考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theaddictivenatureofonlinegamblinghasforcedmany______garnerstoseektreatment.

问题1选项

A.sedative

B.fortified

C.compulsive

D.impulsive

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项sedative“镇静剂”；B选项fortified“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”；D选项impulsive“易冲动的”。句意：在线赌博成瘾的基本特征迫使许多______的赌徒寻求治疗。这里的赌徒对赌博上瘾，不能控制自己停下赌博，C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”形容他们符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

问题1选项

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。mighty表示“有力的，强有力的”；A项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”，B项powerful“有力的”，C项stern“严厉的，坚定的”，D项hasty“轻率的，匆忙的”。句意：这些古老的废墟是一个强大的国王仅存的记忆。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石场)andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(现状).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

问题1选项

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

问题2选项

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

问题3选项

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

问题4选项

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

问题5选项

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出:人类历史上从来没有过如此多的人频繁地批露，诸如：社会、生活方式以及思想观念的阴暗面，而这些与人们从所处社会接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B项。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(尽管他们辩论、质疑，但仍然触及不到关键之处),由此推断D项(对社会的一个批判性评估)是大众传媒所不具备的。故选C项(广泛的事实和意见)。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。据此可知B项正确。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂这个比喻说明有价值的结果不仅仅依靠原材料。故选A。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第二段。第二句说:大众媒介经常不能把做这些决定的困难进行报道，它不起作用，更不会使决定变得更为复杂。故选C。

5.细节题。作者认为大众传播媒介的主要弱点是为了获得利益,故C项(因为获利动机)正确。

4.单选题

AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.

问题1选项

A.aunity

B.adivision

C.anembassy

D.aninvasion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aunity“一个个体”；B选项adivision“一个部门”；C选项anembassy“一个大使馆”；D选项aninvasion“一次入侵”。句意：国家政府的一个重要组成部分是外交部，它是国务院的一个分支。也就是说外交部是国家政府的一个部门，因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

I’vehadmycarexaminedthreetimesnowbutnomechanichasbeenableto（）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.notify

C.highlight

D.pinpoint

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了动词的辨析。deduce“演绎，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“强调，突出”；pinpoint“确定，准确指出”，根据mechanic“技术人员，修理工”与汽车的problem“问题”的关系，修理人员应该是查明或者指出问题的，所以此处应该使用动词pinpoint，故正确答案为选项D。

6.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswritingabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardstothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral:forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhomebrewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheindividualrevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessary,shouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionhasbeenusedto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,eighteenthcenturyEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthepassage’sreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Hostility.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Curiosity

问题3选项

A.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

B.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题4选项

A.investigatetheextentofthedemandforluxurygoodsamongsocialclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.classifythekindsofluxurygoodsdesiredbyeighteenth-centuryconsumers

C.establishtheextenttowhichthetastesofrichconsumerswereshapedbytheMiddleclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland.

D.explainthemotivationofeighteenth-centuryconsumersweretobutluxurygoods.

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodcouldbesaidtobeastimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.dissimilarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者提到了McKendrick和Plumb的目的是为了……”。文章第一段第一句提到“历史学家直到最近才开始注意到18世纪英格兰对奢侈品和服务需求的增长”（Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland），第二句话举了McKendrick和Plumb的例子，由此可知这就是注意到这个现象的历史学家中的两位，因此选项A“举例帮助确立了十八世纪英格兰日益增长消费事实的历史学家”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，汤普森把十八世纪英国劳动人民对资本主义消费的态度归结为以下哪一种？”文章第二段提到“在正确地将劳动人民恢复到18世纪英国历史的阶段的同时，可能夸大了他们对资本主义消费方式侵蚀的抵抗情绪”（whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral），句子中opposition这个词的意思是“抵抗”，由此可知十八世纪英国劳动人民对资本主义消费的态度是敌对的，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第三段，作者主要关注的是……”。文章第三段第一二句话提到一些历史学家指出，制造商能够在一个相对未经审查的媒体上做广告，然而这似乎并不是一个充分的答案（somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer），第五句话提到“再次，我们可以怀疑这个解释是否充分”（Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient），以及第六句话提到“难道人们不喜欢将买东西作为自我满足的一种形式吗”（Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?），由此可知选项A“质疑两种解释并且提出一种可能的假设”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，一个炫耀性消费的Veblen模型被用来……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“为了回答消费者为什么变得如此渴望去购买这个问题”（Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy）及后面举了Veblen的例子可知这个例子是为了解释消费者购买的动机，因此选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，18世纪的英国和当代读者……”。文章最后一段提到18世纪英国对那些实用和琐碎商品和服务的贪得无厌的需求预示着我们的世界（theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld），由此可知选项D“他们对各种商品和服务的强烈需求是相似的”符合题意。

