考研考博-英语-威海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-威海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformedpersuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.

Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttodegreeremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.

56.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto______.

57.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”______.

58.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat______.

59.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswho______.

60.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

问题1选项

A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

B.discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

C.exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

D.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

问题2选项

A.servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

B.hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

C.haswonsupportfrominfluentials

D.requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

问题3选项

A.thepowerofinfluencesgoeswithsocialinteractions

B.interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

C.influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

D.mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

问题4选项

A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

B.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

C.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

D.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

问题5选项

A.Theeagernesstobeaccepted.

B.Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.

C.Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.

D.Theinclinationtorelyonothers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“通过引用《引爆点》一书，作者想要……”。第一段最后一句指出Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.（这个想法在直觉上很有说服力，但它并没有解释这种想法实际上是如何传播的），可推断作者引用这本书是想要讨论影响者在传播思想中发挥的作用，故B项“讨论影响者在传播思想中的作用”正确。A项“分析社会流行病的后果”和C项“举例说明人们对社会流行病的直觉反应”在文中没有提及；D项“描述影响者的基本特征”这是文章的细节描述，不够概括作者的总体主旨。因此，该题选择B项正确。

57.推理判断题。题干意思是“作者认为‘两级传播理论’……”。第二段第一句提到Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”（人们认为有影响力的人很重要，这源于一个听起来貌似合理但基本上未经验证的理论，即“两级传播理论”）可知，作者认为这个理论听起来合理但没有经过验证，即没有可靠的证据支持，所以D项“对于它的有效性需要可靠的证据”符合题意。第二段第二句提到Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.（营销人员已经接受了两级传播，因为它表明，如果他们能找到并影响那些有影响力的人，这些被选中的人就会为他们做大部分工作），接着第三段指出Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.（然而，在他们最近的工作中，一些研究人员发现，影响者对社会流行的影响远比一般认为的要小）可知，“两级传播理论”在营销中的作用不大，A项“是作为营销问题的解决方案”不符合原文；根据第二段第三句Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.（这一理论似乎也解释了某些外观、品牌或社区的突然和意外的流行）中的seems（似乎）可知，作者不太认为该理论解释了某些流行趋势发生的原因，故B项“已经帮助解释了某些流行趋势”错误；C项“赢得了有影响力的人的支持”在文中没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.推理判断题。题干意思是“研究人员最近的观察表明……”。第四段第三句指出Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon.（但是，要使一种社会流行潮真正形成，每一个受影响的人必须接着去影响他或她的熟人，这些熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环下去），由此可以推断，影响是通过不断与人互动接触而传播的，故A项“影响的力量与社会互动有关”符合题意。B项“通过媒体可以加强人际联系”、C项“有影响力的人有更多的渠道接触公众”和D项“大多数名人都受到媒体的广泛关注”都没有提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.推理判断题。题干意思是“第四段中下划线的短语‘thesepeople’指的是哪些人？”。根据题干定位到第四段第三句andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.（这些人中的每个人能得到多少人的关注与最初的有影响力的人没有多大关系），通过该句的上文Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon（但是，要使一种社会流行潮真正形成，每一个受影响的人必须接着去影响他或她的熟人，这些熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环下去）可知，thesepeople指的是“受到影响再去影响别人的人”，所以C项“受到影响，然后再影响他人的人”正确，且D项“受到最初的影响的人”与原文不符合；A项“远离社会影响的网络的人”和B项“与影响力的来源接触很少的人”在该处未提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.推理判断题。题干意思是“什么是社会影响动态中的基本要素？”。根据文章最后一句Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.（他们发现，所谓的“全球级联”——即影响力通过网络广泛传播——的主要要求不是存在少数有影响力的人，而是存在一大批容易受影响的人）可知，要传播社会影响，主要要求是需要存在愿意受影响的人，故C项“愿意受影响”正确；A项“渴望被接受”、B项“影响他人的冲动”和D项“依赖他人的倾向”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.He’slosthisnotebook.

