考研考博-英语-太原科技大学华科学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原科技大学华科学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Duetoan____bybank,therewaslessmoneyinmyaccountthanthereshouldhavebeen.

问题1选项

A.intent

B.oversight

C.indecision

D.engagement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“intent”，意为“意图，含义”；B选项“oversight”，意为“负责，疏忽”；C选项“indecision”，意为“犹豫不决，优柔寡断”；D选项“engagement”，意为“约会，契约”。句意：由于银行的疏忽，我银行里的钱比应有的少了。因此，B选项符合题意。

2.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”Oftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.创造力及其产生想法的任务本质上是递增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他们的想法是通过许多小步骤创造出来的，而不是通过瞬间、惊天动地的灵感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足够诚实的话，精彩的灵感闪现会与你之前处理过的想法或元素联系起来。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共关系工作中，这可能是一个其他人没有想到的新的宣传理念，它将取得重大的宣传效果，或者是以新的角度展示产品，并产生广泛的媒体报道的照片宣传噱头。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人们更容易相信，伟大的创意人士会以某种方式，凭直觉立即得出伟大的想法，而不是认识到，创造力可能是一个混乱、乏味和漫长的过程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英国专利局证实了创造力的这种渐进式性质，该局报告称，95%的新专利只是对现有专利的改编。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎认为创造力指突然产生一个特别聪明、宏大的想法”，这与E选项是对应的，所以该题选择E项。

42.空格后一句提到“想法来自一系列的小步骤或行动（aseriesofsmallstepsormoves）。”，这一句是对A项观点的具体说明和解释，故A项正确。

43.根据该空前一句“回顾你想到的任何想法；准确地回想一下这个想法是如何发展起来的，并追溯它的沿袭”，其中提到了一个人称代词you，所以后面应该还是以第二人称为主，C项正确。

44.后面括号里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents，所以该段第一句是对这个专利的描写，故F项正确。

45.上一段最后一句还提到“任何真正伟大的想法通常都是由一系列渐进的小步骤产生的（aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps），其内在的附加价值大多是在后续的实施中获得的，或者是通过它的销售方式获得的”，接着该段就提到“检查任何产生和使用创造性想法（creativeideas）的活动领域”，可推测，第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句，所以B项正确。

3.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

问题2选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题3选项

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

问题4选项

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

问题5选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘authorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题‘授权’，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。

4.单选题

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项arbitrary“任意的；武断的；专制的”，是由偶然、一时兴起或冲动而非由必然、推理或原则决定的；B选项irrational“不合理的（即与理想状况相比有差距）；无理性的；荒谬的”；C选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的”；D选项negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的关键点，我的选择必然是相对______。如果不知道关键点，做出选择前心里就不会有一个理想答案，所以选择就会相对随意，所以A选项正确。

5.单选题

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

问题1选项

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。

6.单选题

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

问题1选项

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】连词词义辨析题。A选项的inthat“因为，由于，既然”；B选项的somuchsothat“到这样程度以至于……，甚至”；C选项的since通常用于现在完成时态，表示“自从……”；D选项的while“当……时候，然而……”。根据句意‘约瑟夫•海勒是个伟大的小说家，震惊了成千上万的领导人，甚至很多美国著名的小说家都臣服于他的才华，情不自禁地赞扬他’确定B选项正确。

7.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically综合地，A选项符合句意。

8.单选题

______forhisillness,hewouldhavecometohelpyoupaintyourhouse.

问题1选项

A.Notbeing

B.Nothavingbeen

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Havingitnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。当主句结构为：主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+动词的过去分词时，从句结构应为：If+主语+had+动词的过去分词。当虚拟句中的if省略时，主句中的had要提前。原句应为：Ifithadnotbeenforhisillness...，省略if后had提前，句子变为：Haditnotbeenforhisillness...。句意：如果不是因为他生病，他就会来帮你粉刷房子了。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项relevant“相关的；切题的”；D选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：艾滋病是一个全球性的问题，需要一个统一的、全球性的解决办法，而不仅是艾滋病盛行的国家的责任。句意要表达的是“艾滋病盛行的国家”，因此B选项正确。

10.问答题

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌细胞与正常细胞有何不同？”。第三段前两句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因为癌细胞继续生长和分裂，所以它们不同于正常细胞；它们不是死亡，而是比正常细胞活得更久，并继续形成新的异常细胞），所以把这两句整合到一起，答案为Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌细胞不会死亡，而是比正常细胞活得更久，并继续形成新的不正常细胞）。

