考研考博-英语-天津滨海汽车工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津滨海汽车工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。

第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。

2.单选题

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

问题1选项

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discretionary“自由决定的”；B选项bureaucratic“官僚主义的”；C选项compulsory“义务性的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：与其他国家的同类银行相比，国家银行一直非常强大。它之所以保持这种效力，部分原因是它对国家银行体系的控制没有受到政府干预的阻碍，因此它的行动在很大程度上仍然是_______。根据语境，这里指国家银行没有受政府干预的阻碍，在行动上比较自由，所以discretionary“自由决定的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.

问题1选项

A.range

B.power

C.vigor

D.expansion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项range“范围；幅度；山脉”；B选项power“力量；电力”；C选项vigor“活力；精力”；D选项expansion“膨胀”。句意：英语的……是如此之广，以至于3.45亿人将英语作为第一语言，另外还有4亿人将英语作为第二语言。由关键信息sowide“如此广泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45亿人将英语当成第一语言使用”，可知本句是在讲英语的普及范围广。因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

问题1选项

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形；B选项advertising是现在分词形式；C选项tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Imagineyoufoundoutthatideasinventedbyacomputerwereratedhigherbyindependentexpertsthanideascreatedbyagroupofhumansaskedtoperformthesametask.Wouldyoupraisethedesignerofthe“creativecomputer”foragreatachievementorwouldyouquestionwhyhumantalent—usuallysopotentincopingwithcomplexcognitivechallenges——createdsuchpoorideasormaybeyouwouldquestionyourviewofthenotionofcreativity.Infact,suchascenariowasplayedoutwhenweusedasimplecomputerizedroutinetogenerateideasandcomparedthemwithideasinventedbyhumansubjects.Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?

Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol.Althoughthereisageneralagreementregardingthedistinctivenatureofthecreativeproduct（idea,painting,poem,andsoon）,thereisacontroversyoverthenatureofthecreativeprocess.Someresearchersholdthatthecreativethinkingprocessisqualitativelydifferentfrom“ordinary”day-to-daythinkingandinvolvesaleapthatcannotbeformulated,analyzed,orreconstructed——thecreativespark.Othersadoptareductionistviewthatcreativeproductsaretheoutcomeofordinarythinking,onlyquantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking.

Becausecreativeideasaredifferentfromthosethatnormallyarise,peopleoftenbelievethatsuchideasrequireconditionsdramaticallydifferentfromtheusual.Thenotiongoesthat,inordertoovercomementalbarriersandreachcreativeideas,totalfreedomisnecessary—nodirectionalguidance,constraints,criticismfromaninfinitespaceduringthecreativityprocess.Thisviewpromptedtheemergenceofvariousidea-generatingmethods:brainstorming,synectics（共同研究法），lateralthinking（水平思考，横向思维），randomstimulation,andsoon,allofwhichconsistofwithholdingjudgmentandrelyingonanalogiesfromothernumbersinthegroupofonrandomlyselectedanalogies.Thisfamilyofmethodsreliesontheassumptionthatenhancingrandomness,breakingrulesandparadigms,andgeneratinganarchyofthoughtincreasetheprobabilityofcreativeideaemergence.

Dothesemethodswork?Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot.Ideassuggestedbyindividualsworkingalonearesuperiortoideassuggestedinbrainstormingsessionsandtheperformanceofproblemsolversinstructedto''breaktherules,getoutofthesquare,andchangeparadigms”wasnotbetterthanthatofindividualswhowerenotgivenanyinstructionsatall.

Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask.Reitmanobservedthatmanyproblemsthatlackastructuringframeworkareill-definedinthattherepresentationofoneormoreofthebasiccomponents——theinitialstate,theoperatorsandconstraintsandthegoal-areseriouslyincomplete，andthesearchspaceisexceedinglylarge.Indeed,manyill—definedproblemsseemdifficult，notbecauseweareswampedbytheenormousnumberofalternativepossibilities,butbecausewehavetroublethinkingevenofoneideaworthpursuing.

