考研考博-英语-天门职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天门职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

问题1选项

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的……而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”一physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint，butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people’saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“information-revolution”,atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（

）

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintothe

worldofmusic（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

问题2选项

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic

问题3选项

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

问题4选项

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputes

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

问题5选项

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife提到研究文化相关的工具和技术是为了了解一个国家的历史和生活方式，所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第一段最后一句wecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra提到了交响乐团的发展，交响乐是由近东传播到欧洲的，选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole提及阅读乐谱对音乐家产生了深远的影响，并且对音乐文化也有很大的影响，选项A的描述与之相近，因此符合题意。

4.文章最后一段theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments提到了电子媒体的内容，由此可知就像工业文明导致社会结构变化一样，这些电子媒体会导致一些新的音乐形式出现，选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要提到了音乐的物质文明，比如乐器、乐谱等来讲述音乐文明的发展历程，提到音乐文明的发展离不开物质文明的发展，选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Hisillnessfirst（）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

问题1选项

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他的病最初表症为胃痛和头痛。

考查动词辨析。express表达；manifest表症，显现；reflect反应；display展示。根据胃痛和头痛可知，B项符合句意。

4.单选题

Hewasinexperiencedandlackofpreparation,sohisfirstexperimentwas（）tofail.

问题1选项

A.foreseen

B.destined

C.predicted

D.considered

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项foreseen表示“预知；预见”，B选项destined表示“注定的，命定的”，C选项predicted表示“预测；预示”，D选项considered表示“考虑，深思熟虑”。由句意可知，他缺乏经验并且准备工作也不充分，所以他的初次实验注定会失败，固定搭配bedestinedto表示“一定会，肯定会”。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

5.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

问题3选项

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

问题4选项

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

问题5选项

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(细长的火药引线)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2题:2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3题:3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。

第4题:4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。

第5题:5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“populationproblem（人口问题）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即对应growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A选项正确。

6.单选题

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

问题1选项

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即将来临的”；infallible“绝对可靠的”。句意：如果这个罪犯能说出有关谋杀犯的事，他可以免受惩罚。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspenttheempty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybills.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.

Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexplored,andsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.

“MusicIheardwithyouwasmorethanmusic”.Exactly.Andthereforemusicitselfcanonlybeheardalone.“Solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood.Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience.”

“Aloneoneisneverlonely:thespiritadventures,walkinginaquietgarden,inacoolhouse,abidingsinglethere.”

Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood.Humanintercourseoftendemandsthatwesoftentheedgeofperception,orwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurting,orofbeinginappropriatelypresent,whichistosaynaked,inasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweare,andtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasingrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalposition?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlonelinessiscorrect?

3.Bysaying“solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood”(Paragrph3)theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe“（）”.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.theexperienceofbeingaloneoffersoneachancetolookintotheself

B.it’shumannaturetobeadventurous

C.doublevisionisbetterthansinglevision.

D.solitudecanmakeonegenius

问题2选项

A.Peopleamongothersaremorepronelonelinessthanpeoplealone.

B.Peoplewhofeellonelyarethosewhoarealone.

C.Lonelinesshelpsonetobehimself.

D.Marriedpeopleareneverlonely.

问题3选项

A.solitudeaddsflavortolife

B.peoplecanbetterenjoylifewithsolitude

C.peoplecanexperienceeverythinginlifeasitreallyisinsolitude

D.peoplewillbemoreexperiencedwithsolitude

问题4选项

A.InnerSpaceandOuterSpace

B.LonelinessandItsCure

C.BlissfulSolitude

D.SolitudeandHumanIntercourse

问题5选项

A.critical

B.satirical

C.exasperated

D.meditative

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A:孤独的经历可以让人探寻内在的自己。第二段指出:Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,…Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand.foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal(但是有了这次尝试，他便要开始探险了，即将发射到自己内心的宇宙之中,…他的所见所感对他来说将是全新的，一度会新颖得让人惊奇)。由此推断A项“孤独的经历可以让人探寻内在的自己”正确。B:人类天生有探险精神，此项属于过度推断。C:双重看法好于单个看法，此项与第二段意思相反。D:孤独可以成就天才，与原文所述不符。因此本题选A。

第2题:细节事实题。A:与别人待在一起，比单独时孤独感更为强烈。第五段第一句指出:Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood(与别人待在一起时孤独感更为强烈，因为与他人在一起，即使是恋人，我们也会被不同的品味，不同的性格，以及不同的情绪所困扰)。因此，A项正确。B:有孤独感的人是孤独的人，此项与原文不符。C:孤独能让人做自己，此项与原文不符，文章只是说孤独能让自己感受真正的自我。D:已婚者永远不会孤独，与文章不符。

第3题:判断推理题。A:孤独可以增加生活韵味。第三段最后一句指出:Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience(它让人感受到所有经历的真实韵味)。由此可推断thesaltofpersonhood指的是“增加韵味”，因此A项正确。B:孤独时，人们可以享受更好的生活。此项本身正确，但是不符合题干要求。C:只有在真正孤独时，人们才能经历所有的事情，此项不符合原文。D:人们因孤独而经历丰富，此项同样本身正确，但是不符合题干要求。

第4题:主旨大意题。全文的大意为:独居但不孤独，与别人待在一起时孤独感更为强烈。因此C项“幸福的孤独”比较适合做文章标题。

第5题:观点态度题。文章讨论的是孤独带给人的好处。独居但不孤独，与别人呆在一起时孤独感更为强烈。因此，D项“深思的”正确。

8.单选题

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

问题1选项

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

问题2选项

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

问题3选项

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

问题4选项

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

问题5选项

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,（）?

问题1选项

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况：当陈述部分为主从复合句“主语+从句”时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the？；当陈述部分为Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致，如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?题干陈述部分为Idon’tbelieve(that)...从句部分为youaregoingtohave...，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Hewasreluctantbuthe_______becausehewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheirplansbeforegoingtothepolice.

问题1选项

A.playedalong

B.playeddown

C.playedabout

D.playedin

【答案】A

【解析】playalong合作,焦虑地等待;playdown降低,贬低;playabout玩耍;playin奏乐迎入。句意：他很不情愿但还是顺从了，因为他想在去警察局之前多了解一些他们的计划。选项A符合句意。

11.翻译题

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我们的一生中，我们所有人都有可能面对各种不同的风险中，如：工伤事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我们的财产易受到风险事故后果的影响，所以保护我们自己和我们的家人免遭这些后果的伤害是明智的做法。这可以通过很多途径来实现，从采取措施确保我们不受危害到购买保险来弥补突发事故发生所带来的经济后果。

12.单选题

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpovertycreatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa“counterculture”,asparticipantsintheinformaleconomy,asinventionsofsurvivalstrategies,asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.

Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.

Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.

Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,and