B.Hishandwritingismessy.

C.He’llmissclasslaterthisweek.

D.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.

【答案】C

【解析】M:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor’sappointment.AndIneedtoborrowsomeone’snotes.

W:Well,youcancertainlyborrowmine,ifyoudon’tmindmymessyhandwriting.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士说:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment(周五我得翘课，因为我约了病诊)。

3.单选题

Doyouwantflyfirstor（

）class?

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。economicalclass“经济舱”。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Thelocalgovernmenthas（）thelandownerstofishthesewaters.

问题1选项

A.transformed

B.ransferred

C.licensed

D.allocated

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意：当地政府已经（）地主在河里钓鱼。transformed转变；transferred移动、转移；licensed许可；allocated分配。故选C。

5.单选题

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

问题1选项

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提倡……改变，他们认为可以保持消费者的低成本状态。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，彻底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根据后面的“消费者的低成本状态”可知前面的改变是“适度的”，即划线单词的意思是“适度的；合理的”。因此选项A符合题意。

6.不定项选择题

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

问题2选项

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

问题3选项

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

问题4选项

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

问题5选项

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.总统项目的重点是____。

A.investmentA.投资

B.economyB.经济

C.technologyC.技术

D.taxD.税收

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术（thecruxisthetechnology），这也是总统项目的重点所在”因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；

B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统，属于本末倒置；

D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他们想要一个更直接的行动。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他们想重建工业。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他们想要保护性关税壁垒。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；

C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中一部分，该选项以偏概全；

D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?编者的态度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厌恶。

C.Disapproval.C.反对。

D.Compromise.D.妥协。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”，综合理解可以推测出作者的态度是支持的。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“厌恶”、C选项“反对”、D选项“妥协”不符合原文作者的观点，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.这个计划的危险在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.双方的反对意见

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.双方对这个计划有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通过

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过，而在于左右翼的理论家将通过修正案歪曲该法案（distortthebillwithamendments），从而模糊其对技术的关注。”。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“双方的反对意见”，属于无中生有；

B选项“双方对这个计划有不同的看法”，属于无中生有；

C选项“它的通过”，通过解题思路可知文中明确提到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过”，为反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

Thepassageis____.这篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顾

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一则广告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，该文章是作者对美国经济计划的客观描述。这是对大事件的报道。editorial表示报纸上的一篇重要文章，表达编辑对某条新闻或某一问题的看法，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一篇回顾”，指回想过去发生的事情。而该文章描述的是一个经济计划，因此属于无中生有；

B选项“一篇前言”，指写在书或者文章前的序言或导言，该篇文章是一个陈述并非引导，属于无中生有；

C选项“一则广告”，广告应该要宣传什么，不符合文章内容，属于无中生有。

7.单选题

Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjustedto______the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices.

问题1选项

A.minglewith

B.pickup

C.tuckin

D.allowfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项minglewith“和……混合”，B项pickup“捡起，获得，收拾”，C项tuckin“紧缩，塞入，尽情地吃”，D项allowfor“考虑到，虑及”。由Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjusted“货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整”和the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices“平均价格水平10%的增长”可知，“获得”符合语境。句意：货币工资、利率和税收都进行了调整，以加快平均价格水平10%的增长。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】句意:一些人认为直译法，或逐字翻译比意译更容易。

考查形近词辨析。Literal文字的，逐字逐句的;literary文学的,书面的;liberal自由主义的，慷慨的;linear线型的，直线的，线状的。根据关键词easierthanafreetranslation(比意译更容易)可知这里是将直译与其作对比,故选A。

9.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause______inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.concentrated

C.assembled

D.permeated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingled“混合；交往；使混合；使相混”；B选项concentrated“集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集”；C选项assembled“集合，聚集；装配；收集”；D选项permeated“渗透，透过；弥漫；透入；散布”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声交织成一声持续的吼声。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Facingthedanger,theywerequitethemselves.