1.Ideasinventedbyacomputerare（）.

2.Theauthorthinksthatcreativethinkingis（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）theprobabilityofcreativeideasemergence.

4.Itisbelievedthat（）tendstoimprovecreativeoutcomes.

问题1选项

A.notnecessarysuperiortohumanideas

B.undoubtedlysuperiortohumanideas

C.scarcelysuperiortohumanideas

D.generallyinventedbyhumansubjectmuchearlier

问题2选项

A.superiortoeverydaythinking

B.quantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

C.qualitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

D.beyondformalizationandanalysis

问题3选项

A.synecticstendtoincrease

B.totalfreedominthinkingwillincrease

C.brainstormingmightdecrease

D.breakingrulesandparadigmsincreases.

问题4选项

A.identifyingthestructuringframework

B.breakingrulesandparadigms

C.followingnodirectionalguidance

D.adoptingareductionistview.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“计算机创造出的思想怎么样？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“当执行同一个认为时，为什么人类裁判会认为计算机的结果优于人类的想法？”(Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?)，选项B“毫无疑问优于人类思想”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为创造性思维是……”。文章第二段第一句话提到“创造力被认为是人类的终极活动，是一个高度复杂的过程，难以形式化和被控制”（Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol），因此选项D“难以被形式化和被分析”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，……创意出现的概率”。文章第三段提出了一些增强创意的方法，第四段第一句提到“这些方法有效吗？”随后回答“一些研究院暗示它们不能”（Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot）,因此选项C“头脑风暴法可能会减少创意出现的概率”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“人们相信……往往会提高创造性的结果”。文章最后一段提到“这些方法失败的原因被认为是任务的非结构化”(Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask)，该段第二句依然是在讲述非结构化框架带来的不好的影响，因此选项A“识别结构性框架”符合题意。

6.单选题

Therightcombinationofbricks,mortarandplastercanbemixedtobuildagreatcity,butitisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.Londonissuchacity,andamajorexhibitionaboutitspeoplemakesthispointbypulling-togetherpaintings,drawings,andprintsbyartistsoverthecenturiestoshowLondonersfromallwalksoflifeandinallmannerofsettings.Thecapital'srenownedoldmarkets,mostnowgone,likeCoventGardenandBillingsgate,capturedtheeyeofpaintersbecauseoftheextraordinarilydisparaterangeofcharactersminglingtogether.Processionsandceremonialeventswerepopularsubjects,althoughmanyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw:thestreettraders,laborers,merchants,craftsmen,societyfolk,servants,visitingforeigners,theverypoor,theold,andthecriminals.ThereisabookwhichaccompaniestheshowandfromwhichinBritainhaschosenitsillustrations.LondonersarepublishedbyThamesandHudson,30-34BloomsburyStreet,LondonWC1B3QP.Telephone01-6365488.Ithas237illustrations,20incolor:£20inhardback,£9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.

TheexhibitioncontinuesuntilAugust2attheMuseumofLondon.OpenTuesdaytoSaturday,10a.m.to6p.m.Admissionfree.

1.Accordingtotheadvertisement,theelementwhichaddstherealcolortoacityis（

）.

2.Theartistsaremorelikelytobeinspiredby（

）.

3.Fromtheadvertisement,wearetoldthatthebookwhichgoeswiththeexhibition（

）.

4.Readersoverseascangetacopyofthebook

（

）.

