考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学博达学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学博达学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

问题1选项

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

问题2选项

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

问题3选项

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

问题4选项

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干：下列哪项不是纵向研究的缺点之一？文章第二段说到纵向研究的特点和有点，第三段说到了纵向研究的缺点。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”与C选项符合。因此C选项符合题意。

2.词义题。由词语定位到第三句，分析句子结构可知“contingent”是并列谓语之一。前半句说到纵向研究费用高、耗时长，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能坚持下来。因此A选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：下列哪个陈述是正确的？此类题只可通过选项定位。C选项中出现了绝对词“only”，表示“纵向研究只有在寻求对早期经验对后期发展的影响的理解时才是可靠的”，过于绝对化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”说明B选项错误；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”说明D选项错误。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：横向和纵向研究的区别之一是______。由题干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即与D选项的lessmoney一致。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

问题1选项

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指为...预先采取措施,为…作好准备。句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备,存下足够的钱以备老年之需。选项C正确。

3.单选题

Thestockmarketdeclinedsharply,andrampantbusinessinvestmentslumped.Thenanensuingspateonscandals_______publictrustinthewaycompanieswererun.

问题1选项

A.consolidated

B.illuminated

C.weakened

D.celebrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项consolidate“巩固，加强”；B选项illuminate“说明；使灿烂”；C选项weaken“削弱”；D选项celebrate“庆祝；宣告”。句意：股市大幅下跌，泛滥的商业投资大幅下滑。接着是一连串的丑闻_______公众对公司运作方式的信任。根据语境，股市大跌，投资下滑，可知这里表达负面的意味，weaken“削弱”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

问题1选项

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉；理解；认知”；B选项deceive“欺骗；行骗”；C选项conceive“怀孕；构思；持有”；D选项receive“收到；接待；接纳”。句意：……他的腿有点瘸，所以我放慢了脚步。“我”放慢脚步是因为“发现、察觉”他腿脚不便，因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacentury-longstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworks.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilities,andemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWar,forexample,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshavecolludedovertheyearsinestablishingdifferent,lessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomenthanformen,thusreducingwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courts,andemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoaffectedwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesorsterilityinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostay,andthattheirneeds-goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace-aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingresultedfromthepassageorrevivalofstatelawslimitingtheworkhoursofwomenworkers?.

2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,theauthorconsiderswhichofthefollowingtobemosthelpfulindeterminingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

3.Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

5.Accordingtothepassage,speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendgenerallytohavewhichofthefollowingeffects?

问题1选项

A.Womenworkerswerecompelledtoleavetheirjobsinfactories.

B.Manyemployershaddifficultyinprovidingjobsforreturningveterans.

C.Manyemployersfoundithardtoattractwomenworkers.

D.Thehealthofmostwomenfactoryworkersimproved.

问题2选项

A.comparativestudyofpatternsofwork-relatedillnessesinstatesthathadsuchlawsandinstatesthatdidnot.

B.Anestimateofhowmanywomenworkersareinfavorofsuchlaws.

C.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcomplyingwithsuchlaws.

D.Anexaminationoftheactualeffectsthatsuchlawshavehadinthepastonwomenworkers.

问题3选项

A.unnecessarybecausemostworkersarewellprotectedbyexistinglaborlaws.

B.harmfoltotheeconomicinterestsofwomenworkerswhileofferingthemlittleornoactualprotection.

C.notworthpreservingeventhoughtheydorepresentahard-wonlegacyofthelabormovement.

D.controversialbecausemaleworkersreceivelessprotectionthantheyrequire.

问题4选项

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

问题5选项

A.Theytendtomodifythestereotypesemployeesoftenholdconcerningwomen.

B.Theyincreasetheadvantagetoemployersofhiringmeninsteadofwomen,makingitlesslikelythatwomenwillbehired.

C.Theydecreasethelikelihoodthatemployerswilloffermoreprotectiontowomenworkersthanthatwhichisabsolutelyrequiredbylaw.