2.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌细胞为什么会产生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌细胞的产生是由于对DNA的破坏），因此答案为这一句。

3.细节事实题。题干意思是“癌症遗传吗？为什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌细胞中，受损的DNA无法修复；人们可以遗传受损的DNA，这就是遗传性癌症的原因）可知，癌症会遗传，原因是癌细胞破坏的DNA，而受损的DNA可以遗传。

4.细节事实题。题干意思是“所有的肿瘤都是恶性的吗？为什么是或为什么不是？”。根据第五段最后两句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（记住，不是所有的肿瘤都是恶性的；良性肿瘤不会扩散到身体的其他部位，不会危及生命，除了极少数例外）可知，不是所有的肿瘤是恶性的。故答案为Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的肿瘤都是恶性的，因为有良性肿瘤，它们不会扩散到身体的其他部位，通常不会危及生命）。

11.单选题

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

问题1选项

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项available“可获得的，可购得的”，B项accessible“易接近的，可进入的”，C项attainable“可得到的，可达到的”，D项ascertainable“可查明的，可确定的”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入一个表语修饰主语information“信息”，把四个选项分别代入，只有available符合语境。句意：有关如何申请按揭贷款的资料可以在银行里找到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一句中提到的“不寻常的特征或情况”是什么？’根据第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地带是干燥的大陆性气候，动物和植被与同纬度的相似，但是与更北的地区有些不同，那里更干燥。”可以推知A项动植物生长模式‘’符合其特征。根据第三段倒数第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.这种植物的品种也同样有限，一些观察人士发现，即使是相对肥沃的东部藏谷，也不超过70种植物。只有不到10种粮食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也许可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B项‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根据第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.这些困难肯定对当地后来不同寻常的一妻多夫制的出现产生了影响”可知，可知C选项‘典型的藏族社会家庭组织’符合。所以ABC选项都谈及到了这种不寻常的特征，所以D选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一个地区的生态只造成该地区居民所面临的一些问题，而一种文化所面临的问题虽然对其发展很重要，但并不能决定它的发展。’指出生态会影响但不决定人文风气。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.总而言之，尽管可以提出论点说，由于土地的严酷条件，已经存在的一妻多夫制得到了加强和保护(就目前而言)，但在这种情况下，把任何性质更强的原因因素都归罪于生态影响，那肯定是言过其实了。”谈及当地一妻多夫制的社会组织结构可能受到生态该环境的影响。因此，可推知A选项“分析青藏地区生态和社会之间的可能因果联系”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未谈及作者自己的经历和研究，而是分别引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的观点，因此，作者对青藏高原的了解是C选项‘源于书本’。

推理判断题。题目提问‘根据文章，下列哪项最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介绍了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤的观点作为文化决定因素。”因此，可以推知‘孟德斯鸠是环境决定论支持者，即外部环境决定人文风气’，C选项“在共享土地和气候的同一个地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的观点。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘更新世冰蚀以后，仍然存在于西藏的动植物群可以成为大陆性的动植物群，是因为什么？’根据第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期结束后，原始大陆物种中仅存少数种类的生物。”所以，它们被称为大陆性动植物群是因为A选项‘它们原来是在大陆性气候中被发现的’。

13.单选题

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

问题1选项

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。butfor“要不是，如果没有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察来了，他可能已经被杀了。mighthavebeenkilled是对过去的推测，故B项正确。

14.单选题

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

问题1选项

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:如果我们不停止与那些致命的核武器的亲密接触，整个地球将。empower:使控制局势，授权。punish:惩罚,处罚。pollute:污染，弄脏。annihilate:消灭，湮没。

15.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不确定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能够理解教授演讲的内容，因为主题非常晦涩。选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

问题1选项

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这场比赛被取消了，因为大部分成员反对在没有标准场地的情况下比赛。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反对做某事。

17.单选题

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

问题1选项

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同时发生D.constituted组成；构成

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。

18.单选题

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。

句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

问题1选项

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱负”；A项concept“观念，概念”，B项desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C项goal“目标，球门”，D项spirit“精神，心灵，情绪”。句意：发展中国家应从现有的大量科学技术中，选择符合自身目的、符合自身