5.Fromtheadvertisement,wecaninferthattherewouldbefreeadmission（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecityitself

B.itsinhabitants

C.thebuildings

D.themarkets

问题2选项

A.popularsubjects

B.processions

C.theindividuals

D.ceremonialevents

问题3选项

A.iscalledLondoners

B.iscalledBritain

C.containsonly20pictures

D.containslessthan200illustrations

问题4选项

A.for£9.95

B.bypaying£29.95

C.onlybyorderingfrombookshopsinBritain

D.byjoiningtheLiteraryGuild

问题5选项

A.onMondays

B.onAugust1st

C.onSundays

D.before10a.m.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“itisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.”正是这座城市的人民为这座城市增添了额外的维度，使它充满活力、令人难忘、闻名遐迩、游客众多。所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段“manyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw...”许多艺术家的灵感来自于他们所看到的个人……选项C正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段的后半部分可知：在英国，有一本书中的插画被选来展览。这本书叫《伦敦人》，由泰晤士和哈德逊出版。选项A正确，选项B，C，D均不符合原文。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“£20inhardback,£9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.”精装本20英镑，平装本9.95英镑。可从出版商或者是英国书店直接免费邮寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有选项A正确。

5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，在伦敦博物馆的展览将持续到8月2日。星期二至星期六，上午十点至下午六点开放。免费入场。由此可知选项B正确。

7.单选题

Thetrialwasconductedinatheatricalmanner,fullof（

）.

问题1选项

A.properprocedures

B.sworntestimony

C.eruditecitations

D.extravaganthistrionics

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词短语辨析。properprocedures适当的程序；sworntestimony宣誓证词；eruditecitations博学的引用；extravaganthistrionics夸张的戏剧表演。句意：审判以一种戏剧般的方式进行，充满了夸张的表演造作。由inatheatricalmanner可知，答案为D。

8.单选题

Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants（）tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas.

问题1选项

A.emigrated

B.estimated

C.migrated

D.immigrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。emigrate“移民，移居”；estimate“估计，估价”；migrate“移动；移居；随季节而移居”；immigrate“移入”。根据原因状语“因为他们无法在农村存活”可知他们选择移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而从农村到城市不属于这二者，因此选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

问题1选项

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。beskepticalabout对……表示怀疑。

10.单选题

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

问题1选项

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。excursion“偏移；远足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“轮回；移居”；transmogrification“变形”。句意：对海盗袭击的担心使得法国加固了他们的海岸线。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".

StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.

Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.

Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.

1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.

2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.

3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidingboredom

B.lackofcreativity

C.loveofentertainment

D.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo

问题2选项

A.aredeprivedofdeepthought

B.areabandoningold-fashionedamusement

C.indulgeinentertainment

D.havenoprivatespace

问题3选项

A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.

B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.

C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.

D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.

问题4选项

A.hastwocontradictorydefinitions

B.hasbothstrongandweakpoints

C.isasourceofartcreation

D.isdyingintheinformationage

问题5选项

A.LifewithoutBoredom

B.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainment

C.TwoTypesofBoredom

D.TheSignificanceofBoredom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。文章第一句指出:……为儿童设计并被称为“无聊杀手”的书籍、网站、电视节目、音像制品表明“ennui”没有年龄界限。因此推测，ennui是属于“无聊”之意的范畴，故选D项“一种没事可干的感觉”。

2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些专家最近指出，强迫性地逃避无聊使人无法进入无聊带来的某种思维空间，这使我们在创造力和精神上都处于营养不良的状态。换句话说，无聊成了一种“逝去的艺术形式”。以及最后一段:正是这种无聊被一些人视为逝去的艺术形式。从四面八方涌来的过多的信息意味着很少有时间可用于个人思考、深思、或者仅仅“溜号”。因此，综合考虑，无聊可以提供某种思维空间，但是现代社会充斥着过多的信息，从而使得这种思考空间成为“逝去的艺术形式”。故选A项“被剥夺了深入思考”。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的无聊经历可能比表面看起来的要更加珍贵、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(无聊应受到阳光灿烂般的关注和赞美),因此可看出，StevenWinn认为，无聊（其意义和积极影响）值得关注。