D.Theyincreasethetendencyofemployerstodenyhealthinsuranceanddisabilityplanstowomenworkers.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干定位至第二段第三句，此句前一句便是本题答案。

2.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing(即使简短回顾法院和雇主的以往做法，这些法律的成果也似乎是苦涩的：实际上，它们更多的是一种诅咒，而不是好事)。

3.主旨大意题。A、D可以排除。文章第一段提到，特别保护妇女的劳动法是经过一个世纪的斗争获得的，但是只要稍微审视一下过去就能发现这些法律与其说是一件好事，不如说是一种灾祸。这是C项的意思，但是下文都在证明的最后一段第一句话：protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose,即这些法律使妇女失去工作、遭受了经济利益的损失，但并未对妇女提供太多的保护，B选项概括全文大意。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词employeehealthinsuranceplans定位至第二段最后一句,由此推测A项(它们涵盖了所有影响男性的常见医疗状况，但仅包括一些影响女性的情况)正确。

5.细节题。作者认为，正是因为有了这些特殊的针对妇女的劳动法，用人单位才能堂而皇之地以妇女不适合相关的工作为由，不再雇佣妇女。最后一句也说“立法者们应当认识到妇女应当保留在劳动力中...”因此B项(他们增加了雇主雇佣男性而不是女性的优势，从而减少了雇佣女性的可能性)正确。

6.单选题

Mypain（）apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

问题1选项

A.mustbe

B.musthavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。由原文句意可知，当我进房间的时候，我的痛苦一定很明显，因为第一个看到我的人就同情地问我“你没事吧”。分析句子结构可知，for连接并列句，补充说明前文推测的原因。再通过walked可知，空缺处是对过去的事实进行肯定的推测，因此应选用musthavebeen。故本题正确答案为B选项。

7.单选题

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

问题1选项

A.routine

B.nutrition

C.provision

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项routine“惯例”；B选项nutrition“营养”；C选项provision“规定，条款”；D选项expense“开销，费用，损失，代价”。句意：无论你是为了吃而活，还是为了活而吃，食物都是每个家庭的预算当中一项主要的开销。根据后半句提到的family’sbudget家庭预算，可知该处选择D选项expense“开销”符合句意。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

问题2选项

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

问题3选项

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

问题4选项

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

问题5选项

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因为国家的巨大权力被用来促进各种意识形态的目的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”选项A错误；根据第一段的倒数第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不仅仅是文化问题,所以选项B也错误；选项C符合原文,选项D在文中没有提及。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知选项A正确；根据第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知选项B正确；根据第二段的倒数第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知选项D正确,只要选项C在文中未提及。

4.根据原文内容可知。本文的两个关键词是政治和文化,所以选项B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,选项A正确。

10.单选题

Oneimpediment（

）thegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationisthefact（

）pronunciationislearntnaturallyandunconsciously,whileorthographyislearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.

问题1选项

A.in...which

B.of...inwhich

C.on...that

D.to…that

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配及同位语从句。Oneimpedimentto“障碍”，第二个空格后的句子是前面fact的同位语，因此由that引导。D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的想法总是被同事们认为（）。condemn意为“谴责，反对”，表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的，虚构的；B选项ingenious聪明的，精巧的；C选项impractical不切实际的，不实用的；D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合句意和逻辑。

12.单选题

Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.

问题1选项

A.resultedfrom

B.burstinto

C.evoked

D.prosecuted

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项resultfrom“由……造成，起因于”，B项burstinto“突然闯进来”，C项evoke“引起，唤起，博得”，D项prosecute“检举，贯彻”。根据句子意思“她的精彩表演……观众的热烈喝彩”可推断，空格处应该表示“赢得，博得”，所以只有C项符合。句意：她出色的表演引起了观众的热烈喝彩。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.单选题

11.

问题1选项

A.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.

B.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.

C.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.

D.Themathhomeworkisfun.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Catherine,howisthemathhomeworkcoming?

W:That’sapieceofcake.Butthechemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】对话中女士说数学作业apieceofcake，即“小菜一碟”，但是chemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack，即化学作业非常棘手。

14.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（

）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】句意:该地区多种多样的热带植物说明这里有取之不尽的原材料，而只有少量被利用。

形容词辨析。Inexhaustible无穷无尽的;exploited被开发的;remarkable异常的，非凡的;controversial有争议的。故A符合句意。

15.单选题

（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

问题1选项

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。句意：LilArmstrong1917年来到芝加哥时，作为年轻的钢琴家的第一份专业工作是在音乐商店里演奏曲调。空格处所填单词与后面部分一起构成名词短语做整个句子的主语。C项demonstrate是动词，不能做主语。A、D两项中tunes是复数,而谓语动词是was,故排除。

16.单选题

Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.

