考研考博-英语-南京师范大学中北学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京师范大学中北学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

问题1选项

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。worthless“不值钱的，无价值的”；priceless“无价的，极贵重的”；valueless“无价值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的学识和经验将成为团队无价的资产。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfitwillbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.retort

C.revenge

D.remedy

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。revive“复兴，苏醒”；retort“反驳，回嘴”；revenge“复仇”；remedy“补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinaudio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction（）.

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（）.

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“lots”outoftheorderbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.

问题2选项

A.spoiltgoods

B.oldworn-outweapons

C.propertytakenfromtheenemy

D.spears

问题3选项

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

问题4选项

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?1.为什么拍卖结束被称为“knockingdown”？

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.A.因为拍卖师会把买家击倒。

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.B.因为拍卖人会把桌子砸倒。

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.C.因为货物被撞到桌子上了。

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.D.因为拍卖人用锤子敲桌子。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词knockingdown定位至第一段倒数第二句“这就是所谓的‘knockingdown’商品，因为当拍卖师用小锤子敲打他面前的桌子时，竞价就结束了”，可知，拍卖结束被称为knockingdown是因为拍卖结束时拍卖师会用小锤子敲打他面前的桌子，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“因为拍卖师会把买家击倒”、B项“因为拍卖人会把桌子砸倒”和C项“因为货物被撞到桌子上了”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction______.2.罗马人过去通过拍卖来出售______。

A.spoiltgoodsA.损坏的货物

B.oldworn-outweaponsB.老旧武器

C.propertytakenfromtheenemyC.从敌人手中夺取的战利品

D.spearsD.矛

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“罗马人通常以这种方式出售他们在战争中获得的战利品（thespoilstakeninwar）”，可知，罗马人过去通过拍卖来出售战争中获得的战利品，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“损坏的货物”和B项“老旧武器”原文没有提及，无中生有；

D项“矛”是人群聚集的信号，不是拍卖的物品，属于张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales______.3.在拍卖会上，人们点着蜡烛，______。

A.becausetheytookplaceatnightA.因为拍卖是在晚上进行的

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogatherB.作为群众聚集的信号

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarmC.为了给拍卖师保暖

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemadeD.限制提出报价的时间

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品通常是‘通过蜡烛’出售的：拍卖师点燃一支短蜡烛，然后在蜡烛点着的时候出价”，可知，在拍卖会中人们点上蜡烛，然后在它燃着的时候出价，也就是说，蜡烛熄灭，报价就停止了。说明蜡烛是用来限制报价的时间的。D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“因为拍卖是在晚上进行的”和C项“为了给拍卖师保暖”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

B项“作为群众聚集的信号”，根据第二段第二句“……一根矛被插在地上，作为人群聚集的信号”可知，矛才是群众聚集的信号，该项张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“lots”outoftheorderbecause______.4.拍卖人可能会决定出售这些“拍品”，因为______。

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyersA.他有时想迷惑买家

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitemsB.根据他的经验，他知道某些人会想买某些东西

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaitingC.他想让某些人久等

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyersD.他想减少买家的数量

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】第一段第三句提到“拍卖人不需要从第一件拍品开始，然后按数字顺序继续；他可能会一直等着直到他登记的某些经销商到达房间之后，才会出示他们可能感兴趣的物品”，这也就是说，拍卖人拍卖物品是根据经销商对物品的感兴趣程度来的，B项“根据他的经验，他知道某些人会想买某些东西”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“他有时想迷惑买家”、C项“他想让某些人久等”和D项“他想减少买家的数量”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有。

4.单选题

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。

句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。

5.单选题

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

问题1选项

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contraction收缩；缩小B.collision碰撞；冲突

C.corrosion腐蚀；侵蚀D.corruption腐败；堕落

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：塑料比金属更轻，更耐……，但它们通常不坚固。由常识可知大部分塑料的抗腐蚀能力强，因此选C选项。

【干扰项排除】

A选项contraction“收缩；缩小”，根据常识可知塑料遇热易收缩，不符合句意。

B选项collision“碰撞；冲突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D选项corruption“腐败；堕落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金属更轻，更耐腐蚀，但通常不坚固。

