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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安康学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,(
)?
问题1选项
A.didn’tit
B.usedn’tit
C.didn’tthereuseto
D.didn’tthere
【答案】D
【解析】考查反义疑问句。Therebe句型的反义疑问句必须用there进行反问,若be动词前没有其它情态动词或助动词修饰,则反义疑问句用be动词的适当形式,如be动词前有其它情态动词或助动词修饰,则反义疑问句用该情态动词或助动词的适当形式。本题的反义疑问句部分为:usedn’tthere或didn’tthere,因此选D。句意:几年前这里曾经有过威胁,不是吗?
2.单选题
()forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeasthrivingasitis.
问题1选项
A.Haditnotbeen
B.Beitnot
C.Wereitnot
D.Shoulditnotbe
【答案】A
【解析】考査虚拟语气。虚拟条件句是过去时,从句中吋态应往前推,为过去完成时。本句省略了if,所以需要将助动词had提前。所以选项A正确。
3.单选题
Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis():inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.
问题1选项
A.separated
B.cutoff
C.unique
D.integrated
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”;cutoff“切断,中断”;unique“独特的,独一无二的”;integrated“综合的,完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容:由于文化差异,一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知,一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。
4.单选题
ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimatedtohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.
ItisvirtuallyimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.
ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedissemination(传播)ofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.
26.Thereareabout260millionpeoplewhocanspeak__________.
27.Accordingtothispassage,theEnglishlanguagemightbeused
__________.
28.Theauthorseemstobewondering__________.
29.“thesecountries”(Para.3)mostprobablyrefersto__________.
30.Acommonlanguageisnecessaryforsomemulti-lingualcountries__________.
问题1选项
A.Englishinitsregionalvariety
B.Englishinitsstandardvariety
C.Englishasasecondlanguage
D.Englishasaworkinglanguage
问题2选项
A.foronlyonereasonthatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguage
B.mainlybypeoplefromtheAmericancontinentandtheEuropeancontinent
C.asanofficiallanguageinaninternationalconferenceontheAmericanculture
D.inscienceandtechnologyaswellasinculturalandhistoricalstudiesofallcountries
问题3选项
A.whatmakesupone’sadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish
B.whyEnglishcanservesomanyneedsofvariouspeople
C.howtorelatethetechnologicalproblemsinairportcommunications
D.whenEnglishbecamesowidelyused
问题4选项
A.thedevelopingcountrieswhichusedtobecolonies
B.theformerBritishcolonieswhichnowaredeveloping
C.thecolonizedcountrieswhichbecomeasstrongasBritain
D.thedevelopingcountrieswhicharestillcolonizedbyBritain
问题5选项
A.forbothinternalandinternationalcommunications
B.foraccesstothedevelopmentinothercountries
C.forhigherefficiencyofthegovernmentandbetterlifeofthepublic
D.forwidercommunicationsamongcolonialnations
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】26.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二三句,Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage…“今天,据估计大约有2.6亿人把英语作为母语使用,主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰。除了在这些地区发现的标准英语变体外,还有许多地区和社会的英语变体”,由此可知答案选B选项“标准英语”。
A选项“具有地域多样性的英语”,见正确选项,由此可知这里错误,属于反向干扰。
C选项“英语作为第二语言”,文章没有提及属于无中生有,所以不选。
D选项“作为工作语言的英语”,文章没有提及属于无中生有,所以不选。
27.事实细节题。定位到第三段第二句话Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.“除了满足以英语为母语的人无穷无尽的需求外,在科学、技术和其他领域,一些最重要的著作也是用英语写成的,而且这些著作并不总是由以英语为母语的人写成的”,从这里可知D选项“(被用)在科学和技术以及所有国家的文化和历史研究中”正确;
A选项“英语成为国际语言只有一个原因”,定位到第二段最后一句ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“学习英语的目的和学习英语的环境是如此不同,很难定义,更难以评估什么构成了每一种情况下的充分的工作知识。”从这里可知人们学习英语的目的不同,也就导致英语成为国际语言的原因是多种因素综合起来的,所以A选项错误,这里属于以偏概全;