问题1选项

A.recurrence

B.rejection

C.reluctance

D.refutation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。recurrence循环，重现rejection拒绝，抑制；reluctance勉强，不情愿；refutation反驳，驳斥。句意：他最终同意与我们签订协议，但有些不情愿。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

问题1选项

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气,从句为过去完成时,主句应用现在完成时,首先排除选项B和C。problem和solve之间是被动关系,所以选项A正确。

18.单选题

Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor______.

问题1选项

A.explicated

B.complicated

C.duplicated

D.implicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explicated“说明，解释”；B选项complicated“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项duplicated“复制；使加倍”；D选项implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影响”。句意：来自其他机构的学术记录通常会成为一所大学的官方所有文件，并且不会被返还给学生或者被复制。因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项subsequently“随后”；B选项successively“接连的”；C选项predominantly“显著地”；D选项preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定______被修改了。根据语境，这里指决定在后来被修改，所以subsequently“随后”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

WhenSarahandI（

）onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

问题1选项

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。compile“汇集；编辑”；gather“聚会，集会”；collaborate“合作，合著”；collect“收集；集合”。句意：当Sarah和我为校报合作一篇文章时，我们发现很难与彼此一起工作。选项C符合题意。

21.翻译题

Inthissection,therearetenEnglishsentences.TranslatethemintoproperChineseandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.

IcamebackyesterdayfromHongKongwhereIhadspenttwoweeksvacationafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobIhadbeeninchargeofinthesouth.

Ashewalkedaway,heturnedforonelastglimpseofherinthedoorway,tinyandsmilingandwavinggood-bye.

I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.

Hiswordsfailedhimforthemoment.

Theatrewillbereinventedandbecomemuchfreerandmoreimaginative.

Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

Forcountlessagesthesunroseandset,themoonwaxedandwaned,thestarsshoneinthenight,butitwasonlywiththecomingofManthatthesethingswereunderstood.

Manysketchesareinexistenceofpeasantsseatedbytheroadsideandmenandwomenatworkinthefields.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.

Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.

【答案】我在南方负责一项工程建设，任务完成之后，到香港度了两个星期的假，昨天刚回来。

当他离开吋，他回过头来看了她最后一眼。只见她站在门口，体态娇小，面带微笑，挥手向他告别。

只有在我过度劳累的吋候，在我长时间不间断地工作的吋候，在我感到内心空虚，需要充实的吋候，我才会感到寂寞。

他一时说不出话来了。

戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由，更富想象力。

应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人，特别是上瘾后的可怕后果。

太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了，只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。

至今仍保存着许多素描，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田间劳作的男女。

我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。

声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。

22.单选题

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析。句意:证券交易所今早股价大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新获得(所有权);recover恢复;restore恢复...存在或使用;revive恢复；复兴,多指某国或某一区域经济萧条后振兴。因此这里选B合适。

23.单选题

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

问题1选项

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项manipulate“操纵，操作”，B项regulate“调节，控制”，C项dominate“占优势，支配”，D项prevail表示“盛行，流行”。句意：预计政府将制定新的立法来规范外国在房地产领域的投资。因此B项正确。

24.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.(47)Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlywithinthemomentoftimerepresentedbythepresentcenturyhasonespecies-man-acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

(48)Duringthepastquartercenturythispowerhasnotonlyincreasedtooneofdisturbingmagnitudebutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman’sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable;thechainofevilitinitiatesnotonlyintheworldthatmustsupportlifebutinlivingtissuesisforthemostpartirreversible.(49)Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterandlittle-recognizedpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworld—theverynatureofitslife.Strontium90,releasedthroughnuclearexplosionsintotheair,comestoearthinrainordriftsdownasfallout,lodgesinsoil,entersintothegrassorcomorwheatgrownthere,andintimetakesupitsabodeinthebonesofahumanbeing,theretoremainuntilhisdeath.Similarly,chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeand,throughthealchemyofairandsunlight,combineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.(50)AsAlbertSchweitzerhassaid,“Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation.”

【答案】【参考译文】

46.地球上生命的历史一直是生物及其周围环境相互作用的历史。

47.就地球时间的整个阶段而言，生命改造环境的反作用实际上一直是相对微小的。

48.在过去的四分之一世纪里，这种力量不仅在数量上增长到了令人不安的程度，而且在性质上也发生了变化。

49.在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，在改变地球生命本质的过程中，化学物质起着有害作用，且鲜为人知，它们可以与放射性危害相提并论。

50.正如艾伯特•施韦策所说：“人类甚至难以辨认自己创造的恶魔”。

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