问题1选项

A.incaseof

B.innameof

C.inpossessionof

D.inchargeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incaseof“万一”；innameof“名义上”；inpossessionof“拥有；占有”；inchargeof“负责；主管”。句意：面对危险，他们能够照顾好自己。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Mrs.Greenreceivedan（）letterthreateningtoexposeherprivatelifeifsherefusedtopay$10,000.

问题1选项

A.anonymous

B.apparent

C.arbitrary

D.artificial

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：格林太太收到了一封匿名信，威胁说如果她拒绝支付10000美元，就要揭露她的私生活。因此选A。

12.单选题

Thepreviousweekshe’dbroughthomeagreasy-hairedbikerwithall（

）overhisarms.

问题1选项

A.tattoos

B.taboos

C.teaks

D.tenets

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tattoos“刺青，纹身”；B选项taboos“禁忌”；C选项teaks“柚木”；D选项tenets“原理，原则”。根据前面的关键词“greasy-hairedbiker油头粉面的骑手”，可知“tattoo刺青，纹身”最符合题意，句意为：上个星期，她带回来一个油头粉面的骑手，故正确答案选A。

13.单选题

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningof17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558——1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’snatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofactualpower;asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhosometimesdominatedtheirmenbysheerforceofpersonalityoroutrightdefiance.TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640—60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

4.Whatdidthereligiondoforthewomen?

5.Whatdoestheword“apex”meaninthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

问题2选项

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

问题3选项

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

问题4选项

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

问题5选项

A.thelowestpoint

B.theend

C.ultimate

D.summit

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段主要是讲17世纪初，英国的社会环境主要是压制妇女的声音；第二段主要讲述17世纪，一些社会和文化条件赋予妇女权力；第三段讲述整个17世纪，英国女性行使了大量实际权力，并在中期达到顶峰。所以本文主要是论述17世纪英国妇女的地位。选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“DuringtheElizabethaneratheculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.”伊丽莎白时代的文化由一个强大的女王统治，尽管她为其他女性没有留下多少文化空间，但她本人却树立了一个令人印象深刻的女性榜样。由此推断，选项C符合原文。。

3.根据第二段后半部分的内容“Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities...,theseparatecourtofQueenAnneandheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation”只有选项D没有提及。

4.根据第三段的第二句“Thereisplentyofsupport...,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality...”，在《圣保罗书信集》和《圣经》的其他地方都有很多支持父权制，认为妻子应该对丈夫的服从，但是一些文本(尤其是迦3:28章节)却记录了一种完全不同的政治，提倡妇女的精神平等。所以选项B符合原文。

5.根据下文“TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnumastheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles”当时国王被处决，随之而来的社会等级制度被打破，导致许多女性获得了新的角色。由此推断，女性权力在英国内战和过渡期达到了顶峰，选项D正确。thelowestpoint指最低点；theend指终点；ultimate指终极的。

14.单选题

Asthesilentfilm（）sound,sodidthesoundfilm（）color.

问题1选项

A.criedoutfor...criedoutfor

B.cryoutfor...cryoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor...criedoutfor

D.hadcriedoutfor...cryoutfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。综合选项，可看出后半句是部分倒装结构，因此第二空应填动词原形，可排除A和C选项。前半句描述的事情发生在后半句之前，因此时态应使用过去完成时表示，D选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Moststudentsarriveatcollegeusing“discrete,concreteandabsolutecategoriestounderstandpeople,knowledge,andvalues.”Thesestudentslivewithadualisticview,seeing“theworldinpolartermsofwe-right-goodvs.other-wrong-bad.”Thesestudentscannotacknowledgetheexistenceofmorethanonepointofviewtowardanyissue.Thereisone“right”way.Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.Aneyeforaneye!Capitalpunishmentisaptjusticeformurder.TheBiblesaysso.