6.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“legitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.英国是游说欧盟放松拟议数据保护规则的9个国家之一。此举将让日益担心其业务受到潜在影响的谷歌和社交网站“脸书”等美国科技公司松一口气，因为这些公司一直都担心它们的业务可能受到影响。

47.然而，这些规则的最终确定和实施可能需要数年时间。

48.欧盟的目标是为欧盟所有27个成员国建立一套统一的隐私标准，消除导致混乱的国家差异。

49.她在2012年1月公布了这一想法，她建议除非有合法理由保留这些数据，否则人们应该有能力要求公司在数据存储中删除关于他们的数据。

50.谷歌公司尤其对这个想法进行了激烈的游说反对，因为它会破坏它的数据存储并在历史记录中产生漏洞。

7.单选题

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

问题1选项

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。putsb.in，一般不单独使用;putsb.out“使某人不高兴”；putsb.on,一般不单独使用；putsb.up“给某人提供食宿”。根据空格处后面的foranight可知只有选项D符合题意，“给他提供食宿的女士”。

8.单选题

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather（）cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

问题1选项

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海伦写了一本有关她的父亲在死于癌症之前如何与其作斗争的书。

考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。contendfor争夺；complywith照做，遵守；recoverfrom复原，从…重新获得；fightagainst对抗，反对，与……作斗争。因此D符合句意。

9.单选题

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

问题1选项

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。

10.翻译题

过去十年间，中国手机网络的发展可谓有目共睹，几乎每年都会新增约八千万用户，但据英国广播公司报道，在某种程度上，真正的通讯革命才刚刚开始。

今年，中国将取代美国成为世界最大的智能手机市场。对很多中国人来说，智能手机使他们第一次拥有了通向互联网的私人路径。这对于信息技术开发商、尤其是移动手机应用程序开发商来说是非比寻常的机遇。

那么，应用程序开发商是怎么在中国赚到钱的呢？一种方法就是尝试“应用内销售”一一他们推出免费的应用程序，一旦用户被吸引，再以较低的价格卖给他们体验增强版。虽然中国的用户只愿意出几分钱来购买升级服务，但只要想想用户多达数百万，加在一起很快就是一大笔钱。不过，对于非游戏类应用程序开发商来说，要发展就得依靠广告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

11.单选题

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

问题1选项

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由选项中动词的过去形式可知本题考查if引导的虚拟条件句。第一空条件从句中，如果使用一般过去时则表示对现在事实的虚拟，be动词固定用were；相应的主句应使用would+动词原形表示。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

问题1选项

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

问题2选项

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

问题3选项

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

问题4选项

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

问题5选项

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知维他命A有利于眼睛、皮肤、牙齿和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝脏和黄油中。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知维C对骨骼和牙齿有好处，存在于西红柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D两项。根据文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”维生素B1有利于神经和消化系统，所以排除D选项。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”。可知维他命是一组存在于食物中的物质。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人体只需要少量的维生素。选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知当多余的维生素被摄入时，人体会排除它们。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

问题1选项

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。Whereas引导的句子与前面是并列关系，因此D选项处动词时态应与prescribe保持一致，因此需要将uphold改为upheld。

14.单选题

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilitiesofMiddleAmerican.

ThreeyearsagobasketballstarCharlesBarkleyappearedinaNikecommercialwherehegloweredatthecameraanddeclared,“Iamnotarolemodel,”Sincethen,hisendorsementtakebeencutinhalf.Hillreadilyacknowledges“Iamarolemodel.”Inadditiontogetting$6millionayearfromFilaplusa5percentroyaltyonthesaleofhisshoes,HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.Itappearsthatniceguysarefinishingfirstintheendorsementgame.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,basketballstarGrantHillhasendorsecontractwith（）

3.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesthemostfromendorsement?

4.Allofthefollowingareregardedas“NiceGuys”availabletoendorsetheproductsEXCEPT（）

5.Fila,anItaliancompanyfirstsignedGrantHilltoanendorsementcontract（）

问题1选项

A.DallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinmade13Toyotadealershipspulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.

B.“Niceguys”havefarmoreeffectsonU.S.companiesthantheirreverentathletes.

C.BasketballstarGrantHill,embodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthananyotherathlete.

D.Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.

问题2选项

A.McDonald’s

B.Nike

C.PizzaHut

D.HertzCorp.