B选项“主要是来自美洲大陆和欧洲大陆的人”,定位到第一段第二句话mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.“主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰”从这里可知B选项错误,非洲大陆也有很多国家讲英语,这里属于以偏概全;
C选项“作为美国文化国际会议的官方语言”,定位到第三段第三句Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedisseminationofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.“它被广泛用于气象和机场通信、国际会议以及通过许多国家的无线电和电视网络传播信息等目的”,从这里可以看出不止是美国,很多国家在开国际会议时都用的是英语,这里属于以偏概全。
28.主旨大意题。关注首末两段中心句,第一段中心句是第二句thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.“这种语言有许多地区和社会变体,在口语和书面形式中也有不同程度的用法”,这是文章的中心句,这段说明英语的广泛使用;第三段中心句是ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage“对英语的广泛需求的主要原因是它作为一种世界语言在当今的重要性”,这段讲的是为什么很多人会学英语的原因。结合两者可知作者主要是弄清楚B选项“为什么英语能满足不同人的需求”。
A选项“是什么构成了一个人足够的英语工作知识”,作者已经在第二段最后一句说明了itisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“定义每种情况下的充分工作知识是困难的,更困难的是评估”,所以这里不能选,属于反向干扰。
C选项“如何联系机场通讯中的技术问题”,文章没有提及属于无中生有。
D选项“当英语变得如此广泛使用时”,见正确选项,文章的主要内容是为什么英语被广泛使用的原因,不是时间,这里属于反向干扰。
29.事实细节题,定位到第三段倒数第二句Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.从这里可以看出“这些国家”指的是以前被英国殖民过的发展中国家,B选项“现在正在发展的前英国殖民地”是其同义替代选项,所以答案选B选项;
A选项“曾经是殖民地的发展中国家”,见正确选项,以前是殖民地但不一定是英国的殖民地,属于偷换概念。
C选项“成为和英国一样强大的殖民地国家”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
D选项“仍然被英国殖民的发展中国家”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
30.事实细节题。定位到第三段最后一句话Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.“这些国家中有许多人口使用多种语言,在政府、商业、工业、法律和教育等方面的内部交流以及国际交流和了解西方的科学和技术发展都需要一种语言。”从这里可以知道答案选A选项“用于国内和国际交流”。
B选项“为了和其他国家的发展接轨”文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
C选项“为了更高的效率和更好的公众生活”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
D选项“殖民国家之间更广泛的交流”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
5.单选题
Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone()anopportunitytohearthespeech.
问题1选项
A.oughttohave
B.musthave
C.mayhave
D.shouldhave
【答案】D
【解析】句意:扬声器被安装在走廊,以便所每个人都有机会听到这个演讲。
语法题。考查情态动词。oughtto(表示责任、义务等)应该;应当;must(因为强迫、道义或理智及好感的驱使)必须,应当;may(表示可能性)可能,也许;should(表示可能性、期待、推论等)应该,可能或做为shall(将,一定会(按规律会发生))的过去形式。因此D符合句意。
6.单选题
Asanindependentcitizen,heseesnoobligationtoopenhimselftofurther(
).
问题1选项
A.screech
B.scrutiny
C.scrub
D.scrap
【答案】B
【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项screech“尖叫声”;B选项scrutiny“详细审查,监视”;C选项scrub“矮树,洗擦”;D选项scrap“碎片,残余物”。根据关键词“independentcitizen独立公民”和动词“open公开,打开”,可知空格部分单词意思“审查,检查”,句意为:作为一个独立的公民,他认为没有义务进一步让自己接受审查。选项B与之意思相近。
7.单选题
Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.
Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.
Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto().
32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind().
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas().
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
问题1选项
A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees
B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination
C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted
D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches
问题2选项
A.acceptanceoftruth
B.controversyoverprinciples
C.inordinateenthusiasm
D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation
问题3选项
A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.
B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.
C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.
D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.
问题4选项
A.enslavedbytradition
B.lessthanfollyrational
C.havingaclosedmind
D.determinedoncontroversy
问题5选项
A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.
B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.