7.单选题

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

问题2选项

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

问题3选项

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

问题4选项

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

问题5选项

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知确定冲突的最佳水平存在困难。故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人惊讶的是，Schwenk发现，对于冲突的看法随着组织类型的不同而系统地变化。”接下来分别列举了盈利机构和非盈利机构对待冲突的不同看法。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利为目的的组织中，决策效能最常以财务术语来评估。高管们认为，共识而不是冲突可以增强财务指标。”可知盈利机构认为共识能增强财务指标。故D项“成功在于统一的意见（共识）”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非营利性组织中，决策有效性是从令人满意的群体的角度来定义的。考虑到满足许多不同成员的复杂性和模糊性，高管们认为冲突导致了更深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”可知在非盈利性机构里人们可以表达不同的观点，故B项正确。

8.问答题

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwent

A

formorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographic

B

patterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahigherrateandata

C

youngeragethantheirEuropeancounterparts.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;wenton

【解析】考查固定搭配。goon意为“持续”，此处为过去式。

9.单选题

ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt______inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

问题1选项

A.anyconcernwith

B.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcernin

D.anyconcernat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项concernwith“关心，挂念”；B选项concernabout“担心”；C选项concernin“涉及；与……有关”；D选项concernat非固定搭配。句意：讽刺的是，西方人从来没有______发明对他们生活方式构成威胁。根据语境，concernabout“担心”搭配threat“威胁”比较合理，意指西方人不会担心发明给生活造成威胁，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

问题1选项

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词的用法。句子主语是aneducationalenvironment“一种教育环境”，是design动作执行的对象，因此要用被动语态表示“教育环境被设计成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A选项被动语态；B选项主动语态；C选项被动语态，表“将要被设定成”；D选项主动语态；句意：教育环境能将你从日常生活的艰辛中抽离出来。根据句意A选项最符合题意。

11.单选题

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogosaysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidencebecausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoneybecome“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat’sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn’texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn’tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-leaningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

2.Inthe2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（）.

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

问题2选项

A.highschoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

问题3选项

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

问题4选项

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

问题5选项

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句，“Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.”，可知大学已经被超过一代的人们毫无疑问的接受了。可判断出人们过去总是对高等教育充满信心。选项B符合题意。

2.语义理解题。根据文章第一句，“Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.”，可知近一半的高中毕业生就读于那些不符合这种模式的学校，人数越来越多，现象也越来越明显。下文紧接着用例子说明了这种现象。可判断出thosewhodon’tfitthepattern是指那些没有因为高等教育而变得更好的大学生们。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.”，可知另一些人在学习中找不到激励和鼓舞而辍学——通常是受到大学管理者的鼓励。可判断出大学生的辍学率似乎在上升的原因在于年轻人很少有追求高等教育的动力。选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.”，可知我们被告知年轻人必须上大学，因为经济不会给一个18岁的未受过训练的人工作机会。但是令人沮丧的事实是，毕业生了解到社会也无法给受过大学教育的22岁的毕业生适合的工作机会。可判断出大学教育的问题部分来自于社会无法为受过良好训练的大学毕业生提供足够的工作机会。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.”，可知我们从小就被教育说接受一点教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，这是有争议的。相反的证据也开始增多。可判断出作者认为对于高中毕业的年轻人来说，大学并非最好的、唯一的去处。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

“You（

）borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend

问题1选项

A.could

B.should

C.must

D.can

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我对我的朋友说“假如你好好保管，你就可以借用我的笔记。”。

语法题。考查情态动词。由句中关键词“borrowmynotes用我的笔记”与“providedyoutakecareofthem假如你照顾他们”的对应知这里表示一种“现实可能性”，故A“could”正确。此外，虽然“can”也可用来表示现在的可能性，但是它一般用在问句或否定句中。should“应该”；must“必须；一定”。

14.翻译题

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.

Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconsiderthefacts,butwouldconsideronlythewishtoresolvethematter.An"invidiouscompromise"awardatthesame50%perunitreductionwouldbearnorelationtothedegreeofinferiorityandpotentialofuse.Thepurposeofarbitrationisnottopleaseallpartiestosomeextent;itistoreachadecisionwithdueregardtoallfactsandcircumstancespresentedintheHearing.

【答案】对那些对仲裁价值持保留意见的人来说，所谓的令人反感的妥协不是“尊敬的妥协”。确切的说，它是“不公正的妥协”。这意味着不考虑事情的优点，但却认识到外在限制且拆分这其中的区别。这便是仲裁人权利的不当使用。一旦这种情况出现，仲裁就会失败。

一个例子可以区分可能发生于仲裁时的令人反感的“不公正的妥协”和看上去“尊敬的妥协”。假定事关一个用合约订购了某种商品的买家，尽管收到了商品，但他认为这些商品比订购的质量差。尽管他可以使用这些商品，但是他认为自己不应该付全款。他认为每单位该商品应该给1美元的补贴。但厂商即卖家质疑产品劣质的声称。在仲裁吋，仲裁人可能会发现该商品有缺陷，但没有达到买家声称的程度。鉴于提出的事实