问题3选项

A.GrantHill

B.DennisRodman

C.MichaelJordan

D.O.J.Simpson

问题4选项

A.MichaelChang

B.SteveYoung

C.ShaquilleO’Neal

D.DennisRodman

问题5选项

A.in1996

B.in1995

C.in1994

D.in1993

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文中第三段的第一句“Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.”可知本句为全文的中心句。所以选项D正确。选项A只是文中提到的一个例子；选项B,C描述不准确。所以本题选D。

2.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.”可知选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.”可知选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段“Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.Amongthemare...”选项A,B,C均有提及；根据第三段“basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.”可知DennisRodman的形象不太好。所以本题选D。

5.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句“ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.”可知选项C正确。

15.单选题

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我们正准备和他们进行一些交易，所以我们想确切地了解他们的信用状况。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。transmit传播；传送：transfer使转移;调任;transact办理;执行；进行（贸易、谈判等）;transport运输。空格处的宾语是business(商业，交易)，因此C项符合句意。

16.单选题

Tourismdevelopsculture.Itbroadensthethinkingofthetravelerandleadstoculture（1）betweenthehostsandguestsfromfar-offplaces.Thiscanbenefitthelocals,sincetouristsbringculture（2）them.

Tourismmayhelptopreserveindigenouscustoms,（3）traditionalshows,parades,celebrationsandfestivalsareputonfortourists.Themusicals,playsandseriousdramaofLondontheatresandotherkindsofnightlifeare（4）supportedbytourists.Sucheventsmightdisappearwithoutthestimulusoftourismto（5）them.

Ontheotherhand,tourismoftencontributestothedisappearanceoflocaltraditionsandfolklore.Churches,templesandsimilarplacesofworshipare（6）astouristattractions.Thiscanbe（7）theexpenseoftheiroriginalfunction:howmanybelieverswanttoworshipinthemiddleofaflowofatheistinvaders?Whowouldwanttopray（8）curiousonlookersshuffletoandfrowithguidebooks,ratherthanprayerbooks,intheirhands?

Tourismmaybringotherindirectculturalconsequencesinits（9）.Tensionswhichalreadyexistbetweenancientandmoremodernwaysmaybedeepenedbytourists’ignoranceof（10）customsandbeliefs.Tourists,ifnotactuallyricher,oftenseemmorewell-offthannatives.Theformermaythereforefeelsuperior,（11）thelatterembarrassedabouttheirlifestyles.Theresultmaybeaninferiorfeelingwhich（12）helpsthesenseofidentitywhichissoimportanttoregionalculture.Thepovertyofalocalitycanlookevenworsewhen（13）withthecomfortablehotelenvironmentinhabitedbytourists.ProsperousretiredorelderlytouristsfromBritain,wheretheaveragelifeexpectancyis75years,maywell（14）resentmentinSierraLeone,wherethelocalpopulationcanexpecttolivetonomorethan41years.Therelativeprosperityoftouristsmay（15）crime.InGambia,unemployedyoungpeopleoffertoactas“professionalfriends”—guides,companionsorsexualpartnersinreturnformoney.Whenthetourismseasonisover,theycannolongergetwagesthatwaysothey（16）topettystealingfromthelocalpopulace.Allthisaffectsthelocalsociallifeandculture（17）.

Culturalerosioncanalsotakeplaceatmore（18）levels.Greekvillagerstraditionally（19）themselvesontheirhospitality.Theywould（20）travelersforfree,feedingthemandlisteningtotheirstories.Totakemoneywouldhavebeenadisgrace.Thathaschangednow.Touristsexisttobeexploited.Perhapsthisishardlysurprisingiftheearningsfromoneroomrentedtoatouristcanexceedateacher’smonthlysalary.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.contact

C.concern

D.constraint

问题2选项

A.with

B.to

C.over

D.by

问题3选项

A.likethat

B.ifwhen

C.asif

D.aswhen

问题4选项

A.largely

B.extremely

C.positively

D.totally

问题5选项

A.entertain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.pertain

问题6选项

A.considered

B.taken

C.treated

D.made

问题7选项

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.to

问题8选项

A.how

B.that

C.while

D.when

问题9选项

A.sake

B.wake

C.sense

D.cost

问题10选项

A.regional

B.native

C.territorial

D.local

问题11选项

A.making

B.allowing

C.ignoring

D.leaving

问题12选项

A.ha