverproduction,accounting,andfinancialactivities.Rather,itmeansthatmarketing,byinterpretingcustomers’needs,shouldprovidedirectionfortheseactivitiesandtrytocoordinatethem.

【答案】

市场营销应该以客户的潜在需求为出发点，而不是从生产的过程开始。市场营销应该尝试着预测市场需求。应该由市场营销而不是生产来决定要开发什么样的产品和服务，包括产品设计和包装的决策；价格或费用；信贷及收款政策；使用中间商；运输和存储策略；在出售，安装，保修，甚至可能是处理政策之后。然而这并不意味着市场营销应该试图接管生产、会计和财务活动。相反，这意味着，通过理解客户的需求，营销应该为这些活动提供指导并努力协调它们。

10.单选题

Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto（

）healthy.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.stay

C.maintain

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve“保护，保存”；stay“保持”，可作系动词后接形容词作表语；maintain“维持”；reserve“预订，储备”。句意：专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

问题1选项

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。lenient宽大的，仁慈的；divergent有分歧的；dim暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious小心的，谨慎的。句意：让所有人出乎意料的是，裁判员对这次犯规采取了宽容的态度，一点也没有惩罚参赛选手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了宽容的态度。A项正确。答案A

12.翻译题

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人类——神秘的巨人13.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说，友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中，友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中，友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

14.单选题

Forsometimenow,therehasbeena（）positionamonghigh-levelpolicymakerscallingforevidence-basedpracticesintheUnitedStatesandoverseas.

问题1选项

A.widedisseminating

B.widedisseminated

C.widelydisseminating

D.widelydisseminated

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格应该为名词position“工作”的定语，因为disseminate和position之前存在被动关系，表示“被传播的工作”，所以选用-ed分词作定语，表被动。副词修饰动词，所以选用widely“广泛地”。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Firstweshouldexcludeallfactsandobservationsthatarenot（）totheinvestigationinquestion.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.relevant

C.similar

D.inferior

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent“相等的”；relevant“相关的”；similar“相似的”；inferior“下等的”。句意：首先，我们应该排除所有与当下调查无关的事实和意见。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany（

）ofwhatIsaid.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.remark

C.observation

D.attention

【答案】A

【解析】takenoticeof为固定短语，意为：注意到，留意。句意：虽然我跟他说过很多次，但他从来没有注意到我说的话。选项A符合句意。

17.单选题

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMay1st,2007.

问题1选项

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cametothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fellback表示“后退”；B选项fellshort表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D选项cometothepoint表示“直截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始（）。由此可知，C选项的词义更符合句意。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

18.单选题

ThomasEdison,（）,seemedtobeawkwardinhischildhood.

问题1选项

A.agreatinventor

B.wasagreatinventor

C.agreatinventorwho

D.whoasagreatinventor

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词短语做同位语。整个句子结构完整，所以填空处为插入语，名词短语做同位语，所以选项A正确。

19.单选题

Whenwethinkofcreativepeople,thenamesthatprobablyspringtomindarethoseofmensuchasLeonardodaVinci,AlbertEinstein,andPabloPicasso,i.e.greatartists,inventorsandscientists—aselectandexceptionallygiftedbodyofmenwithraretalentandgenius.Thetendencytoregardcreativityandimaginativethinkingastheexclusiveprovinceofaluckyfewdisregardthecreativeandimaginativeaspectsinherentinthesolutionofmanyofthetasksweregularlyhavetoface—thediscoveryanddevelopmentofnewmethodsandtechniques,theimprovementofoldmethods,existinginventionsandproducts.

Everyonehascreativeabilitytosomeextent.Creativethinkinginvolvesposingoneselfaproblemandthenfindingasolutionalongnewandunconventionallines.Itinvolvesdrawingnewcomparisons,discoveringnewcombinations,and/ornewapplicationsofthingsthatarealreadyknown.Itfollows,then,thatacreativepersonwillexhibitgreatintellectualcuriosityandimagination.Hewillbealertandobservantwithagreatstoreofinformationwhichhewillbeabletosortoutandcombine,inthesolutionofproblems.Hewillbeemotionallyreceptivetonewandunconventionalideasandwillbelessinterestedinfactsthanintheirimplications.Mostimportantofall,hewillbeabletocommunicatefreelyandwillnotbetooconcernedaboutotherpeople’sreactiontohisapparently“crazy”ideas.PeoplecalledtheWrightbrothersmadbutitdidnotstopthemfrombecomingthefirstmentoconstructandflyaheavier-than-aircraft.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatcreativethinking（）.

2.Creativethinkinginvolves（）.

3.Acreativepersonmustlookatfacts（）.

4.Inordertosolvescientificproblems,peopleshould（）.

问题1选项

A.isonlypossessedbygreatartists

B.requiresraretalentandgenius

C.isneededinsolvingmanyproblems

D.belongstoafewluckypeople

问题2选项

A.facingtheproblemandfindingasolution

B.observingtheactionsofgreatpeople

C.drawingnewpicturesofoldthings

D.discoveringnewemotions

问题3选项

A.fortheirfacevalue

B.forwhattheyimply

C.andrememberthem

D.whicharelessinteresting

问题4选项

A.notbeafraidofothers’opinions

B.beascrazyaspossible

C.possessstrangenotions

D.havemorefreedom

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第二句“Creativethinkinginvolvesposingoneselfaproblemandthenfindingasolutionalongnewandunconventionallines.”创造性思维需要给自己提出一个问题,然后沿着新的、非常规的路线找到解决方案。所以选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段第二句“Itinvolvesdrawingnewcomparisons,discoveringnewcombinations,and/ornewapplicationsofthingsthatarealreadyknown.”创造性思维需要对一些事物重新进行比较,发现新的结合点以及已知事物新的应用方法。也就是推陈出新,所以选项C正确。