4.判断推理题。A:两个定义相互矛盾。B:有优劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分别谈及“无聊”的两种看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也无优劣之分，故排除A项和B项。C:是艺术创作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:无聊给予了人们独立思考的空间，因而对于艺术创造是极其珍贵的,但是并不能说无聊就是艺术创作的源泉，故排除C项。D:消亡于信息时代。根据第四段可知:无聊被称之为“逝去的艺术形式”是因为繁杂的信息意味着用于有利于艺术创造的思考时间很少，即“无聊”的时间很少了，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章谈及对“无聊”的两种看法，并且提出“无聊”已经成了“逝去的艺术形式”这一主要观点。因此，D项“无聊的意义”比较适合做文章标题。

12.单选题

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

问题1选项

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“说服”；B选项concern“影响，牵扯”；C选项dismiss“解散，解雇”；D选项discourage“阻止，使气馁”。句意：不要因为他的批评而（）；他是那种喜欢对别人的行为吹毛求疵的人。本句表达的意思“不要因为他的批评而气馁”，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

问题1选项

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：这个学生在课堂上继续恶作剧，尽管他的老师一再告诉他不要这样做。根据动词搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.确定C选项notto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

问题1选项

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。

15.不定项选择题

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

问题2选项

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

问题3选项

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

问题4选项

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

问题5选项

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据文章，严格的野生动物保护法和改善后的野生动物管理技术……选项A“造成了濒危动物的濒临灭绝”；选项B“干预了自然过程”；选项C“使参观国家公园变得轻松愉快充满活力”；选项D“拯救了洛基山国家公园中快要饿死的麋鹿”，根据文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，严格化的野生动物保护法和改良的野生动物管理技术导致大量的动物拥挤在动物密度非常大的地区，比如黄石公园的麋鹿”，根据此句可知其所带来的影响是负面的，故可以排除选项C、D；选项A所表达的意思与此句相反，故错误；所以正确答案为选项B。

第2题:细节事实题。根据作者的观点，国家公园将不会再有快要饿死的麋鹿、被破坏的草地和奄奄一息的森林……选项A“政府采用更加严格的野生动物法”；选项B“国家公园管理局采用更多野生动物管理技术”；选项C“重新恢复自然进程”；选项D“我们继续改善我们的自然环境”。根据文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”国家公园管理局必须改变他们的管理优先级来阻止动物数量的增加和恢复自然进程，不让公园停滞不前或者随着时间死去，可知“阻止动物数量的增加”和“恢复自然进程”是两个有效的解决办法，故正确答案为选项C。

第3题:推理判断题。根据这篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的数量的激增也是由于什么造成的，选项A“采取了消除食肉动物的政策”；选项B“国家公园数量的增加”；选项C“国家公园游客的减少”；选项D“20世纪对濒危动物的过度开发”，根据第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”国家公园管理局在20世纪早期采取了消除食肉动物的政策，因此失去了对野生动物数量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉动物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的数量激增的一个原因，故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:观点态度题。根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出作者……选项A“支持现有的政策”；选项B“欣赏现有的管理技术”；选项C“认为应该改变自然的力量”；选项D“强烈支持自然进程”，作者在这篇文章中表示了对国家公园管理局采取的对国家公园的管理措施的批判，认为其干预了自然的进程，于是破坏了生态的平衡，所以作者是支持自然进程的，故正确答案为选项D。

第5题:细节事实题。根据这篇文章，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？选项A“20世纪，公园管理者干扰了森林的生态系统”；选项B“食肉动物不应该被消除”；选项C“防虫会造成森林的过熟”；选项D“森林中当地蔬菜的严重的损害是由火灾造成的”，选项A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根据文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整个20世纪国家公园中严重的森林火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，改变了自然环境”，可知火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，所以选项C正确，排除；根据“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.许多国家公园中麋鹿数量的急剧增加造成了当地蔬菜的严重破坏”，可知造成蔬菜破坏的是麋鹿数量的增