C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection
D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:D
【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.这不是公正对待这些论点的方法,也不是让它们与她自己的思想真正接触的方法。她必须能够听到那些真正相信这些论点的人的声音,那些真诚地为这些论点辩护的人的声音,那些竭尽全力为这些论点辩护的人的声音。她必须以最似是而非、最具说服力的形式来认识这些问题:她必须感受到对问题的真实看法所必须面对和处理的困难的全部力量;否则,她将永远无法真正掌握真理的那一部分,从而克服并消除那个困难。据此可知作者认为如果一个人只知道自己的观点而不关心对立观点,不倾听对立观点的声音,那么就很难获得真理。”作者用了三个must表明正确的做法是什么,从中我们了解到正确做法就是要熟悉那些你不赞成的观点。故A项正确。
2.判断推理题。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛围中,曾经有,而且可能会再次出现伟大的个人思想家。但是,在那种气氛中,从来没有,也永远不会有一个思想活跃的民族。在那里有一种不成文的惯例,即原则是不容置疑的,对那些可以占据人类的最伟大的问题的讨论被认为是封闭的,我们就不能指望发现使某些历史时期如此非凡的普遍的大规模精神活动。”文艺复兴是属于思想活动的顶峰,必然会讨论原则问题。所以B项正确。
3.细节事实题。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所谓受过教育的人处于这种状态;甚至那些能够流利地为自己的观点辩护的人。他们的结论可能是正确的,但也可能他们所知道的一切都是错误的。他们从未把自己置于与他们想法不同的人的心理位置上,也从未考虑过这些人可能会说些什么;所以结果是他们不知道他们自己所信奉的教条的真正的意义。”由此可知A项与之相反,B项与之相符,故B项正确。CD两项文中没有提及。
4.判断推理题。题干问那些持有未经检验的正统信仰的人没有以下哪项特征。A项:为传统所奴役;B项:不怎么理智;C项:头脑闭塞;D项:对辩论是坚决的。一般来说,持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考,更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。故ABC三项都是这种人的特点。
5.判断推理题。A项“一个真正的思想家不犯错误”;B项“对公认观点的驳斥最好由自己的老师来提供。”C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”;D项“过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知历史上思想活动的顶峰时期如文艺复兴时期,各大学派互相辩论,使思想摩擦出火花,使文艺复兴成为文化运动的顶峰。故C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”正确。
8.翻译题
Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.
【答案】和古典时代的科学相比,现代科学基本上是未完成状态,然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象,而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道,完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候,僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后,这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物理——只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看,现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此,现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。
9.单选题
Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨碍)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.
“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.
ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining(抱怨),whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.
Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.
Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.
ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.
1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”?
2.AccordingtotheILOreport,().
3.TheILOreport().
4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?
问题1选项
A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.
B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.
C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.
D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.
问题2选项
A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels
B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms
C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms
D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms
问题3选项
A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.
B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.
C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.
D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.
问题4选项
A.Sexualharassment
B.Complaining
C.Protesting
D.Tryingtobefriendly
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“报告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思?”文章第一段最后一句话提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍”(“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks);第一段提到国际劳动组织写的一篇报告,报告强调了女性进入高层的一些体制和态度上的偏见(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs),因此选项A“(玻璃天花板)指存在于一些公司的偏见和体系”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段第一句话提到“世界可能正在对女性变得友好,但是企业董事会却没有,联合国最近发布的一项调查显示,在西方公司,女性在最高管理职位中所占的比例不到3%”(Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently),由此可知选项D“除了在西方公司的董事会,女性的生活变好”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。题目问的是“国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段提到国际劳工组织报告称,女性占全球劳动力的40%以上,但即使她们通过了“玻璃天花板——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍——她们的收入也远远低于男性”(Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid),由此可知选项C“悲观,因为即使少部分女性进入了高层,她们的收入还是少很多”符合题意。
4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在与性骚扰作斗争时,女性没有采用下列哪项策略?”文章第三段提到抗议和抱怨使她们背负上了“女权主义者”和“发牢骚”的名号,同时想喝男性打成一片又招来了更多的骚扰(“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining,whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment),由此可知“抱怨”“抗议”“试图友好”都是女性采取的措施,所以选项A符合题意。
10.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
BeginningintheUnitedStatesinDecember2007(andwithmuchgreaterintensitysinceSeptember2008,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch),muchoftheindustrializedworldhasbeenundergoingarecession,apronounceddecelerationofeconomicactivity.Thisglobalrecessionhasbeentakingplaceinaneconomicenvironmentcharacterizedbyvariousimbalancesandwassparkedbytheoutbreakofthefinancialcrisisof2007-2010.Althoughthelate2000srecessionhasattimesbeenreferredtoas“theGreatRecession,”thissamephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoeveryrecessionoftheseveralprecedingdecades.InJuly2009,itwasannouncedthatagrowingnumberofeconomistsbelievedthattherecessionmayhaveended.
ThefinancialcrisishasbeenlinkedtorecklessandunsustainablelendingpracticescompoundedbygovernmentinterventionandthegrowingtrendofsecuritizationofrealestatemortgageintheUnitedStates.TheUSmortgage-backedsecurities,whichhadrisksthatwerehardtoassess,weremarketedaroundtheworld.Amorebroadbasedcreditboomfedaglobalspeculativebubbleinrealestateandequities,whichservedtoreinforcetheriskylendingpractices.Theprecariousfinancialsituationwasmademoredifficultbyasharpincreaseinoilandfoodprices.TheemergenceofSub-primeloanlossesin2007beganthecrisisandexposedotherriskyloansandover-inflatedassetprocess.WithloanlossesmountingandthefallofLehmanBrothersonSeptember15,2008,amajorpanicbrokeoutontheinter-bankloanmarket.AsshareandhousingpricesdeclinedmanylargeandwellestablishedinvestmentandcommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesandEuropesufferedhugelossesandevenfacedbankruptcy,resultinginmassivepublicfinancialassistance.
Aglobalrecessionhasresultedinsharpdropininternationaltrade,risingunemploymentandslumpingcommodityprices.InDecember2008,theNationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)declaredthattheUnitedStateshadbeeninrecessionsinceDecember2007.Severaleconomistshavepredictedthatrecoverymaynotappearuntil2011andthattherecessionwillbetheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Theconditionsleadinguptothecrisis,characterizedbyanexorbitantriseinassetpricesandassociatedboomineconomicdemand,areconsideredaresultoftheextendedperiodofeasilyavailablecredit,inadequateregulationandoversight,orincreasinginequality.
TherecessionhasrenewedinterestinKeynesianeconomicideasonhowtocombatrecessionaryconditions.Fiscalandmonetarypolicieshavebeensignificantlyeasedtostemtherecessionandfinancialrisks.Mosteconomistsbelievethatthestimulusshouldbewithdrawnassoonastheeconomiesrecoverenoughto“chartapathtosustainablegrowth”.
【答案】2007年12月从美国开始(美国国家经济研究局称,自2008年9月以来,美国的经济衰退强度更大),许多工业化国家经济衰退,经济活动明显减速。这次全球经济衰退发生在以各种不平衡为特征的经济环境中,是由2007-2010年金融危机爆发引起的。虽然2000年后期的经济衰退有时被称为“经济大衰退”,但同样的说法也被用来指过去几十年的每一次经济衰退。2009年7月,越来越多的经济学家相信此次经济衰退可能已经结束。
这次金融危机与不计后果和无法维持的借贷行为有关,再加上政府的干预和美国房地产抵押证券化的日益增长的趋势。美国抵押担保证券已在世界各地被销售,这些证券的风险很难评估。
一个更广泛的信贷繁荣催生了全球房地产和股票投机泡沫,从而加强了高风险贷款做法。岌岌可危的财政状况因石油和食品价格急剧上涨而变得更加困难了。2007年次贷款亏损的出现引发了这次危机,暴露了其他高风险贷款和过度膨胀的资产过程。随着贷款损失的增加以及2008年9月15日雷曼兄弟的破产,银行间贷款市场出现了重大恐慌。随着股票和房价的下跌,美国和欧洲许多大型、老牌的投资银行和商业银行遭受了巨大的损失,甚至面临破产,从而导致大量的公共财政援助。
全球经济衰退导致国际贸易急剧下降,失业率上升,商品价格下跌。2008年12月,美国国家统计局宣布,自2007年12月以来,美国一直处于经济衰退状态。几位经济学家预测,经济复苏可能要到2011年才会出现,这次经济经济衰退将是20世纪30年代经济大萧条以来最严重的一次。导致这次经济危机的条件被认为是由于信贷期限延长、监管和监督不足或不平等加剧造成的,其特点是资产价格暴涨和相关的经济需求激增。
这次经济经济衰退使人们对凯恩斯主义关于如何应对经济衰退的经济观点重新产生了兴趣。财政和货币政策已大幅度放松,以遏制经济衰退和金融风险。大多数经济学家认为,一旦经济恢复到足以“开辟一条可持续增长的道路”,经济刺激计划就应该立即退出。
11.单选题
They()sotiredifthey()forawholeday.
问题1选项
A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk
B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.
C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking
D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查混合虚拟语气,if引导的条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反的情况,应该用had+过去分词,因此可以排除选项A、B、C,又因为主句部分表示的是现在事实相反的情况,所以需要用would+动原,由此可知,此题选项D为正确答案。句意:如果他们不是一整天都在走路,那么他们将不会感到如此疲惫。
12.单选题
Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI,seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.
Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.
FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.
Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatA
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