Moststudentsbreakthroughthedualisticstagetoanotherequallyfrustratingstage—multiplicity.Withinthisstage,studentsseeavarietyofwaystodealwithanygiventopicorproblem.However,whilethesestudentsacceptmultiplepointsofview,theyareunabletoevaluateorjustifythem.Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.Whilestudentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes,studentsinthemultiplisticstageareunabletoconnectinstancesintocoherentgeneralizations.Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.Capitalpunishment?Whatsenseisthereinansweringonemurderwithanother?

Thethirdstageofdevelopmentfindsstudentslivinginaworldofrelativism.Knowledgeisrelative:rightandwrongdependonthecontext.Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.Whilethemultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.Studentsinthisstageviewtheworldanalytically.Theyappreciateauthorityforitsexpertise,usingittodefendtheirowngeneralizations.Inaddition,theyacceptorrejectostensibleauthorityaftersystematicallyevaluatingitsvalidity.Inthisstage,however,studentsresistdecisionmaking.Sufferingtheambivalenceoffindingseveralconsistentandacceptablealternatives,theyarealmostoverwhelmedbydiversityandneedmeansformanagingit.Capitalpunishmentisappropriatejustice—insomeinstances.

Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.Studentsdonotdenyrelativism.Rathertheyassertanidentitybyformingcommitmentsandassumingresponsibilityforthem.Theygatherpersonalexperienceintoacoherentframework,abstractprinciplestoguidetheiractions,andusetheseprinciplestodisciplineandgoverntheirthoughtsandactions.Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.Theaccusedhashadthebenefitofdueprocesstoguardhiscivilrights,ajuryofpeershasfoundhimguilty,andthestatehastherighttoendhislife.ThisisaprinciplemycommunityandIendorse.

31.Studentswhoare“dualistic”thinkersmaynotbeabletosupporttheirbeliefsconvincinglybecause________.

32.Whichoneofthefollowingassertionsissupportedbythepassage?

33.Inparagraphtwo,theauthorstatesthatintheir“democracy”studentsinthemultiplicitystagearedirectionless.Thewriterdescribesmultiplicitystudentsasbeingina“democracy”because________.

34.WhichoneofthefollowingkindsofthinkingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?

35.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthemessage?

问题1选项

A.mostoftheirbeliefscannotbesupportedbyarguments

B.theyhaveacceptedtheir“truths”simplybecauseauthoritieshavesaidthesethingsare“true”

C.theyhalf-believeandhalf-disbelievejustabouteverything

D.theirteachersalmostalwaysthinkthat“dualistic”thinkersarewrong

问题2选项

A.Committedthinkersarenotverysureoftheirpositions.

B.Relativisticthinkershavelearnedhowtomakesenseoutoftheworldandhavechosentheirownpositionsinit.

C.Multiplicitythinkershavedifficultyunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentpointsofview.

D.Dualisticthinkershavethoughtoutthereasonsfortakingtheirpositions.

问题3选项

A.therearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopleinademocracy

B.inan“ideal”democracy,allpeopleareconsideredequal;byextension,soaretheiropinions

C.Democratsgenerallydonothaveagoodsenseofdirection

D.inademocracytheindividualhasultimateauthorityoverhimself,notthestate

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoassurethatthereisnorightorwronginanyissue.

B.Peoplewhomakeunreasonedcommitmentsandstickbythem.

C.Peoplewhobelievethatrightorwrongdependsonthesituation.

D.Peoplewhothinkthatallbehaviorcanbeaccountedforbycauseandeffectrelationships.

问题5选项

A.Fourmethodsofthoughtarecomparedandcontrasted.

B.Itisshownhoweachoffourtypesofthoughtevolvedfromeachother.

C.Fourmethodsofthoughtarepresented,andeachisshowntocomplementtheother.

D.Theevolutionofthoughtthroughfourstagesispresented,andeachstageisillustratedbyhowitviewscapitalpunishment.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第五、六句Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.（因为这些绝对的东西是由外部权威假定或强加给个人的，不能被个人经验证实或验证。这些学生被权威所概括的东西奴隶。），可知