3.根据第二段倒数第三句“Hewillbeemotionallyreceptivetonewandunconventionalideasandwillbelessinterestedinfactsthanintheirimplications.”有创造力的人会在情感上接受新的和非传统的想法,对事实所暗示的东西兴趣更大,而不是事实本身。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第二段倒数第二句“Mostimportantofall,hewillbeabletocommunicatefreelyandwillnotbetooconcernedaboutotherpeople’sreactiontohisapparently“crazy”ideas.”最重要的是,有创造力的人能够自由交流,不会太在意别人对他的“疯狂”想法的反应。也就是说,不要害怕别人对自己的看法,所以选项A符合原文。

20.单选题

Withfacilitiesworth30to50billiondollarsand9,000milesofroadsinthenationalparksystemalone,keepingupwithneededrepairsis_（）_.

问题1选项

A.overwhelming

B.appalling

C.dominant

D.appealing

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming“势不可挡的”；appalling“令人震惊的”；dominant“主导的”；appealing“吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Iaskedthetailortomakeasmall（）tomytrousersbecausetheyweretoolong.

问题1选项

A.alteration

B.variation

C.revision

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alteration“修改；更改”；B选项variation“变化；变更”；C选项revision“修正；复习”；D选项change“变化；改变”。alteration尤指部分的改变，可用于服装的改长短；variation一般是指(形式、位置、条件的)变化、改变、变动；revision常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正；change改变，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。句意：我要求裁缝对我的裤子稍作……，因为太长了。句中指的是对trousers“长裤”的修改，因此A选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.TheyarepartoftheChristiantradition.

B.TheyaretheoldestbuildingsinEurope.

C.Theyareinworseningcondition.

D.Theyarerenovatedtoattracttourists.

问题2选项

A.Theyconsistofseveralstoreys.

B.Theyarewithoutfoundations.

C.Theyare40metrestallonaverage.

D.Theyhaveahistoryof14centuries.

问题3选项

A.Woodenbuildingskeptthecoldout.

B.Woodwasharmoniouswithnature.

C.TimberwasabundantinScandinavia.

D.TheVikingslikedwoodenstructures.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Datingfromasfarbackasthe12thcentury,theyareclaimedtobetheraresthistoricbuildingsinwesternEurope.ThesebuildingsoffervitalinsightsintoScandinavia’sVikingpast.Butnow,[16]withonly30woodenchurchesremainingandtheirconditiondeteriorating,expertsareworkingtopreservethestructuresforfuturegenerations.

Someofthesespectacularchurchesarenomorethansmallbuildings,barelyfourmeterswideandsixmeterstall.Othersaremuchlargerstructures.Theysoarupto40metersintothecoldair.Mostconsistoftimberframesthatrestonstoneblocks.[17]Thismeansthattheyhavenofoundations.Althoughmanyofthechurchesappearfromtheoutsidetobecomplexstructures,theynormallyfeatureonlyasinglestoreybutnumerousdifferentrooflevels.

StafffromtheNorwegiangovernmenthavecarriedoutconservationworkon10ofthechurchesoverthepasttwoyears.Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.Otherchurcheswereconservedinpreviousyears.Sofar,specialistshaveworkedtoaddpreservativematerialstothechurches,exteriors.Theyalsoreplacedrottingrootsandhaltedthesinkingofthechurchesintotheground.

Intwocases,hugemachineshavebeenusedtoliftthebuildingsupto30centimetersintotheair.Thiswasaccomplishedsothattheteamcouldexamineandrepairthechurches,originalmedievalstoneblocks.Theteamplanstoreturntoaroundadozenofthebuildingstoassessprogressandconsiderfurtheraction.

Theearliestfree-standingwoodenchurchwasprobablybuiltinNorwayinaround1080.However,thelargestknownwoodenchurcheswerebuiltfromthe1130sonwards.Thisperiodwasoneofinter-eliterivalryinwhichnoblessoughttoincreasetheirinfluencebyfundingtheconstructionofchurchesandotherbuildings.

[18]ThereasonforconstructingthebuildingsfromwoodisprobablythatideallyproportionedstraightandslendertimberwasavailableinlargequantitiesinScandinavia’svastpineforests.Aswoodwassoplentiful,itwascheapertousethanthestoneusedinthebuildingsofotherEuropeancultures.

Thearea’sship-buildingtradition,partlyestablishedbytheVikings,alsomeantthatsophisticatedcarpentrywasamajoraspectofthelocalculture.Thecomplexstyleofthemedievalwoodenchurchcarvings,andtheskillsusedtomakethem,almostcertainlyderivefromtheancientVikingtradition.

16.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheVikingwoodenchurches?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是关于维京人木制教堂的信息。录音开头提到，现在只剩下30座维京人的木制教堂，而且它们的状况正在恶化（theirconditiondeteriorating）。C选项是对录音原文的同义替换，因此正确。A选项“它们是基督教传统的一部分”和D选项“为了吸引游客”在录音中均没有提及；B选项“它们是欧洲最古老的建筑”，录音开头提到，它们被认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑，并没有说是最古老的，因此不正确。

17.WhatisspecialaboutmostoftheVikingwoodenchurches?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问维京人的木制教堂有什么特别之处？录音提到，大多数教堂由靠在石块上的木架组成，这意味着它们没有地基（theyhavenofoundations），这和一般的建筑不同，也就是说，没有地基就是它们的特别之处，因此B选项正确。A选项“它们由几层楼组成”，录音中提到维京人的木制教堂通常只有一层，因此A选项可排除。C选项“它们平均有40米高”，录音只是说有些教堂能高耸至40米，并